Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons^™

Selecting Improved Lotus Nodulating Rhizobia To Expedite The Development Of New Forage Species, John Gregory Howieson, Ross Andrew Ballard, Ronald J. Yates, Nigel Charman

Grain and Other Field Crops Research Articles

Aims

In the past decades the increasing focus by Australian pasture development programs on the genus Lotus has seen the evaluation of many species previously untested in Australia. In field trials, nodulation failure was commonplace. This work was undertaken to select effective symbionts for Lotus to ensure further agronomic evaluation of the genus was not compromised. The symbiotic needs of Lotus ornithopodioides were a particular focus of the studies.

Methods

Glasshouse experiments were undertaken to evaluate symbiotic relationships between 15 Lotus spp and 23 strains of nodulating Mesorhizobium loti. This was followed by evaluation of elite rhizobial strains for …

2012 Barley Variety Sowing Guide For Western Australia, Blakely Paynter, Andrea Hills, Harmohinder Dhammu

Bulletins 4000 -

This variety guide is designed as a quick reference to help growers determine which barley variety to grow in their region. It provides domestic and international market feedback, relative grain yield comparisons, disease ratings, agronomic information and herbicide tolerance ratings for all malting barley varieties, the new food variety and selected feed varieties.

Gata-Family Transcription Factors In Magnaporthe Oryzae, Cristian F. Quispe

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The filamentous fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae, responsible for blast rice disease, destroys around 10-30% of the rice crop annually. Infection begins when the specialized infection structure, the appressorium, generates enormous internal turgor pressure through the accumulation of glycerol. This turgor acts on a penetration peg emerging at the base of the cell, causing it to breach the leaf surface allowing its infection.

The enzyme trehalose-6- phosphate synthase (Tps1) is a central regulator of the transition from appressorium development to infectious hyphal growth. In the first chapter we show that initiation of rice blast disease requires a regulatory mechanism involving an …

B. R. Wells Rice Research Studies 2010, R. J. Norman, K. A. K. Moldenhauer

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

The 2010 Rice Research Verification Program ( RRVP) was conducted on twenty-two commercial rice fields across the state. Counties rarticirating in the program included Arkansas, Ashley, Chicot, Clark, Clay, Cross, Desha, Drew, Greene, Jackson, Jefferson, Lafayette, Lawrence, Lonoke, Mississippi, Phillips, Poinsett (2 fields), Prairie, Randolph, St. Francis, and White for a total of 1456 acres. Grain yield in the 2010 RRVP averaged 167 bu/acre ranging from 113 to 215 bu/acre. The 2010 RRVP average yield was 25 bu/acre greater than the estimated Arkansas state average of 142 bu/acre. The highest yielding field was in Clay County with a grain yield …

Transpiration-Use Efficiency Coefficient Of Seven Weed Species As Affected By Fraction Of Transpirable Soil Water And Growth Stage, Venkatarao Mannam

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Transpiration-use efficiency coefficient (Kc) describes the amount of biomass produced per unit transpiration at a given vapor pressure deficit. A series of greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the K_c values of seven weed species and to measure how K_c values were affected by fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) level and plant growth stage. Experiments were conducted using a factorial design with 4 levels of water stress (0.3, 0.4, 0.7, and 1.0 FTSW) and two harvest times (first bloom and seed maturity). After plants attained a predetermined size, each plant was sealed at the base using a …

Herbicide-Resistant Risk Assessment: Response Of Common Nebraska Weeds To Dicamba Dose, Roberto J. Crespo

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Dicamba-resistant soybeans are being developed to provide an additional herbicide mechanism of action that can be used in soybean, and to provide a tool to help manage or mitigate the evolution of other herbicide-resistant weed populations. The objectives of this thesis were to assess the risk of common Nebraska weeds developing resistance to dicamba, quantify baseline dose-response to dicamba of high-risk weed species, and survey the variability in dicamba dose-response among populations of those species. Twenty-five weed scientists were asked to estimate the risk likelihood of ten weed species evolving resistance to dicamba following the commercialization of dicamba-resistant soybean. Palmer …

