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Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons™

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2016

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Articles 121 - 150 of 205

Full-Text Articles in Agronomy and Crop Sciences

Image Harvest: An Open-Source Platform For High-Throughput Plant Image Processing And Analysis, Avi C. Knecht, Malachy T. Campbell, Adam Caprez, David R. Swanson, Harkamal Walia Jan 2016

Image Harvest: An Open-Source Platform For High-Throughput Plant Image Processing And Analysis, Avi C. Knecht, Malachy T. Campbell, Adam Caprez, David R. Swanson, Harkamal Walia

Holland Computing Center: Faculty Publications

High-throughput plant phenotyping is an effective approach to bridge the genotype-to-phenotype gap in crops. Phenomics experiments typically result in large-scale image datasets, which are not amenable for processing on desktop computers, thus creating a bottleneck in the image-analysis pipeline. Here, we present an open-source, flexible image-analysis framework, called Image Harvest (IH), for processing images originating from high-throughput plant phenotyping platforms. Image Harvest is developed to perform parallel processing on computing grids and provides an integrated feature for metadata extraction from large-scale file organization. Moreover, the integration of IH with the Open Science Grid provides academic researchers with the computational resources …

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Growing Potato Profitably For Organic Dry Matter Production In Western Nebraska, Alexander Pavlista, Jessica J. Groskopf Jan 2016

Growing Potato Profitably For Organic Dry Matter Production In Western Nebraska, Alexander Pavlista, Jessica J. Groskopf

Panhandle Research and Extension Center

Growing potato conventionally for dehydration is not economically feasible. The key cost would be seed under organic farming. The objective is to identify seed-piece sizes and spacings producing a profitable return for potato dehydration in western Nebraska. Atlantic potatoes were grown under dryland conditions using organic practices. Rain was 205, 270, and 360 mm in 2013, 2014, and 2015. Seed-pieces were hand-cut into five weights from 42.5 to 85.0 g and planted in five spacings from 15.2 to 45.7 cm. Seeding rates were 1.02 to 6.1 Mg/ha. Yield was highest at the spacing of 15.2 cm (16.1 Mg/ha) and decreased …

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Biochar Reduced Nitrous Oxide And Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Soil With Different Water And Temperature Cycles, Jiyul Chang, David E. Clay, Sharon A. Clay, Rajesh Chintala, Janet M. Miller, Thomas Schumacher Jan 2016

Biochar Reduced Nitrous Oxide And Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Soil With Different Water And Temperature Cycles, Jiyul Chang, David E. Clay, Sharon A. Clay, Rajesh Chintala, Janet M. Miller, Thomas Schumacher

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

Interactions among biochar, respiration, nitrification, and soils can result in biochar increasing, decreasing, or not impacting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This experiment determined the impact of water-filled porosity (WFP) and corn (Zea mays L.) stover biochar on CO2 and N2O emissions in May (spring) and August (summer). The May experiment contained two N rates [0 and 224 kg Ca(NO3)2–N ha–1], whereas the August had three N rates [0, 224 kg Ca(NO3)2–N ha–1, and 224 kg (NH4)2SO4–N ha–1 …

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Decipher The Molecular Response Of Plant Single Cell Types To Environmental Stresses, Mehrnoush Nourbakhsh-Rey, Marc Libault Jan 2016

Decipher The Molecular Response Of Plant Single Cell Types To Environmental Stresses, Mehrnoush Nourbakhsh-Rey, Marc Libault

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The analysis of the molecular response of entire plants or organs to environmental stresses suffers from the cellular complexity of the samples used. Specifically, this cellular complexity masks cell-specific responses to environmental stresses and logically leads to the dilution of the molecular changes occurring in each cell type composing the tissue/organ/plant in response to the stress.Therefore, to generate a more accurate picture of these responses, scientists are focusing on plant single cell type approaches. Several cell types are now considered as models such as the pollen, the trichomes, the cotton fiber, various root cell types including the root hair cell, …

