Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons^™

Yield Component Compensation As Affected By Seeding Rates In Dry Direct Seeded Rice, Crisanta S. Bueno, Rene B. Carandang, John Kenneth L. Motilla, Pompe C. Sta Cruz

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Sustainability of the transplanted and flooded rice system is threatened by water and labor availability in many Asian countries including the Philippines. Dry direct seeding instead of transplanting is evolving as a viable crop establishment option to deal with labor and water shortages. Two experiments from July 2020 to June 2021 were conducted to determine the effect of different seeding rates [20 kg ha^-1 (SR20), 40 kg ha^-1 (SR40), 60 kg ha^-1 (SR60), and 120 kg ha^-1 (SR120)] on the growth, grain yield, and yield components of 2 rice varieties that were established through direct seeding …

Effects Of Polishing And Cooking On The Phytochemical Properties And Antioxidant Activities Of Selected Philippine Rice Cultivars [Research Note], Rodel M. Bulatao, Charleo S. Zapanta, Maricar B. Castillo, Reniel P. Tubera, Joel R. Salazar

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

This paper evaluated the effects of different polishing times and regular cooking on the phytochemical properties and antioxidant activities of black rice Brillante, red rice Minaangan, and white rice NSIC Rc 160. Rice samples were polished for 0, 15, 30, and 45 s, and were cooked using their optimum cooking water ratio. The samples were then characterized for their phytochemical properties [total anthocyanin content (TAC), total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC)] and antioxidant activities [DPPH-radical scavenging activity (DPPH-RSA) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)]. Pearson’s correlation analysis (PCA) was employed to determine the strength of …

Allelopathy Of Faba Bean Cover Crop To Durum Wheat Under A Semi-Arid Environment, Oussama Oueslati, Arwa Zammali, Raed Hamdi, Ahlem Dhahri, Chaima Melliti, Moncef Ben Hammouda, Robert Kremer

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Problems facing farmers practicing conservation agriculture in the semi-arid zone of Tunisia include appropriate cover crop selection, management of allelopathic effects affecting subsequent crop performance, and influence of seasonal variation on allelopathy expression. Allelopathy expressed by faba bean (Vicia faba L.) toward durum wheat [Triticum turgidum ssp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] was studied using bioassays during three growing seasons. The role of phenols in the expression of such potential was also investigated. Analyses of plant samples at three phenological stages (flowering, fruiting, senescence) revealed that leaves were most inhibitory. Allelopathic potential differed among plant components and phenological stages, with …

Development And Characterization Of Rice Lines Carrying Both Sub1 And Anaerobic Germination Tolerance: Sub1a Does Not Inhibit Ag [Research Note], Georgina V. Vergara, Abdelbagi M. Ismail

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Accelerated coleoptile elongation in flooded soils allowed seedling shoots to reach the water surface to maintain gas exchange and CO₂ fixation. Rice genotypes with tolerance of flooding during germination (anaerobic germination, AG) exhibited fast coleoptile elongation as an escape mechanism. On the other hand, tolerance of complete submergence during the vegetative stage, conferred by SUB1A, involved growth retardation to conserve energy for maintenance metabolism, with resumption of growth upon de-submergence. Combining genes controlling flood tolerance at these two stages with contrasting mechanisms was necessary in flood-prone areas for protection during germination under direct seeding and during vegetative stage. …

Pestfacts Wa Issue 15 - September 2023, Cindy L. Webster, Dusty Severtson, Alan Lord, Svetlana Micic, Michael Nash, Andrea Hills

PestFacts WA

PestFacts WA Issue 15 - September 2023 contents:

• Spring control of redlegged earth mites
• Cabbage leafminer
• Monitor for slugs now to prepare for next season
• Native budworm update
• Barley loose smut – this year and going forward

Summaries Of Arkansas Cotton Research 2022, Fred Bourland

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

The current economic environment continues to drive the need to produce record or near-record yields to be profitable. Price volatility in 2022 added another level of difficulty in the quest for being profitable. The cotton market saw significant movement after reaching a $1.5802 per pound high in May 2022, cotton prices corrected and more than halved in value at the October 2022 low, and then consolidated around the 80 cents per pound level in December 2022 (Cotton is Consolidating). Great uncertainties still exist for the upcoming season, most of which are outside of our control. These include, but are not …

Pestfacts Wa Issue 17 - September 2023, Cindy L. Webster, Dusty Severtson, Rebecca Severtson

PestFacts WA

PestFacts WA Issue 17 - September 2023 contents:

• Aphid activity update
• Diamondback moth numbers remain low
• Native budworm caterpillar update

