Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons^™

Soil And Plant Property Differences Among High-Yield Soybean Areas In Arkansas, Taylor Cass Adams

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Continued achievement of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yields greater than 6719 kg ha-1 (100 bu ac-1) will depend on decreasing the yield gap, which is contingent on gathering more information regarding the soil physical, chemical, and microbiological environment and the main plant factors contributing to high-yield soybean. Therefore, understanding the main factor differences between high- and average-yield areas may provide insight for making management decisions to increase yields. The objectives of this study were i) to evaluate the effects of region and soil depth on soil property differences between high- and average-soybean-yielding areas, ii) to determine which soil properties …

Effects Of Harvest Conditions And Thickness Fractionation On Physicochemical Properties, Cooking And Sensory Characteristics Of Long Grain Rice, Sara Esther Jarma Arroyo

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Previous research has demonstrated the extensive impacts of various environmental and processing conditions on rice milling and processing characteristics. Nevertheless, little is known about the influences of these conditions on cooking and sensory qualities of rice. The present study aimed to determine the impact of cultivating location, harvest moisture content (HMC), and thickness fractionation on the physicochemical properties, and cooking and sensory characteristics of long-grain rice. Four long-grain rice cultivars (purelines: Cheniere and V3501, and hybrids: XP760 and XL753) were cultivated at Harrisburg, AR and Alvin, TX, and harvested at three HMC. Rough rice lots were conditioned and a portion …

Liming Characteristics Of A High-Calcium, Dry Flue Gas Desulfurization By-Product And Its Effects On Runoff Water Quality, Jason Richard Burgess-Conforti

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

In 2013, only 37% of the 32 million Mg of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) by-products generated in the United States were reused beneficially. If FGD by-products could be used as a beneficial soil amendment, millions of megagrams may be diverted away from surface impoundments and landfills. The purpose of this research was to identify the liming characteristics of a high-Ca dry FGD (DFGD) by-product in comparison to a Class-C fly ash (FA) and reagent-grade CaCO3, and to evaluate the effects of land application to a managed grassland on runoff, plant, and soil quality. Liming characteristics were determined by measuring the …

Cover Crop Establishment And Potential Benefits To Arkansas Farmers, Ashley Elizabeth Humphreys

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Soybean farmers in Arkansas need best management practices (BMPs) that maximize the benefits of using cover crops including planting date and fertilization recommendations. An evaluation of cover crop species, planting dates, seeding rates, fertilizer rates, and N accumulation aids in providing these BMPs. The first objective of this research is to assess the effect of planting date on biomass production, as well as looking at the interaction of seeding rate or fertilizer rate for legumes or non-legumes, respectively, using Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum), cereal rye (Secale cereale), black oats (Avena strigosa), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and tillage radish (Raphanus sativus). …

Adjustment And Optimization Of The Cropping Systems Under Water Constraint, Pingli An, Wei Ren, Xiliin Liu, Mengmei Song, Xuemin Li

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

The water constraint on agricultural production receives growing concern with the increasingly sharp contradiction between demand and supply of water resources. How to mitigate and adapt to potential water constraint is one of the key issues for ensuring food security and achieving sustainable agriculture in the context of climate change. It has been suggested that adjustment and optimization of cropping systems could be an effective measure to improve water management and ensure food security. However, a knowledge gap still exists in how to quantify potential water constraint and how to select appropriate cropping systems. Here, we proposed a concept of …

Perspectives On The Development Of A Local Food System: The Case Of Dayton, Ohio, Diana Cuy Castellanos, John C. Jones, Joanne Christaldi, Katherine A. Liutkus

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

Multiple sectors play vital roles in a community’s development and maintenance of a sustainable local food system. This study explored the perceptions of twenty-two representatives from the civil society, public, and private sectors in Dayton, Ohio, about the development of the region’s local food system. The researchers employed grounded theory methodology for data collection and analysis. Core themes from the participants of each sector group emerged from the data and areas of convergence and divergence among groups were reported.

Arkansas Corn And Grain Sorghum Peformance Tests 2016, R. D. Bond, J. A. Still, D. G. Dombek

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Corn and grain sorghum performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture. The tests provide information to companies marketing seed within the state, and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating recommendations for producers.