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Draft Genome Sequence Of Erwinia Tracheiphila, An Economically Important Bacterial Pathogen Of Cucurbits, Lori R. Shapiro, Erin D. Scully, Dana Roberts, Timothy J. Straub, Scott M. Geib, Jihye Park, Andrew G. Stephenson, Erika Salaau Rojas, Quin Liu, Gwyn Beattie, Mark Gleason, Consuelo M. De Moraes, Mark C. Mescher, Shelby G. Fleischer, Roberto Kolter, Naomi Pierce, Olga Zhaxybayeva Jan 2016

Draft Genome Sequence Of Erwinia Tracheiphila, An Economically Important Bacterial Pathogen Of Cucurbits, Lori R. Shapiro, Erin D. Scully, Dana Roberts, Timothy J. Straub, Scott M. Geib, Jihye Park, Andrew G. Stephenson, Erika Salaau Rojas, Quin Liu, Gwyn Beattie, Mark Gleason, Consuelo M. De Moraes, Mark C. Mescher, Shelby G. Fleischer, Roberto Kolter, Naomi Pierce, Olga Zhaxybayeva

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Erwinia tracheiphila is one of the most economically important pathogens of cucumbers, melons, squashes, pumpkins, and gourds in the northeastern and midwestern United States, yet its molecular pathology remains uninvestigated. Here, we report the first draft genome sequence of an E. tracheiphila strain isolated from an infected wild gourd (Cucurbita pepo subsp. texana) plant. The genome assembly consists of 7 contigs and includes a putative plasmid and at least 20 phage and prophage elements.

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Correlating Bulk Density (With Dockage) And Test Weight (Without Dockage) For Wheat Samples, Rumela Bhadra, Mark E. Casada, Josephine M. Boac, Aaron P. Turner, Sidney A. Thompson, Michael D. Montross, Ronaldo G. Maghirang, Samuel G. Mcneill Jan 2016

Correlating Bulk Density (With Dockage) And Test Weight (Without Dockage) For Wheat Samples, Rumela Bhadra, Mark E. Casada, Josephine M. Boac, Aaron P. Turner, Sidney A. Thompson, Michael D. Montross, Ronaldo G. Maghirang, Samuel G. Mcneill

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

In grain bins, the compaction of stored grain is caused by the overbearing pressure of the bulk material in the bin. To predict the amount of grain in the bin, compaction values must be determined based on the average bulk density (BD) of the stored material. However, BD is determined following the Federal Grain Inspection Service (FGIS) guidelines for measuring test weight (TW), which require that dockage be removed prior to measuring wheat TW. Thus, this creates a problem for predicting grain compaction and conducting inventory studies, because the average BD of the grain in a bin for these calculations …

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Bumpers College Students In Action, Discovery Editors Jan 2016

Bumpers College Students In Action, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Soil Salinity Study In Northern Great Plains Sodium Affected Soil, Tulsi P. Kharel Jan 2016

Soil Salinity Study In Northern Great Plains Sodium Affected Soil, Tulsi P. Kharel

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Climate and land-use changes when combined with the marine sediments that underlay portions of the Northern Great Plains have increased the salinization and sodification risks. The objectives of this dissertation were to compare three chemical amendments (calcium chloride, sulfuric acid and gypsum) remediation strategies on water permeability and sodium (Na) transport in undisturbed soil columns and to develop a remote sensing technique to characterize salinization in South Dakota soils. Fortyeight undisturbed soil columns (30 cm x 15 cm) collected from White Lake, Redfield, and Pierpont were used to assess the chemical remediation strategies. In this study the experimental design was …

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Restoration Of Eroded Lands With Biochar As Soil Amendment In South Dakota, Saroop S. Sandhu Jan 2016

Restoration Of Eroded Lands With Biochar As Soil Amendment In South Dakota, Saroop S. Sandhu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Biochar is produced from incomplete pyrolysis of plant biomass. Due to the unique properties of biochar such as a higher number of micropores, surface area and carbon content, and recalcitrant nature of carbon, biochar is hypothesized to improve physical and hydrological properties of soil. This study assesses the impact of biochar on soil organic carbon, physical and hydrological properties of two landscape positions under a corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation. Three types of biochar including corn stover, ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Lawson and C. Lawson) wood residue, and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) were applied in the field …

