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2023

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Articles 1111 - 1140 of 1788

Full-Text Articles in Agronomy and Crop Sciences

Concurrent Selection For Low Coumarin And Multi-Stemmed Crowns In Annual Sweetclover, Gerald R. Smith, G. W. Evers Apr 2023

Concurrent Selection For Low Coumarin And Multi-Stemmed Crowns In Annual Sweetclover, Gerald R. Smith, G. W. Evers

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Annual sweetclover (Melilotus alba Desr) is a reseeding, drought tolerant forage legume that is well adapted to the alkaline and neutral soils of the US Southern Great Plains. Coumarin is a phytochemical found in sweetclover that is a precursor to dicoumarol, which causes a toxic bleeding disease in cattle. The inheritance of low coumarin in sweetclover is determined by a single gene (Goplen et al., 1957), but current low coumarin cultivars are all biennial, northern types. The ability of annual sweetclover to develop a multi-stemmed crown, similar to alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), is also under genetic control …

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Improving The Utilisation Of Germplasm Of Trifolium Spumosum L. By The Development Of A Core Collection Using Ecogeographical And Molecular Techniques, K. Ghamkhar, R. Snowball, S. J. Bennett Apr 2023

Improving The Utilisation Of Germplasm Of Trifolium Spumosum L. By The Development Of A Core Collection Using Ecogeographical And Molecular Techniques, K. Ghamkhar, R. Snowball, S. J. Bennett

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A core collection is a sub-set encompassing more than 70% of the variability of all accessions held in a collection (Brown 1995), the development of one for Trifolium spumosum (bladder clover) could assist in future development of the cultivar within southern Australia. The aim of this work is to develop a core collection of Trifolium spumosum as a model for other pasture legume species using molecular and ecogeographical data.

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Evaluation Of White Clover Breeding Lines In The Australasian Region, Mohamed Z. Z. Jahufer, D. R. Woodfield, J. L. Ford, K. H. Widdup, J. F. Ayres, L. A. Lane Apr 2023

Evaluation Of White Clover Breeding Lines In The Australasian Region, Mohamed Z. Z. Jahufer, D. R. Woodfield, J. L. Ford, K. H. Widdup, J. F. Ayres, L. A. Lane

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The accuracy of predicting breeding line performance across target environments is a significant criterion in the development of cultivars with broad or specific adaptation. This paper characterises the type and magnitude of genotype-by-environment (GE) interactions estimated from a multi-site white clover (Trifolium repens L.) breeding line evaluation trial conducted across sites in New Zealand and Australia.

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Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis Of Morphogenetic And Developmental Traits In An Ssr And Aflp-Based Genetic Map Of White Clover (Trifolium Repens L.), M. T. Abberton, N. O. I. Cogan, K. F. Smith, G. Kearney, A. H. Marshall, A. Williams, T. P. T. Michaelson-Yeates, C. Bowen, E. S. Jones, A. C. Vecchies, J. W. Forster Apr 2023

Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis Of Morphogenetic And Developmental Traits In An Ssr And Aflp-Based Genetic Map Of White Clover (Trifolium Repens L.), M. T. Abberton, N. O. I. Cogan, K. F. Smith, G. Kearney, A. H. Marshall, A. Williams, T. P. T. Michaelson-Yeates, C. Bowen, E. S. Jones, A. C. Vecchies, J. W. Forster

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Molecular marker-assisted plant breeding is a key target for the temperate legume pasture crop white clover (Trifolium repens L.). The first genetic linkage map of white clover has been constructed using self-fertile mutants to derive an intercross based fourth and fifth generation inbred parental genotypes (F2[I.4R x I.5J]). The framework map was constructed using simple sequence repeat (TRSSR) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Eighteen linkage groups (LG) corresponding to the anticipated 16 chromosomes of white clover (2n = 4x = 32), with a total map length of 825 cM were derived from a total of …

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Quantifying The Variation In Protein Content In White Clover (Trifolium Repens L.), A. H. Marshall, E. Sizer, A. Kingston-Smith, A. Williams, M. T. Abberton Apr 2023

Quantifying The Variation In Protein Content In White Clover (Trifolium Repens L.), A. H. Marshall, E. Sizer, A. Kingston-Smith, A. Williams, M. T. Abberton