Determining Cardinal Temperatures For Eight Cover Crop Species, Mila V. Pessotto, Trenton Roberts, Matthew B. Bertucci, Caio Dos Santos, Jeremy Ross, Mary C. Savin

Horticulture Faculty Publications and Presentations

Growing degree days (GDD) is a tool to predict plant growth and can be adapted for use in any plant species, including cover crops. A limitation of the GDD calculation is accurate temperature parameters used to predict plant development. For most cover crop species, the cardinal temperatures are not well defined in the literature, leading to a less accurate calculation of GDD. The objective of this study was to determine the cardinal temperatures of eight cover crop species, including Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum), balansa clover (Trifolium michelianum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), black-seeded oats ( …

Maize Leaf Angle Genetic Gain Is Slowing Down In The Last Decades, Elvis F. Elli, Jode Edwards, Jianming Yu, Slobodan Trifunovic, Douglas M. Eudy, Kevin R. Kosola, Patrick S. Schnable, Kendall R. Lamkey, Sotirios V. Archontoulis

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Quantifying historical changes in maize leaf angle and factors affecting it can enhance our understanding of canopy architecture and light capture, and hence crop productivity. Our objectives were to (1) quantify leaf angle genetic gain per canopy position in Bayer's legacy maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids; (2) dissect the contribution of breeding from plant density on historical changes in leaf angle; and (3) synthesize our findings with literature to determine leaf angle changes over a century of breeding. We measured leaf angle in 78 maize hybrids released between 1980 and 2020 across eight environments in the US Corn Belt. …

Long-Term Impacts Of Conservation Pasture Management In Manuresheds On System-Level Microbiome And Antibiotic Resistance Genes, Mitiku Mihiret Seyoum, Amanda Ashworth, Kristina M. Feye, Steven C. Ricke, Phillip R. Owens, Philip A. Moore Jr., Mary Savin

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Animal manure improves soil fertility and organic carbon, but long-term deposition may contribute to antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) entering the soil-water environment. Additionally, long-term impacts of applying animal manure to soil on the soil-water microbiome, a crucial factor in soil health and fertility, are not well understood. The aim of this study is to assess: (1) impacts of long-term conservation practices on the distribution of ARGs and microbial dynamics in soil, and runoff; and (2) associations between bacterial taxa, heavy metals, soil health indicators, and ARGs in manures, soils, and surface runoff in a study following 15 years of continuous …

Effects Of Measurement Methods And Growing Conditions On Phenotypic Expression Of Photosynthesis In Seven Diverse Rice Genotypes, Megan Reavis, Larry C. Purcell, Andy Pereira, Kusum Naithani

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Introduction: Light response curves are widely used to quantify phenotypic expression of photosynthesis by measuring a single sample and sequentially altering light intensity within a chamber (sequential method) or by measuring different samples that are each acclimated to a different light level (non-sequential method). Both methods are often conducted in controlled environments to achieve steady-state results, and neither method involves equilibrating the entire plant to the specific light level.

Methods: Here, we compare sequential and non-sequential methods in controlled (greenhouse), semi-controlled (plant grown in growth chamber and acclimated to field conditions 2-3 days before measurements), and field environments. We selected …

Dicamba Off-Target Movement From Applications On Soybeans At Two Growth Stages, Greg R. Kruger, Guilherme S. Alves, Kasey Schroeder, Jeffrey A. Golus, Daniel B. Reynolds, Darrin M. Dodds, Ashli E. Brown, Bradley K. Fritz, Wesley C. Hoffmann

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to evaluate dicamba off-target movement during and after applications over soybean at two growth stages. Dicamba-tolerant soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] at V3 and R1 growth stages in Nebraska and Mississippi fields were treated with diglycolamine salt of dicamba (560 g ae ha⁻¹), potassium salt of glyphosate (1260 g ae ha⁻¹), and a drift-reducing adjuvant (0.5% v v⁻¹). Filter papers positioned outside the sprayed area were used to determine primary movement and air samplers positioned at the center of sprayed area were used to calculate dicamba flux …

Effects Of Cover Crop, N And Residue Management On The Financial Sustainability Of Processing Tomatoes In Southwestern Ontario, Jamison Kerr, Aaron De Laporte, Alfons Weersink, Rich J. Vyn, Laura L. Van Eerd

Faculty Work Comprehensive List

Given the potential environmental and economic sustainability consequences of cover crop adoption, N fertilizer application, and residue management, this study focuses on the yield and financial effects of these on processing tomato production in Ontario, Canada. The study employs financial modeling using field data from a long-term cover crop experiment (oat, cereal rye, radish, and a radish-rye mixture) from 2010 to 2020. Averaged over six experimental years, compared to no cover (87 Mg ha−1) radish (99.6 Mg ha−1) and radish-rye mix (95.2 Mg ha−1) cover crops produce statistically significantly higher tomato yields as isolated practices, increasing farm net returns by …