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Evaluation Of Hazelnuts As A Sustainable Crop In Illinois, Sharon Neva Dubosky Jan 2016

Evaluation Of Hazelnuts As A Sustainable Crop In Illinois, Sharon Neva Dubosky

Masters Theses

Production of hazelnuts has historically been limited to regions with mild climates, with almost all hazelnut production in the United States occurring in Oregon. A recent boom in demand, along with an expanded selection of varieties with improved environmental tolerances, has pushed hazelnut production into new regions. Hazelnut production could prove profitable in areas of the Midwest that are less well-suited to the cultivation of maize and soybeans. However, the lack of varieties proven to thrive in the climatological conditions of this region (cold winters, hot summers, frequent drought) presents a barrier to the viability of hazelnut production. A trial …

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Distribution And Characterization Of The Soybean Cyst Nematode, Heterodera Glycines (Hg) Types In South Dakota, Krishna Acharya Jan 2016

Distribution And Characterization Of The Soybean Cyst Nematode, Heterodera Glycines (Hg) Types In South Dakota, Krishna Acharya

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, is an endoparasitic nematode and one of the major pests of soybean (Glycine max L.) in the United State and all over the world where soybean is grown. SCN is ranked first among the biological factors that cause yield loss in soybean. The estimated yield loss by this nematode is $1b annually in the United States alone. SCN is thought to have been first found in China. It was first identified in the United States in 1954 in North Carolina and in South Dakota in 1995. To date, SCN continues to spread …

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Effects Of Corn (Zea Mays L.) Stover Removal And Leaching On Soil Test And Whole Plant K Levels In Corn And K Fertilization/High-Input Treatments On Soybean Using Site-Specific Management To Increase Soybean (Glycine Max) Production In South Dakota, Nick J. Schiltz Jan 2016

Effects Of Corn (Zea Mays L.) Stover Removal And Leaching On Soil Test And Whole Plant K Levels In Corn And K Fertilization/High-Input Treatments On Soybean Using Site-Specific Management To Increase Soybean (Glycine Max) Production In South Dakota, Nick J. Schiltz

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Potassium is important for crop production. Corn stover removal has the potential to reduce exchangeable and soluble soil potassium (K+) needed for optimal plant growth in addition to grain yield. An experiment was conducted in Aurora, SD, USA, to observe the effects of corn stover removal on water soluble and exchangeable soil test K+ (STK) levels and corn grain yields across a five-year period. Abundant K+ reserves were recorded between the initial and final sampling periods. While corn grain yields were affected by removing corn biomass, exchangeable and solution K+ levels were relatively unaffected by stover removal. Potassium fertilizer has …

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Aspergillus And Aflatoxin In Groundnut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) And Groundnut Cake In Eastern Ethiopia, Abdi Mohammed, Alemayehu Chala, Mashilla Dejene, Chemeda Fininsa, David A. Hoisington, Victor S. Sobolev, R. S. Arias Jan 2016

Aspergillus And Aflatoxin In Groundnut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) And Groundnut Cake In Eastern Ethiopia, Abdi Mohammed, Alemayehu Chala, Mashilla Dejene, Chemeda Fininsa, David A. Hoisington, Victor S. Sobolev, R. S. Arias

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

This study was conducted to assess major Aspergillus species and aflatoxins associated with groundnut seeds and cake in Eastern Ethiopia and evaluate growers’ management practices. A total of 160 groundnut seed samples from farmers’ stores and 50 groundnut cake samples from cafe and restaurants were collected. Fungal isolation was done from groundnut seed samples. Aspergillus flavus was the dominant species followed by Aspergillus parasiticus. Aflatoxin analyses of groundnut seed samples were performed using ultra performance liquid chromatography; 22.5% and 41.3% of samples were positive, with total aflatoxin concentrations of 786 and 3135 ng g−1 from 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 …

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Genome-Wide Discriminatory Information Patterns Of Cytosine Dna Methylation, Robersy Sanchez, Sally A. Mackenzie Jan 2016

Genome-Wide Discriminatory Information Patterns Of Cytosine Dna Methylation, Robersy Sanchez, Sally A. Mackenzie