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is the main legume in temperate pastures. It has relatively low levels of water-soluble carbohydrate but produces forage of high quality with a high crude protein (CP) content and dry-matter digestibility (Beever, 1993). Some studies have suggested that the forage quality of white clover can be problematic because its high CP content may contribute to inefficient use of nitrogen in the rumen and exacerbate diffuse pollution via excreta (Waghorn & Caradus, 1994). The development of white clover germplasm with lower CP content would potentially benefit forage production and grassland management. A study was carried …

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New Approaches To Clover Breeding, M. T. Abberton, T. A. Williams, T. P. T. Michaelson-Yeates, A. H. Marshall, C. Jones, E. Sizer-Coverdale, R. P. Collins Apr 2023

New Approaches To Clover Breeding, M. T. Abberton, T. A. Williams, T. P. T. Michaelson-Yeates, A. H. Marshall, C. Jones, E. Sizer-Coverdale, R. P. Collins

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

White clover (Trifolium repens L.) and red clover (T. pratense) are the major forage legumes of temperate pastures. Breeding efforts have focused on overcoming the constraints to productivity and reliability in this species and thereby optimising their contribution to mixed swards. In recent years there has been an increased emphasis on livestock production and the efficient utilisation of forage material in the rumen. In this paper we report on a shift in the aims of forage legume breeding at IGER, building on a strong agronomic platform but giving greater consideration to the environmental footprint of our varieties …

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Forage Quality Of White Clover (Trifolium Repens L.) X Ball Clover (T.Nigrescens Viv.) Hybrids Over Three Harvest Years, T. P. T. Michaelson-Yeates, M. T. Abberton, A. H. Marshall, T. A. Williams, H. G. Powell, P. Olyott Apr 2023

Forage Quality Of White Clover (Trifolium Repens L.) X Ball Clover (T.Nigrescens Viv.) Hybrids Over Three Harvest Years, T. P. T. Michaelson-Yeates, M. T. Abberton, A. H. Marshall, T. A. Williams, H. G. Powell, P. Olyott

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Introgression of reproductive traits from the annual, profusely flowering species ball clover into white clover is one route to improve seed yields in T.repens. The interspecific cross produced F1, backcross 1 (BC1), backcross 2 (BC2) and backcross 3 (BC3) plants with white clover as recurrent parent (Marshall et al., 2002). These hybrids were found to be comparable with white clover for yield and persistency but produced 30% more flowers and their forage quality, relative to white clover was investigated.

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Forage Quality Of White Clover (Trifolium Repens L.) X Caucasian Clover (T.Ambiguum Bieb.) Hybrids Over Three Harvest Years, T. P. T. Michaelson-Yeates, A. H. Marshall, M. T. Abberton, T. A. Williams, P. Olyott, H. G. Powell Apr 2023

Forage Quality Of White Clover (Trifolium Repens L.) X Caucasian Clover (T.Ambiguum Bieb.) Hybrids Over Three Harvest Years, T. P. T. Michaelson-Yeates, A. H. Marshall, M. T. Abberton, T. A. Williams, P. Olyott, H. G. Powell

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Interspecific hybrids have been produced from crosses of white clover, a stoloniferous species with Caucasian clover, a rhizomatous species. Using white clover as the recurrent parent first and second generation backcross (BC1 and BC2) plants have been produced that have both rhizomes and stolons and are more drought tolerant than white clover (Marshall et al., 2001). Forage quality of these interspecific hybrids was investigated to determine whether introgression of the rhizomatous trait has any impact on forage quality.