Modeling Long-Term Corn Yield Response To Nitrogen Rate And Crop Rotation, Laila A. Puntel, John E. Sawyer, Daniel W. Barker, Ranae Dietzel, Hanna Poffenbarger, Michael J. Castellano, Kenneth J. Moore, Peter J. Thorburn, Sotirios V. Archontoulis

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Improved prediction of optimal N fertilizer rates for corn (Zea mays L.) can reduce N losses and increase profits. We tested the ability of the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) to simulate corn and soybean (Glycine max L.) yields, the economic optimum N rate (EONR) using a 16-year field-experiment dataset from central Iowa, USA that included two crop sequences (continuous corn and soybean-corn) and five N fertilizer rates (0, 67, 134, 201, and 268 kg N ha^-1) applied to corn. Our objectives were to: (a) quantify model prediction accuracy before and after calibration, and report calibration steps; (b) …

Apple Tree Responses To Deficit Irrigation Combined With Periodic Applications Of Particle Film Or Abscisic Acid, Khalid M. Al-Absi, Douglas D. Archbold

Horticulture Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to determine if the application of two antitranspirant compounds would moderate water deficit stress effects on physiological responses of “Granny Smith”, “Royal Gala” and “Golden Delicious” apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees on MM106 rootstock that occur during deficit irrigation. Uniform trees were grown in pots under water supply regimes of 30%, 60%, and 80% depletion of available water (DAW) before irrigation to runoff and received applications of kaolin particle film (PF) or abscisic acid (ABA) at 0, 30 and 60 days. At 120 days, genotype and deficit irrigation affected nearly all leaf traits, …

Characterization And Development Mechanism Of Apios Americana Tuber Starch, Hanyu Yangchen, Vikas Belamkar, Steven B. Cannon, Jay-Lin Jane

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Apios americana is a wild legume-bearing plant with edible tubers. Domestication of Apios is in progress because of the superior nutritional value and health benefits of the tuber. Objectives of this study were to: (1) characterize physicochemical properties of the Apios tuber starch; and (2) understand differences in starch structures and properties between the mother (seed) and child (progeny) tubers and the mechanism of starch development. Granules of the Apios tuber starch displayed ellipsoidal, rod, or kidney shape with diameter ranges of 1–30 m. The mother tuber starches displayed greater percentage crystallinity, larger gelatinization enthalpy-changes, longer branch-chain lengths of amylopectin, …

Genomics-Assisted Characterization Of A Breeding Collection Of Apios Americana, An Edible Tuberous Legume, Vikas Belamkar, Andrew Farmer, Nathan T. Weeks, Scott R. Kalberer, William J. Blackmon, Steven B. Cannon

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

For species with potential as new crops, rapid improvement may be facilitated by new genomic methods. Apios (Apios americana Medik.), once a staple food source of Native American Indians, produces protein-rich tubers, tolerates a wide range of soils, and symbiotically fixes nitrogen. We report the first high-quality de novo transcriptome assembly, an expression atlas, and a set of 58,154 SNP and 39,609 gene expression markers (GEMs) for characterization of a breeding collection. Both SNPs and GEMs identify six genotypic clusters in the collection. Transcripts mapped to the Phaseolus vulgaris genome–another phaseoloid legume with the same chromosome number–provide provisional genetic …

Plants Having Increased Bomass And Methods For Making The Same, Aleel K. Grennan, Donald R. Ort, Stephen Patrick Moose, Damla D. Bilgin, Thomas Clemente, Fredy Altpeter, Stephen P. Long

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The impact of plastid size change in both monocot and dicot plants has been examined. In both, when plastid size is increased there is an increase in biomass relative to the parental lines. Thus, provided herein are methods for increasing the biomass of a plant, comprising decreasing the expression of at least one plastid division protein in a plant. Optionally, the level of chlorophyll in the plant is also reduced.

Rabbit Control: Bait Stations, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Biosecurity factsheets

This factsheet provides information on using bait stations for rabbit control.