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Cytosine DNA methylation (CDM) is a highly abundant, heritable but reversible chemical modification to the genome. Herein, a machine learning approach was applied to analyze the accumulation of epigenetic marks in methylomes of 152 ecotypes and 85 silencing mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana. In an information-thermodynamics framework, two measurements were used: (1) the amount of information gained/lost with the CDM changes IR and (2) the uncertainty of not observing a SNP LCR. We hypothesize that epigenetic marks are chromosomal footprints accounting for different ontogenetic and phylogenetic histories of individual populations. A machine learning approach is proposed to …

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Evaluation Of Tillage, Crop Rotation, And Cover Crop Impacts On Corn Nitrogen Requirements In Southeastern South Dakota, Sara Louise Berg Jan 2016

Evaluation Of Tillage, Crop Rotation, And Cover Crop Impacts On Corn Nitrogen Requirements In Southeastern South Dakota, Sara Louise Berg

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Nitrogen (N) is a vital factor of corn (Zea mays) production. Previous work in South Dakota has shown that there is uncertainty as to whether nitrogen requirements are the same for corn raised under no-till (NT) versus conventional till (CT) production systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether N requirements continue to be greater under long-term NT versus CT production systems in southeastern South Dakota, while also considering effects from cover crops and crop rotation. This was a two year study conducted at the SDSU Southeast Research Farm near Beresford, SD; it was superimposed on a long-term …

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Contents, Discovery Editors Jan 2016

Contents, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 17 2016, Several Authors Jan 2016

Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 17 2016, Several Authors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Message From The Faculty Editor, Mary Savin Jan 2016

Message From The Faculty Editor, Mary Savin

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors Jan 2016

Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Molecular Characterization Of Resistance To Soybean Rust (Phakopsora Pachyrhizi Syd. & Syd.) In Soybean Cultivar Dt 2000 (Pi 635999), Tri D. Vuong, David R. Walker, Binh T. Nguyen, Tuyet T. Nguyen, Hoan X. Dinh, David L. Hyten, Perry B. Cregan, David A. Sleper, Jeong D. Lee, James G. Shannon, Henry T. Nguyen Jan 2016

Molecular Characterization Of Resistance To Soybean Rust (Phakopsora Pachyrhizi Syd. & Syd.) In Soybean Cultivar Dt 2000 (Pi 635999), Tri D. Vuong, David R. Walker, Binh T. Nguyen, Tuyet T. Nguyen, Hoan X. Dinh, David L. Hyten, Perry B. Cregan, David A. Sleper, Jeong D. Lee, James G. Shannon, Henry T. Nguyen

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Resistance to soybean rust (SBR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. & Syd., has been identified in many soybean germplasm accessions and is conferred by either dominant or recessive genes that have been mapped to six independent loci (Rpp1 -Rpp6), but No U. S. cultivars are resistant to SBR. The cultivar DT 2000 (PI 635999) has resistance to P. pachyrhizi isolates and field populations from the United States as well as Vietnam. A F6:7 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from Williams 82 × DT 2000 was used to identify genomic regions associated with resistance to SBR in …

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Field Evaluation Of Burley Lines Containing Alleles Minimizing Nicotine To Nornicotine Conversion, Cameron G. Shelton Jan 2016

Field Evaluation Of Burley Lines Containing Alleles Minimizing Nicotine To Nornicotine Conversion, Cameron G. Shelton

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

CYP82e4, CYP82e5, and CYP82e10 mutant alleles that minimize the conversion of nicotine to nornicotine have been introgressed into numerous existing low converting (LC) burley varieties and parental lines developed by the Kentucky-Tennessee tobacco breeding program. A backcross breeding protocol was utilized, with the objective being the creation of "e3" varieties that differed from their LC counterparts only for nornicotine and nitroso-nornicotine content. Field studies were conducted in Kentucky and Tennessee during the 2013 growing season, with 17 prospective parental lines and 20 prospective commercial varieties grown and compared to their original counterparts. Most of the e3 lines were not morphologically …