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Breeding White Clover With Improved Tolerance Of Nitrogen Fertiliser, T. A. Williams, M. T. Abberton, P. Olyott Apr 2023

Breeding White Clover With Improved Tolerance Of Nitrogen Fertiliser, T. A. Williams, M. T. Abberton, P. Olyott

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is often considered a forage legume with a primary use in 'low input/ low output' systems. One facet of this is the perception that the persistency of this species is poor when Nitrogen (N) fertiliser is applied. However, new varieties of white clover are able to play a significant role in highly productive systems (Williams et al., 2000) and show consistent yields over ten years at a range of applied N levels (Williams et al., 2003). Germplasm improvement for nitrogen tolerance has been carried out with the aim of not only allowing white …

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Evaluation Of A White Clover Variety With Increased Resistance To Stem Nematode (Ditylenchus Dipsaci) Under Sheep Grazing And Cutting, T. A. Williams, M. T. Abberton, K. A. Mizen, P. Olyott, R. Cook Apr 2023

Evaluation Of A White Clover Variety With Increased Resistance To Stem Nematode (Ditylenchus Dipsaci) Under Sheep Grazing And Cutting, T. A. Williams, M. T. Abberton, K. A. Mizen, P. Olyott, R. Cook

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Stem nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn) Filipjev) is a major pest of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in UK pastures (Cook et al., 1992a) and in other parts of the world. In a previous trial, resistant and susceptible selections yielded the same in three years in the absence of the nematode but, on infested plots, the susceptible yielded the same as the resistant selection in year 1 but only 68 and 58% in years 2 and 3, as the nematode infestation increased (Cook et al., 1992b). We have now developed varieties with enhanced resistance to this pest …

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Relationships Between Nitrogenase Activity, Dry Forage And Water Soluble Carbohydrates Content Of Selected Red Clover Genotypes, T. Simon, H. Jakesova Apr 2023

Relationships Between Nitrogenase Activity, Dry Forage And Water Soluble Carbohydrates Content Of Selected Red Clover Genotypes, T. Simon, H. Jakesova

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Improving N2 fixation of perennial forage legumes through selection and breeding reduce reliance on soil N and N fertiliser, whilst enhancing residual benefits to subsequent crops and increasing legume forage dry matter (DM) yield. Simultaneously with the selection for enhanced N fixation, new legume genotypes should be evaluated on forage quality, especially nutrient concentration and dry matter digestibility.

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Evaluation Of Lucerne Cultivars For Dry Matter And Seed Production In Latvia, S. Rancane, M. Sparnina Apr 2023

Evaluation Of Lucerne Cultivars For Dry Matter And Seed Production In Latvia, S. Rancane, M. Sparnina

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Lucerne is highly productivity and has a high quality. Nevertheless, lucerne growing in Latvia is limited, because of a large area of acid soils (pHKCl<5.8) as well as low and unstable seed yields (Berzins, 2002). In recent years lucerne has taken a more important place in forage production in Latvia, because it is a fast growing crop and in good years gives 3-4 harvests per season. It is important to determine which cultivars of lucerne are more productive and give good seed yields every year in Latvia (Luksa, 2002).

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Factor Analysis Of Components Of Yield And Quality Traits In Lucerne (Medicago Sativa), A. A. Jafari, A. Ghamari Zare Apr 2023

Factor Analysis Of Components Of Yield And Quality Traits In Lucerne (Medicago Sativa), A. A. Jafari, A. Ghamari Zare

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Lucerne (Medicago sativa) originated from Iran and is one of the most important forage species in this country. The improvement in yield and quality traits are important objectives in breeding programmes. Smith et al. (1997) indicated that in the context of dairy production ranked digestibility was the most important criterion whilst high crude protein and low fibre content were of moderate priority. This study sought to determine the dependence relationships between yield, morphological and quality traits in 64 genotypes.

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Genetic Variability In Different Lucerne (Medicago Sativa) Genotypes, V. Mikić, J. Radović, Z. Lugić, D. Lazarević Apr 2023

Genetic Variability In Different Lucerne (Medicago Sativa) Genotypes, V. Mikić, J. Radović, Z. Lugić, D. Lazarević

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

One of the basic goals of modern lucerne breeding programmes is creation of new cultivars with a great potential for high quality and stable yields of both forage and hay (Riday & Brummer, 2002). Such cultivars meet increased needs of animal husbandry and must contribute to diverse farming systems (Luki , 2000). Our trial was aimed at determining genetic variability of yield components in 7 lucerne genotypes, as well as at evaluation of their breeding potential as gene donors to new lucerne cultivars

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Aluminum Tolerance In The Model Legume Medicago Truncatula, M. K. Sledge, B. Narasimhamoorthy, P. Pechter, J. H. Bouton Apr 2023

Aluminum Tolerance In The Model Legume Medicago Truncatula, M. K. Sledge, B. Narasimhamoorthy, P. Pechter, J. H. Bouton

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Aluminum (Al) is the most abundant metal found in the earth's crust, comprising up to 7% of its mass. At low pH, Al becomes soluble and available to plants, resulting in inhibition of root elongation and reduced plant growth. Aluminum toxicity associated with acid soils has been a major obstacle in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) production. The objective of this study is to identify genes that are differentially expressed under normal and Al stress conditions in the model legume M. truncatula, with the long term goal of using these genes to improve cultivated alfalfa.