A Follow-Up Survey To Assess Stakeholders’ Perspectives On Weed Management Challenges And Current Practices In Nebraska, Usa, Shawn T. Mcdonald, Debalin Sarangi, Jennifer M. Rees, Amit J. Jhala

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Stakeholders across the state of Nebraska, USA, were surveyed in 2019–2020 to assess problem weeds and weed management practices in agronomic crops. A total of 420 complete responses were obtained across four Nebraska districts (Northeast, Panhandle, Southeast, and West Central). Accumulated across the state, 65.5% of farmed or scouted crop ground in Nebraska was under no-till production, with the major crops being corn and soybean representing 39.3% and 30.7% of agronomic crop production area, respectively. Palmer amaranth, horseweed, waterhemp, kochia, and giant ragweed were ranked the most problematic weeds. In a 2014–2015 survey, Palmer amaranth was the sixth most problematic …

Evaluation Of Organic And Synthetic Herbicides Applications On Indicators Of Soil Health And Weed Suppression In A Conventional Cropping System In Louisiana, Caitlin Denux

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Synthetic herbicides, with their varying modes of action, are well known for their efficiency in the suppression and control of weed species in U.S. agriculture. However, the consequences of using synthetic herbicides without attention to the surrounding environment can produce chemical run-off, changes in soil health and soil health conditions, and create herbicide-resistant weeds. These consequences have encouraged growers to find alternatives in their weed management programs. In this study, organic and synthetic herbicides were assessed on how well they performed in weed suppression surveys, and their potential effects on soil health indicators. Commonly used indicators include soil pH, β-glucosidase …

The Evolving Definition Of Plant Cell Type, Sahand Amini, Jeffrey J. Doyle, Marc Libault

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

In 1665 Robert Hooke, looking at cork through his microscope, discovered that plants are composed of elementary structures he named “cells”. Variation in the expression of a single genome in a complex eukaryotic organism guides the initiation, maturation, physiology, and biochemistry of cells with different shapes and sizes, playing different structural and functional roles in space and time. How many kinds of cells—”cell types”— an organism possesses of course depends on the organism’s cellular complexity, but the plasticity within a cell type fuels the emergence of the concept of cell state (Figure 1). The transition between cell states is driven …

Shortening Harvest Interval, Reaping Benefits? A Study On Harvest Practices In Oil Palm Smallholder Farming Systems In Indonesia, Rosanne E. De Vos, Lisa Nurfalah, Fatima A. Tenorio, Ya Li Lim, Juan Pablo Monzon, Christopher R. Donough, Hendra Sugianto, Asri A. Dwiyahreni, Nurul L. Winarni, Nadia Mulani, Gilang Ramadhan, Muhammad Ali Imran, Antonius P. Tito, Pandu Sulistiawan, Muhammad Khoirul, Rana Farrasati, Iput Pradiko, Patricio Grassini, Maja Slingerland

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

CONTEXT: Smallholders are responsible for a large share of global palm oil production. Yet, in Indonesia, the main palm oil producing country, smallholders’ yields remain low. Better management practices, including short harvest interval (HI, the number of days between two harvest rounds), could help to raise smallholder yields. However, at present, HI is long in smallholder fields and the drivers underlying this phenomenon are poorly understood.

OBJECTIVE: We explored agronomic, socio-economic, and institutional factors that underlie harvesting practices in independent oil palm smallholder farming systems in Indonesia to assess scope for sustainable intensification through shorter HI and reduced …

Exotic Herbivores And Fire Energy Drive Standing Herbaceous Biomass But Do Not Alter Compositional Patterns In A Semiarid Savanna Ecosystem, Virginia D. Preiss, Carissa L. Wonkka, Devan A. Mcgranahan, Alexandra G. Lodge, Matthew B. Dickinson, Kathleen L. Kavanagh, Heath D. Starns, Douglas R. Tolleson, Morgan L. Treadwell, Dirac L. Twidwell Jr, William E. Rogers

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Questions: Fire regime alterations are pushing open ecosystems worldwide past tipping points where alternative steady states characterized by woody dominance prevail. This reduces the frequency and intensity of surface fires, further limiting their effectiveness for controlling cover of woody plants. In addition, grazing pressure (exotic or native grazers) can reinforce woody encroachment by potentially reducing fine-fuel loads. We investigated the effects of different fire energies on the herbaceous plant community, together with mammalian wildlife herbivory (exotic and native combined) exclusion, to inform best management practices.