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Improved Sugar Yields From Biomass Sorghum Feedstocks: Comparing Low‑Lignin Mutants And Pretreatment Chemistries, Bruno Godin, Nick Nagle, Scott Satler, Richard Agneessens, Jérôme Delcarte, Edward Wolfrum Jan 2016

Improved Sugar Yields From Biomass Sorghum Feedstocks: Comparing Low‑Lignin Mutants And Pretreatment Chemistries, Bruno Godin, Nick Nagle, Scott Satler, Richard Agneessens, Jérôme Delcarte, Edward Wolfrum

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Background: For biofuel production processes to be economically efficient, it is essential to maximize the production of monomeric carbohydrates from the structural carbohydrates of feedstocks. One strategy for maximizing carbohydrate production is to identify less recalcitrant feedstock cultivars by performing some type of experimental screening on a large and diverse set of candidate materials, or by identifying genetic modifications (random or directed mutations or transgenic plants) that provide decreased recalcitrance. Economic efficiency can also be increased using additional pretreatment processes such as deacetylation, which uses dilute NaOH to remove the acetyl groups of hemicellulose prior to dilute acid pretreatment. In …

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Genome-Wide Association Mapping Of Qualitatively Inherited Traits In A Germplasm Collection, Nonoy B. Bandillo, Aaron J. Lorenz, George L. Graef, Diego Jarquin, David L. Hyten, Randall L. Nelson, James E. Specht Jan 2016

Genome-Wide Association Mapping Of Qualitatively Inherited Traits In A Germplasm Collection, Nonoy B. Bandillo, Aaron J. Lorenz, George L. Graef, Diego Jarquin, David L. Hyten, Randall L. Nelson, James E. Specht

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Genome-wide association (GWA) has been used as a tool for dissecting the genetic architecture of quantitatively inherited traits. We demonstrate here that GWA can also be highly useful for detecting many major genes governing categorically defined phenotype variants that exist for qualitatively inherited traits in a germplasm collection. Genome-wide association mapping was applied to categorical phenotypic data available for 10 descriptive traits in a collection of ~13,000 soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] accessions that had been genotyped with a 50,000 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip. A GWA on a panel of accessions of this magnitude can offer substantial statistical …

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Improved Prediction Of Severe Thunderstorms Over The Indian Monsoon Region Using High-Resolution Soil Moisture And Temperature Initialization, K. K. Osuri, R. Nadimpalli, U. C. Mohanty, F. Chen, M. Rajeevan, Dev Niyogi Jan 2016

Improved Prediction Of Severe Thunderstorms Over The Indian Monsoon Region Using High-Resolution Soil Moisture And Temperature Initialization, K. K. Osuri, R. Nadimpalli, U. C. Mohanty, F. Chen, M. Rajeevan, Dev Niyogi

Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Faculty Publications

The hypothesis that realistic land conditions such as soil moisture/soil temperature (SM/ST) can significantly improve the modeling of mesoscale deep convection is tested over the Indian monsoon region (IMR). A high resolution (3 km foot print) SM/ST dataset prepared from a land data assimilation system, as part of a national monsoon mission project, showed close agreement with observations. Experiments are conducted with (LDAS) and without (CNTL) initialization of SM/ST dataset. Results highlight the significance of realistic land surface conditions on numerical prediction of initiation, movement and timing of severe thunderstorms as compared to that currently being initialized by climatological fields …

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Nested Association Mapping Of Stem Rust Resistance In Wheat Using Genotyping By Sequencing, Prabin Bajgain, Matthew N. Rouse, Toi J. Tsilo, Godwin K. Macharia, Sridhar Bhavani, Yue Jin, James A. Anderson Jan 2016

Nested Association Mapping Of Stem Rust Resistance In Wheat Using Genotyping By Sequencing, Prabin Bajgain, Matthew N. Rouse, Toi J. Tsilo, Godwin K. Macharia, Sridhar Bhavani, Yue Jin, James A. Anderson