Biological control agents such as the myxoma virus (myxomatosis), and rabbit haemorraghic disease virus (RHDV) or rabbit calicivirus disease, will not provide ‘magic bullets’ for reducing the impact of rabbits on agricultural production and the environment. Biological agents are more effective when they form part of an integrated approach to rabbit control. An integrated approach should use all available control options, including biological control, the use of vertebrate pesticides, shooting, and trapping programs. Control programs are most effective when they include the greatest number of properties possible (that is, …

Spatial And Temporal Variability Of Mid-South Cotton Grown On Heterogeneous Soils With Cereal Cover Crops In Northeast Arkansas, Erin Jane Kelly

Student Theses and Dissertations

The Mississippi Alluvial Plain has some of the most productive landscape for production agriculture in the world. This area also is known for highly variable soil within agricultural fields. In response to high input costs, many Midsouth cotton producers seek to improve input use efficiency using precision agriculture approaches including use of site-specific application of fertilizers, seed and other inputs directed at sub-regions of spatially variable fields. These sub-regions are known as management zones. One barrier to producer adoption of this type of site-specific management is a lack of practical guidelines for defining management zones tailored for the Midsouth region. …

Economic Contribution Of The Agricultural Sector To The Arkansas Economy In 1997-2014, Leah English, Jennie Popp, Wayne Miller

AAES Research Reports and Research Bulletins

Agricultural production, processing, and retail industries are major contributors to the Arkansas economy in terms of GDP. Agriculture contributes to the economy through direct agricultural production, value-added processing, and agricultural retail activities.

2017 Barley Variety Sowing Guide For Western Australia, Blakely Paynter, Georgia Trainor

Bulletins 4000 -

This variety guide is designed as a reference to help determine which barley variety to grow in your region. It provides market feedback, relative grain yield comparisons, disease ratings, agronomic information and herbicide tolerance ratings for all malt and food barley varieties segregated in Western Australia (WA) and selected feed varieties (Tables 1-9; Figures 1-7).

Summaries Of Arkansas Cotton Research 2015, Derrick M. Oosterhuis

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

No abstract provided.

Agronomic Options For Profitable Rice-Based Farming System In Northern Australia, Siva Sivapalan

Books & book chapters

Minimum air temperatures less than 15°C had biggest impact on varietal performance. Cold damage during the months of June and July warrants selection of varieties with cold tolerance for this environment, especially for the aerobic rice system. Ponded water has 4-8°C advantage over the air temperature, thus providing some protection against such cold damage. This has resulted in higher yields under flooded system. Planting dates, varying from late-February to late-May, were found to play a crucial role for plants to escape the low temperature damage at critical growth stages. Among the varieties tested, selected tropical varieties yielded higher than the …

Pupuk Anorganik Sebagai Alternatif Media Untuk Pertumbuhan Eksplan Nilam (Pogostemon Cablin Benth) Kultivar Sidikalang Dan Tapaktuan Secara In-Vitro, Suseno Amien, M. F. Wiguna

Jurnal Kultivasi

Kultur jaringan selama ini dipahami oleh sebagian masyarakat merupakan suatu teknologi yang mahal, terutama dalam menyediakan bahan kimia untuk media. Hasil percobaan sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa percobaan dengan media pupuk anorganik dapat digunakan sebagi media tanam in-vitro. Namun media tersebut belum diteliti secara rinci manfaatnya untuk tanaman nilam. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memperoleh media pupuk anorganik yang sesuai untuk pertumbuhan kultivar nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth) Sidikalang dan Tapak Tuan. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium teknologi kultur jaringan Pemuliaan Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran dari bulan Mei sampai Agustus 2010. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial dengan dua faktor perlakuan …

Pengujian Sensitivias Kekeringan Dan Daya Adaptasi Tujuh Varieas Padi Di Wilayah Dataran Medium Jatinangor, Ruminta, Santi Rosniawaty, Agus Wahyudin

Jurnal Kultivasi

Telah dilakukan pengujian sensitivitas kekeringan, daya adaptasi, dan produkstivitas tujuh varietas padi di wilayah dataran medium Jatinangor. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji sensitivitas kekeringan, daya adaptasi, dan produktivitas tujuh varietas tanaman padi untuk mendapatkan varietas padi unggul yang tahan kekeringan dan memiliki daya hasil tinggi yang akan dikembangkan pada lahan sawah dataran medium. Penelitian ini dirancang dalam bentuk eksperimen Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 14 perlakuan dan ulangan 3 kali. Perlakuan yang diuji merupakan kombinasi dari 7 varietas tanaman padi (Ciherang, Inpari 10, IR 64, Mekongga, Sintanur, Situ Bagendit, dan Towuti) dan 2 pemberian air (macak-macak dan intermiten). Hasil penelitian …