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Persistence And Yield Of Ten Lucerne Cultivars Under Dryland And Heavy Continuous Grazing In The Western Cape Province Of South Africa, J. M. Van Heerden Apr 2023

Persistence And Yield Of Ten Lucerne Cultivars Under Dryland And Heavy Continuous Grazing In The Western Cape Province Of South Africa, J. M. Van Heerden

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Pastures in the Rûens region of the Western Cape are mainly legume based with lucerne being the most important and productive legume used (van Heerden & Tainton, 1987). Most pastures are sown to the land race cultivar SA Standard (SAS). Grazing resistance of SAS is high, but relative to other imported cultivars resistance to endemic insect and other pests is poor. This study therefore involves the evaluation for yield and persistence of nine new cultivars compared to SAS under local grazing conditions.

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The Genetic Charactaristic Of Salt Tolerance At The Stage Of Seed Germination In Lucerne, H. Zhou, Q. Yang Apr 2023

The Genetic Charactaristic Of Salt Tolerance At The Stage Of Seed Germination In Lucerne, H. Zhou, Q. Yang

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Superweak luminescence exists in all animal and plants; it shows important genetic information. We report the relationship between superweak luminescence and genetic characteristics to salt resistant in lucerne (Medicago sativa). The method can quickly and exactly evaluate the salt-resistance of plants.

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Molecular Clone Of The Na+/H+ Antiporter Gene Atnhx1 And Study Of Transgenic Salt Tolerant Lucerne, Q. Yang, H. Zhou, Y. N. Tongquan Apr 2023

Molecular Clone Of The Na+/H+ Antiporter Gene Atnhx1 And Study Of Transgenic Salt Tolerant Lucerne, Q. Yang, H. Zhou, Y. N. Tongquan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Lucerne (Medicago sativa) with its good quality and ease of cultivation occupies an important position in animal feeding. Salinity is a major constraint of crop productivity, because it reduces yield and limits expansion of agriculture. Na+ /H+ antiporter catalyses the counter transport of Na+ and H+ across membranes. Vacuolar Na+ /H+ antiporter plays an important role in developing salt-tolerance of plants. Therefore, we could use the gene involved in this mechanism to modify salt tolerance of lucerne.

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Leaves Of High Yielding Perennial Ryegrass Contain Less Aggregated Rubisco Than S23, A. Kingston-Smith, P. W. Wilkins Apr 2023

Leaves Of High Yielding Perennial Ryegrass Contain Less Aggregated Rubisco Than S23, A. Kingston-Smith, P. W. Wilkins

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Breeding diploid perennial ryegrass for improved dry matter yield under nitrogen-limiting conditions has reduced the nitrogen (N) concentration of the herbage (Wilkins et al., 2003). Reduced N concentration in the ruminant diet is one potential way to reduce losses of N to the environment by reducing the amount of N that animals excrete. The underlying physiological basis of this increased N-use efficiency in ryegrass was investigated.

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Thoughts On Breeding For Increased Forage Yield, E. C. Brummer Apr 2023

Thoughts On Breeding For Increased Forage Yield, E. C. Brummer

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Most forage crops have not experienced yield gains as impressive as those observed in annual grains crops such as maize (Zea mays L); in fact, yield improvement in lucerne appears to have stopped in the Midwestern USA (Riday and Brummer, 2002). I contend that much of this disparity can be explained by a failure of breeders to pursue long term recurrent selection programs within populations to capitalize on small, incremental improvements in yield over time. Many selection programs last only two or three cycles, resulting in a germplasm or cultivar release. Either no further selection is attempted or the …