Department of Agronomy Faculty Publications

We combined the recently developed genotyping by sequencing (GBS) method with joint mapping (also known as nested association mapping) to dissect and understand the genetic architecture controlling stem rust resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Ten stem rust resistant wheat varieties were crossed to the susceptible line LMPG-6 to generate F6 recombinant inbred lines. The recombinant inbred line populations were phenotyped in Kenya, South Africa, and St. Paul, Minnesota, USA. By joint mapping of the 10 populations, we identified 59 minor and medium-effect QTL (explained phenotypic variance range of 1%- 20%) on 20 chromosomes that contributed towards adult plant resistance …

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Proteomic Profiling Of Maize Opaque Endosperm Mutants Reveals Selective Accumulation Of Lysine-Enriched Proteins, Kyla J. Morton, Shangang Jia, Chi Zhang, David R. Holding Jan 2016

Proteomic Profiling Of Maize Opaque Endosperm Mutants Reveals Selective Accumulation Of Lysine-Enriched Proteins, Kyla J. Morton, Shangang Jia, Chi Zhang, David R. Holding

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Reduced prolamin (zein) accumulation and defective endoplasmic reticulum (ER) body formation occurs in maize opaque endosperm mutants opaque2 (o2), floury2 (fl2), defective endosperm*B30 (DeB30), and Mucronate (Mc), whereas other opaque mutants such as opaque1 (o1) and floury1 (fl1) are normal in these regards. This suggests that other factors contribute to kernel texture. A liquid chromatography approach coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) proteomics was used to compare non-zein proteins of nearly isogenic opaque endosperm mutants. In total, 2762 proteins were identified that were enriched for biological processes such …

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Letter From The Dean, Lona Robertson Jan 2016

Letter From The Dean, Lona Robertson

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Using Precision Agriculture Field Data To Evaluate Combine Harvesting Efficiency, Justin H. Carroll, Don Johnson, Jeff Miller, Kristofor Brye Jan 2016

Using Precision Agriculture Field Data To Evaluate Combine Harvesting Efficiency, Justin H. Carroll, Don Johnson, Jeff Miller, Kristofor Brye

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Soybeans must be harvested during a limited time period using expensive combines and associated equipment. Maximizing combine field efficiency, the ratio of the actual harvesting capacity to theoretical harvesting capacity, is an important objective of machinery managers. Spatial and temporal yield data from a 2012 CaseIH 8120 Axial-Flow combine equipped with a 9 meter MacDon D-65 Draper header and the Case-IH Advanced Farming System (AFS) yield monitoring system were used to examine field efficiency when harvesting soybean in three Arkansas Delta irrigated soybean fields during the 2015 season. Time efficiencies (TE) in the three fields ranged from 72.9% to 85.8% …

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Plant Functional Trait And Hyperspectral Reflectance Responses To Comp B Exposure: Efficacy Of Plants As Landmine Detectors, Paul V. Manley Ii Jan 2016

Plant Functional Trait And Hyperspectral Reflectance Responses To Comp B Exposure: Efficacy Of Plants As Landmine Detectors, Paul V. Manley Ii

Theses and Dissertations

At least 110 million landmines have been planted since the 1970s in about 70 nations, many of which remain in place today. Some risk of detection may be mitigated using currently available remote sensing techniques when vegetation is present. My study focused on using plants as phytosensors to detect buried explosives. I exposed three species representing different functional types (Cyperus esculentus (sedge), Ulmus alata (tree), Vitis labrusca (vine)) to 500 mg kg-1 of Composition B (Comp B; 60/40 mixture of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT)), a commonly used explosive mixture, and measured functional traits and reflectance over …

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Optimization Of Doubled Haploid Production In Burley Tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum L.), Ezequiel De Oliveira Jan 2016

Optimization Of Doubled Haploid Production In Burley Tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum L.), Ezequiel De Oliveira

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

Doubled haploidy (DH) is a plant breeding technique that is often utilized by plant breeders to minimize the time required to reach homozygosity in breeding lines. The first objective of this study was to compare two methods of generating DH lines in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Inbred burley tobacco varieties TN 90LC and GR 149LC were used to produce both androgenic derived doubled haploids (ADDH) and maternally derived doubled haploids (MDDH). The relative agronomic performance of TN 90LC and GR 149 LC ADDH and MDDH lines was compared when used either as pure-line cultivars or when used for the …

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