Pengaruh Tanaman Penutup Tanah Nephrolepis Biserrata Dan Teras Gulud Terhadap Aliran Permukaan Dan Pertumbuhan Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.), Mira Ariyanti, S. Yahya, K. Murtilaksono, Suwarto, Hasril Hasan Siregar

Jurnal Kultivasi

Penanaman tanaman penutup tanah (TPT) dikategorikan sebagai kegiatan yang mendukung ISPO (Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil System) yaitu pemeliharaan tanaman dalam mendukung produktivitas tanaman. Nephrolepis biserrata merupakan salah satu gulma yang banyak tumbuh di kebun kelapa sawit, toleran naungan sehingga dapat ditanam sebagai TPT di areal kebun kelapa sawit menghasilkan. Secara mekanik, diaplikasikan teras gulud sebagai bangunan konservasi yang merupakan paduan penanaman TPT dalam mengurangi aliran permukaan, meningkatkan resapan air ke dalam tanah sehingga mendukung pertumbuhan dan produksi kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui berapa besar N.biserrata dan teras gulud mengurangi aliran permukaan dan pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan kelapa sawit. Penelitian dilakukan …

Pengaruh Berbagai Dosis Pupuk Silika Organik Dan Tingkat Kekerasan Biji Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Hanjeli Pulut (Coix Lacryma- Jobi.L) Genotip 37”, Tati Nurmala, Anni Yuniarti, N. Syahfitri

Jurnal Kultivasi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dosis silika organik dan tingkat kekerasan biji yang dapat memberikan pengaruh terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman hanjeli pulut (Coix lacryma- Jobi.L). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2015 sampai dengan bulan Mei 2016 di Kebun Percobaan Ciparanje Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari enam perlakuan dan empat kali ulangan, yaitu: Kontrol; Silika dosis (4,50 g/tanaman); (9,00 g/tanaman); (13,50 g/tanaman); (18,00 g/tanaman); (22,50 g/tanaman), sehingga diperoleh 24 petak percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, perlakuan tanpa pupuk silika organik berpengaruh terhadap biomassa total tanaman …

Kuantitas Dan Kualitas Hasil Benih Buncis Tegak (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Yang Diberi Pupuk Organik Padat Dan Pupuk Organik Cair Chitosan, Anne Nuraini, Denny Sobardini, Erni Suminar, H. Apriyanto

Jurnal Kultivasi

Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh interaksi antara jenis pupuk organik padat dan pupuk organik cair (POC) chitosan yang dapat memberikan pengaruh terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan, kuantitas dan kualitas hasil benih buncis tegak. Percobaan dilakukan dari bulan Maret 2012 hingga Juni 2012 di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Jawa Barat. Percobaan ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah jenis pupuk organik padat terdiri dari tiga taraf, yaitu tanpa pupuk organik padat, pupuk kandang ayam, dan kascing. Faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi POC chitosan terdiri dari empat taraf yaitu: 0 ml L-1, 1,5 ml L-1, 3 …

Respons Pertumbuhan, Hasil, Dan Kualitas Hasil Buncis Tegak Terhadap Pemberian Berbagai Dosis Kompos Dan Interval Panen Pada Inceptisols Jatinangor, Kusumiyati, Wawan Sutari, N. Raniska

Jurnal Kultivasi

Produksi buncis yang menurun mengakibatkan tidak terpenuhinya permintaan. Penurunan tersebut disebabkan oleh beberapa hal, seperti kondisi lahan suboptimal dan kualitas hasil yang kurang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dosis kompos dan interval panen yang memberikan pengaruh terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan, hasil, dan kualitas hasil buncis tegak pada Inceptisols Jatinangor. Percobaan dilaksanakan di kebun percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, di Ciparanje Kecamatan Jatinangor, Kabupaten Sumedang pada ketinggian ±750 meter di atas permukaan laut (m dpl), selama bulan Februari – April 2016. Tipe iklim kawasan Jatinangor berdasarkan Oldeman adalah C3. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), dengan 12 kombinasi …

Efikasi Herbisida Oksifluorfen 240 G/L Untuk Mengendalikan Gulma Pada Budidaya Padi Sawah (Oryza Sativa L), Uum Umiyati