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Effects Of A Recurrent Selection Scheme, Applied To An Interspecific Hybrid Pennisetum Purpureum Schum. (Elephantgrass) X Pennisetum Glaucum (L.) R. Br. Stuntz (Pearl Millet), On Several Seed Quality Parameters, R. Usberti, J. A. Usberti Jr., R. H. Aguiar, L. M. T. A. Carneiro, J. B. Fantinati, F. G. Francisco Apr 2023

Effects Of A Recurrent Selection Scheme, Applied To An Interspecific Hybrid Pennisetum Purpureum Schum. (Elephantgrass) X Pennisetum Glaucum (L.) R. Br. Stuntz (Pearl Millet), On Several Seed Quality Parameters, R. Usberti, J. A. Usberti Jr., R. H. Aguiar, L. M. T. A. Carneiro, J. B. Fantinati, F. G. Francisco

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Elephantgrass cultivars and introductions show practically no viable pure seeds and their uses in cultivated grasslands are exclusively dependent on vegetative propagation. Therefore, in large areas, sowing operation costs make unfeasible setting up new pastures. On the other hand, pearl millet is a high seed producer species though presenting some forage constraints (poor forage production, low regrowth potential after cutting or grazing and low field persistence). Recently, an hexaploid interespecific hybrid between the two species was developed (Schank & Diz, 1996), which is able to produce viable pure seeds, in variable amounts according to the genotype considered (Diz & Schank, …

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Participatory Collection Of Forage Species In Uruguay, Mónica Rebuffo, Federico Condon, María José Cuitiño Apr 2023

Participatory Collection Of Forage Species In Uruguay, Mónica Rebuffo, Federico Condon, María José Cuitiño

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Local landraces are potential valuable gene sources with benefits for local agriculture. However, their in situ conservation depends on the personal motivation of farmers and the permanence of traditional farming methods (Negri, 2003). There is the latent risk of loosing landraces and site-specific naturalized germplasm due to rapid socio-economic changes in Uruguayan agriculture. Participatory conservation can provide the necessary synergy between farmers, extension services, geneticists and genebank to achieve the goal of conserving these genetic resources. Although farmers' involvement in germplasm collection is common, particularly for vegetable crops, most forage collections had been done from fields or sideroad areas, therefore …

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Analyses Of Genetic Change In Grass-Clover Based Systems Over Time, A. Ghesquiere, K. Mehdikhanlov, M. Malengier, J. De Riek Apr 2023

Analyses Of Genetic Change In Grass-Clover Based Systems Over Time, A. Ghesquiere, K. Mehdikhanlov, M. Malengier, J. De Riek

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Since the use of nitrogen fertilisers is reduced, swards based on grass-clover mixtures regain importance in grassland production. Management of these swards is more complicated than the management of pure grass swards. The population structure will develop in response to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this study we will test the genetic change in the clover components of grass-clover mixtures.

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Genetic Diversity In Festuca Species As Shown By Aflp, X. Q. Zhang, S. S. Bughrara Apr 2023

Genetic Diversity In Festuca Species As Shown By Aflp, X. Q. Zhang, S. S. Bughrara

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Fescues (Festuca spp.) are widely occurring temperate grasses with more than 450 species that represent a vast resource for genetic improvement of turfgrass and forage cultivars. Fescues are normally outcrossing species and exhibit many ploidy levels(x=7). Much of the work in classification of Festuca is predominantly based on morphological and cytological features. Difficulties in morphological characterization, which are largely subjected to environmental influences, have resulted in many synonymous species and uncertainties in phylogenetic relationships. DNA fingerprinting is considered a more stable and reliable technique to explore genetic diversity and relationships.

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Does Aflp Diversity Reflect Consanguinity Within Meadow Fescue Breeding Material?, B. Boller, R. Kölliker Apr 2023

Does Aflp Diversity Reflect Consanguinity Within Meadow Fescue Breeding Material?, B. Boller, R. Kölliker

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Cultivars of perennial grass species are usually synthetics with a limited number of constituent parental clones, prone to inbreeding depression. Plant breeders aim at a balance between intensity of selection and maintenance of genetic diversity when making their choice of parent clones in an intuitive way, aided by fragmentary pedigree information. Molecular markers offer new opportunities for assessing genetic diversity among selected plants. The objective of the investigation presented here is to check if the genetic distance as measured by AFLP polymorphisms reflects consanguinity among Festuca pratensis individuals from our breeding programme.