Location: Texas semi-arid savanna, southern Great Plains, USA.

Methods: We conducted an …

Exome-Based New Allele-Specific Pcr Markers And Transferability For Sodicity Tolerance In Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.), Roopali Bhoite, Rosemary Smith, Urmil Bansal, Mirza Dowla, Harbans Bariana, Darshan L. Sharma

Grain and Other Field Crops Research Articles

Targeted exome-based genotype by sequencing (t-GBS), a sequencing technology that tags SNPs and haplotypes in gene-rich regions was used in previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for sodicity tolerance in bread wheat. Thirty-nine novel SNPs including 18 haplotypes for yield and yield-components were identified. The present study aimed at developing SNP-derived markers by precisely locating new SNPs on ~180 bp allelic sequence of t-GBS, marker validation, and SNP functional characterization based on its exonic location. We identified unknown locations of significant SNPs/haplotypes by aligning allelic sequences on to IWGSC RefSeqv1.0 on respective chromosomes. Eighteen out of the target 39 SNP locations …

Comparison Between The Electrical Conductivity Method And Radicle Emergence Test As A Rapid Test Of Sorghum Seed Vigor, Nugraheni, Bambang Pujiasmanto, Samanhudi, Amalia Tetrani Sakya

Jurnal Kultivasi

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) belongs to multipurpose crops. All parts of sorghum can be used both as main products and derivative products; some derivative products produced from the sorghum plant consist of sugar, bioethanol, biomass, handicraft raw materials and starch. This study aims to determine the time required for testing the vigor and viability of sorghum seeds using the electrical conductivity and radicle emergence methods. The study was conducted in two experimental stages using a completely randomized design. The first experiment consisted of two factors: the number of sorghum seeds (40, 70 and 100 grains) and the volume of …

A Review Of Low-Frequency Latex Harvesting Systems That Lessen The Tapper Shortage Problem Of The Smallholders' Natural Rubber Production, Zar Ni Zaw

Jurnal Kultivasi

Smallholders' rubber production is encountering problems of skilled tapper shortage and high production costs resulting from increased worker wages and the substantial growth of new mature areas. Low-frequency latex harvesting system (LFLHS) effectively improves tapper productivity with long-term optimum yield by reducing the tapper requirement. LFLHS reduces tapper requirement by 33% to 67% of the conventional harvesting systems. Under the d3 (tapping every three days) frequency harvesting system, a tapper is assigned to cover three tasks, and his productivity is at least 30% higher than that of the d2 (alternative daily) frequency harvesting system. The cumulative yield of LFLHS is …

Effectiveness Of Modified Nitrogen Fertilizer On Soil Chemical Properties And Rice Plant Growth In The Textile Industrial Area, Rija Sudirja, Santi Rosniawaty, Sri Muji Rahayu, Budy Frasetya Taufik Qurrohman

Jurnal Kultivasi

The imbalance of nutrients and heavy metal contamination is a challenge in increasing plant growth surround the textile industry area. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the dosage of Biologically Agent N Organo Mineral Fertilizer (Biomix-N) as a fertilizer and an ameliorant in paddy soil contaminated with textile liquid waste. This study used a randomized block design of eight treatments with four replications. Parameters observed were soil chemical properties after application of Biomix-N (Na-ex, total N, EC, Cd, and pH), rice plant growth (plant height and tiller number), Cd concentration in the plant, and relative agronomic effectiveness (RAE). …

Response Of Four Local Cassava Accessions To Bio-Mulch Application Time, Bayu Suwitono, Muhamad Achmad Chozin, Dwi Guntoro, Suwarto

Jurnal Kultivasi

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is widely planted on marginal land with low soil fertility. During the initial growth phase, cassava often loses competition against weeds. Legume cover crops are widely used to increase soil fertility, prevent erosion, and suppress weeds. This study aimed to determine the effect of Arachis pintoi bio-mulch application time on the growth and yield of cassava. This study was conducted using a factorial randomized block design. The first factor was four cassava accessions: Ketan Malang, Genjah Bayam, IR Jonggol, and Mangu. The second factor was six levels of bio-mulch planting time: manual weeding (without bio-mulch applications), …

Targeted Sequencing Of The Panicum Miliaceum Gene Space And Genotyping Of Variant Sites From Population Genetics Studies, Combined In A Single Assay, As A Tool For Broomcorn Millet Assisted Breeding, Gabriele Magris, Serena Foria, Silvano Ciani, Dipak K. Santra, Ombretta Polenghi, Virna Cerne, Michele Morgante, Gabriele Di Gaspero