Jurnal Kultivasi

Tujuan dari percobaan ini adalah menguji keefektifan dari herbisida Oksifluorfen 240 g/l dalam mengendalikan gulma umum pada budidaya padi sawah sistem pindah tanam. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Balai Penelitian Pertanian Desa Barepan Kecamatan Plumbon Kabupaten Cirebon. Waktu pelaksanaan percobaan dimulai dari bulan Mei – Agustus 2016. Percobaan dilaksanakan dengan metode eksperimental dengan 7 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan, rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok. Untuk menguji nilai tengah perlakuan yang berbeda digunakan uji lanjut Duncan pada tingkat kepercayaan 95 %. Perlakuan yang diujikan adalah herbisida Oksifluorfen 240 g/l dosis 1.2 l/ha, Oksifluorfen 240 g/l dosis 1.8 l/ha, Oksifluorfen 240 g/l …

Katekin Teh Indonesia: Prospek Dan Manfaatnya, Intan Ratna Dewi Anjarsari

Jurnal Kultivasi

Teh Indonesia dikenal karena memiliki kandungan katekin (antioksidan alami) tertinggi di dunia Katekin adalah salah satu turunan dari poliphenol yang memiliki khasiat antioxidant yang tinggi. Faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar katekin adalah varietas dan klon teh, ketinggian tempat, umur daun, serta jenis petikan. Dipandang dari sisi kesehatan, makin tinggi katekin berarti makin bermanfaat buat kesehatan. Akan tetapi sebaliknya, ditinjau dari sisi rasa, memiliki perbandingan yang terbalik. Katekin berperan penting di dalam menentukan aroma dan rasa. Katekin merupakan senyawa tidak berwarna dan larut dalam air serta membawa sifat pahit dan sepat pada seduhan teh. Senyawa ini paling penting dalam daun teh karena …

Increasing Maize Tolerance To Drought And Flood With Seed Coating Treatments, Jacob E. Bennett, Achint Sanghi, R. P. Kingsly Ambrose

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

The lack of irrigation in regions prone to drought, and flooding due to high rainfall or lack of drainage affects seed viability and the subsequent germination and crop establishment. Seed treatment in the form of coatings shows promise as an effective method to preserve the viability of corn (Zea mays) seeds in drought and flood conditions. Chemical formulations may help improve the seed corn vigor under these stressed conditions. This study examined the efficacy of β-aminobutyric acid [BABA] and N-isopropylacrylamide [NIPA] in inducing drought resistance, as well as the ability of lanolin and linseed oil to provide flood …

Agro-Climatic Change, Crop Production And Mitigation Strategies-Case Studies In Arkansas, Usa And Kenya, John Westley Magugu

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Although climate change impacts vary geographically and temporally, studies at local levels are not readily available for stakeholders to better understand how their local communities would be affected and what remedial measures could be more effective in their local contexts. This dissertation has examined climate change and its impacts in two different local contexts: eastern Arkansas in the USA and Nyando in Kenya. The first part of this dissertation develops agro-meteorological indicators and examines the relationship between agro-meteorological indicators and crop yields in eastern Arkansas between 1960 and 2014. Results reveal that temperature based indicators were more strongly correlated to …

The Biology And Management Of Waterhemp In Indiana, Joseph M. Heneghan

Open Access Theses

Waterhemp is a dioecious weed species indigenous to the Midwestern United states yet it has only recently become problematic in agronomic crop production in Indiana. Waterhemp is a small-seeded broadleaf which has increased in prevalence in conjunction with an increase in conservation tillage practices. Waterhemp germinates and emerges from the top 3 cm of soil and is known to exhibit extended periods of continual emergence, longer than most other summer annual weed species that are typically present in agronomic production settings. As a C4 species, waterhemp then grows rapidly and is capable of producing thousands of seeds, while effectively competing …

Over-Summering Ecology Of The Wheat Curl Mite (Aceria Tosichella Keifer), Anthony J. Mcmechan

Department of Entomology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The wheat-mite-virus complex is a consistent and significant threat to winter wheat production in the western Great Plains. This complex consists of three viruses (Wheat streak mosaic virus, Triticum mosaic virus, and Wheat mosaic virus that are transmitted by the wheat curl mite (Aceria tosichella Keifer). Yield impacts from this complex are typically associated with the presence of volunteer wheat that emerges prior to harvest as a result of hail occurring during the heading stages of wheat in early summer. Historical literature on pre-harvest germination has been primarily focused on accelerating breeding programs; however, critical gaps in knowledge exist on …