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Genetic Variability Between Adapted Populations Of Annual Ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum Lam) In Argentina, A. Andrés, B. S. Rosso, J. De Battista, M. Acuña Apr 2023

Genetic Variability Between Adapted Populations Of Annual Ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum Lam) In Argentina, A. Andrés, B. S. Rosso, J. De Battista, M. Acuña

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is one of the most important annual grasses used in Argentina because it adapts better to the intensive animal system of the Humid Pampas than other annual forage grass. Although much research has been done to study its productive potential and management technologies, little work has focused on breeding and selection. There is ample evidence that genetic variability occurs within grass species (Snaydon, 1987; Andrés and Barufaldi, 1997) both in morphology and physiology. As a result the variation of attributes related with yield potential, quality and adaptation to different management systems, is often used …

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Analysis Of Genetic Changes In Single-Variety Ryegrass Swards, C. Straub, G. Boutet, Christian Huyghe Apr 2023

Analysis Of Genetic Changes In Single-Variety Ryegrass Swards, C. Straub, G. Boutet, Christian Huyghe

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Ryegrass varieties are synthetics, with a wide within-variety genetic variance for most traits. Ryegrass swards are likely to experience genetic changes with seasons and years because of plant death, asymmetric vegetative reproduction or plant recruitment through reproduction or seed immigration. These changes may be related to or induce changes in agronomic traits, such as biomass production or dry matter composition. The present research was undertaken to measure genetic changes in swards obtained from sowings of a single variety of ryegrass. These changes were evaluated using both neutral molecular markers and morphological traits. The present paper deals with the molecular markers.

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Population Genetics Of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne L.): Differentiation Of Pasture And Turf Cultivars, M. P. Dobrowolski, N. R. Bannan, R. C. Ponting, J. W. Forster, K. F. Smith Apr 2023

Population Genetics Of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne L.): Differentiation Of Pasture And Turf Cultivars, M. P. Dobrowolski, N. R. Bannan, R. C. Ponting, J. W. Forster, K. F. Smith

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Cultivar differentiation using molecular markers to assess genetic variation may be of value in obtaining or protecting plant breeders rights. A knowledge of genetic variation and how it is structured within perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) populations will also help us understand the consequences to fitness and adaptation when implementing molecular breeding strategies. In a study of the population genetic structure of a number of perennial ryegrass varieties we examined the cultivar differentiation potential of marker technology.

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Genetic Diversity And Heterosis In Perennial Ryegrass, U. K. Posselt Apr 2023

Genetic Diversity And Heterosis In Perennial Ryegrass, U. K. Posselt

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Plant breeders are concerned with the diversity among and within breeding populations, because it largely determines the future prospects of success in breeding programs. DNA markers provide a powerful tool for the assessment of genetic diversity. The relationship between genetic diversity and heterosis has been investigated in several species (Melchinger, 1999). In hybrid breeding programs divergent genepools have been established in the past, according to heterotic patterns based on testcross information. In the last decade it has been shown, that new breeding materials can be assigned to already existing gene pools using molecular markers. The phenomenon of heterosis has been …

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Tracing The Origins Of Timothy Species (Phleum Sp.), A. V. Stewart, A. Joachimiak, N. W. Ellison Apr 2023

Tracing The Origins Of Timothy Species (Phleum Sp.), A. V. Stewart, A. Joachimiak, N. W. Ellison

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The section Phleum of the genus Phleum contains 3 species groups and, depending on the taxonomic classification used, these may be treated as 3 or 6 individual species (Joachimiak & Kula, 1997; Joachimiak, 2004). Firstly, there is the P. pratense group consisting of a series of diploid, tetraploid, hexaploid and octoploid forms. The diploid (2n=14) is usually known as Phleum bertolonii (syn. P. pratense spp bertolonii: syn P. nodosum) and/or P. hubbardii, while the tetraploid, hexaploid and octoploid are known as P. pratense. Secondly there is the P. alpinum group consisting of 2 contrasting diploid species, …

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