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is a prehistorical cereal, today cultivated as a minor crop with low yields but with a renewed interest for its high water use effciency and gluten-free grains. To reverse the downward trend in broomcorn millet cultivation, the crop needs genetic improvement and creation of novel genetic variation to increase productivity. In order to facilitate genomics-assisted breeding, we designed a reduced representation genome-sequencing assay that investigates 1.8% of the nuclear DNA in a targeted and reproducible way, with an intensity of genomic sampling that is a direct function of local recombination rate. We used this …

Indigenous Lakadong Turmeric Of Meghalaya And Its Future Prospects, Manjit Kumar Ray, Dipak K. Santra, Piyush Kumar Mishra, Saurav Das

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Turmeric (Curcuma longa) has long been used in traditional Indian medicine. India accounts for 80% of total global turmeric production. Lakadong turmeric gets its name from the tiny village of Lakadong, which is located in the foothills of the Jaintia Hills in Meghalaya, India. It is known for having a high curcumin content of more than 7%, as opposed to 2 - 4% in regular varieties. The tribes of this region brought Lakadong turmeric from the forest and domesticated it for medicinal purposes centuries ago. Growth in local coal industries and a gradual decline in the market have …

The Effects Of Application Of Biochar From Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches On Chemical Properties Of Ultisols And The Growth Of Cacao Seedlings, Wulan Kumala Sari, Panji Abdul Malik

Jurnal Kultivasi

It is necessary to redevelop cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) commodity due to the decrease of cacao planting areas in Indonesia since the last decade. One of the ways is by providing a growing medium to produce cacao seedlings with good quality, such as by adding ameliorant i.e., oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) biochar to marginal soil of Ultisols. This research aimed to study and obtain the best OPEFB biochar dose to improve the chemical properties of Ultisols and the growth of cacao seedlings. This research was conducted in the Experimental Field of the 3rd Campus Andalas University from August …

Effectiveness Of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi In Increasing Growth And Yield Of Maize Overlaid On Oil Palm Aged 4 Years, Cucu Suherman, Sri Desi Nurliawati, Mira Ariyanti, Intan Ratna Dewi, Mochamad Arief Soleh

Jurnal Kultivasi

The intercropping system in oil palm plantations is an effort to optimize land, especially at the immature stages (IS), which have a large open space between the trees, so it can be used for cultivating annual crops such as maize. Oil palm trees are generally planted on marginal lands, such as Inceptisol, which generally lacks in phosphor (P). These problems can be reduced by applying arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to elevate P. This experiment was to determine the dosage and effectiveness of AMF that can improve the growth and yield of maize intercropped with a 4-year-old oil palm. The experiment …

Scaling Up Of Site Carbon Dynamics To Predict The Carbon Dynamics In Kazakhstan, Central Asia, B. K. Wylie, Tagir Gilmanov, S. L. Stensaas, N. Z. Saliendra, D. A. Johnson, K. Akshalov, S. B. Frank, L. Zhang, R. F. Doyle, E. A. Laca, Montague W. Demment

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Climate and management determine whether rangelands are net carbon sources or carbon sinks. Regional carbon dynamics of the Kazakh Steppe has not previously been documented. The objective of this study is to quantify the regional carbon flux dynamics of these extensive steppes.

A New System For Plant Experiments On Biodiversity Or Multi-Species Competition, John Connolly, L. Kirwan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Considerable discussion in recent years has focused on the design of competition and biodiversity experiments (Connolly et al., 2001a; Allison, 1999). Few agronomic experiments with >2 plant species have been conducted in greenhouse conditions (Gibson et al, 1999) or in the field (Connolly et al., 2001b). In many experiments the effects of density and initial species size have been confounded. The effects of species richness and evenness also are confounded frequently. The proposed system provides a framework of design and analysis, in which to address questions of function at community level and of structure and competition at …

Native Grasses Seeded Into A Cool-Season Pasture Encouraged By Low Resource Availability, J. E. Doll, R. L. Cates, R. D. Jackson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Native prairie of the Upper Midwest, which was dominated by warm-season (C₄) grasses, now exists as relatively small relict and restored patches (Curtis 1959). Re-introduction of natives into grazed agroecosystems would promote genetic, species, and landscape diversity. Extensive re-introduction of C₄ grasses will require a shift away from the paradigm of maximizing production because C₄ grasses have higher C:N ratios than C₃ grasses rendering them inferior forage species. Nonetheless, there is great interest amongst the grazing community of the Upper Midwest in establishing native grasses as a means of improving wildlife habitat and increasing belowground …