Biology, Systematics, Phylogenetic Analysis And Dna Character-Based Species Diagnosis Of The False Root-Knot Nematode Nacobbus Aberrans (Thorne, 1935) Thorne & Allen 1944 (Nemata: Pratylenchidae), Angel Ramirez-Suarez

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The False Root-Knot nematode Nacobbus aberrans is a plant parasitic nematode that causes yield losses in several crops and plant protection agencies have established regulations to prevent infestations from spreading to new agricultural areas. The taxonomic status of the nematode has been the subject of controversy due to wide degree of variation exhibited by the species. This variability has led to the suggestion that N. aberrans is actually a species complex rather than a single species. In order to test this hypothesis, we compared twelve N. aberrans populations, which include isolates from western Nebraska, two distinct regions of Mexico and …

Information To Action: Providing Management Recommendations To Agricultural Users Affected By Drought, Bruce Erickson

2011 Symposium on Data-Driven Approaches to Droughts

Mitigating drought’s impact on agricultural production is a key part of any food security and economic stabilization plan. While most agricultural producers periodically experience abnormally dry periods that sometimes limit production, extreme or exceptional droughts may occur infrequently enough that management strategies are unfamiliar, outdated, or untested in a particular set of circumstances. While information to spatially delineate and characterize the effects of a drought is important, the real payoff comes from providing drought-affected individuals with recommendations on how to best manage their situation, and for them to actually adopt these practices. In crop production the ramifications are many: decisions …

Sweet Sorghum As An Alternative Cellulosic Biofuel In Eastern Kentucky, Sarah A. Hazenfield

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Science and Technology at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science by Sarah A. Hazenfield in June of 2011.

Soil Test And Phosphorus Rate For High Rainfall Clover Pastures, Robert Summers, David Weaver

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Essential information for soil testing to determine the phosphorus fertiliser requirements for clover pastures in high rainfall coastal areas of Western Australia. Includes procedures for soil sampling, tissue testing, liming, when to apply fertiliser, how to decide on the target production level, how much fertiliser is required and type of fertiliser.

Factors Controlling Pre-Columbian And Early Historic Maize Productivity In The American Southwest, Part 2: The Chaco Halo, Mesa Verde, Pajarito Plateau/ Bandelier, And Zuni Archaeological Regions, Larry Benson

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Chemical and nutrient analyses of 471 soil samples from 161 sites within four archaeological regions (Pajarito Plateau/Bandelier, Zuni, Mesa Verde, and the Chaco Halo) were combined with historical climate data in order to evaluate the agricultural productivity of each region. In addition, maize productivity and field-life calculations were performed using organic-nitrogen (N) values from the upper 50 cm of soil in each region and a range (1–3%/year) of N-mineralization rates. The endmember values of this range were assumed representative of dry and wet climate states. With respect to precipitation and heat, the Pajarito Plateau area has excellent agricultural potential; the …

Grinders Convert Sorghum Into Flour, Intsormil

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

To help contend rising wheat costs Central American bakers are looking for alternative ways to produce their baked products at a low cost without sacrificing nutritional value or taste. Sorghum flour is the answer to their problems. Sorghum flour is about half the cost of wheat flour so using sorghum flour helps bakers save money and make more of a profit. Particle size of sorghum flour must be sufficiently fine in order to substitute for wheat flour in baking recipes. However, small grinders adequate for family level bakers have not been available in Central America. That is until a collaborative …

Uso De Molinos Cti Para La Produccion Y Uso De Harina De Sorgo, Intsormil

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

Para ayudar a lidiar con el aumento de los costos de trigo en Centro América, los panaderos están buscando formas alternativas para producir sus productos de panadería a un bajo costo sin sacrificar el valor nutritivo o sabor. La harina de sorgo es la respuesta a sus problemas. La harina de sorgo es de aproximadamente la mitad del costo de la harina de trigo, por lo que usar harina de sorgo puede ayudar a los panaderos a ahorrar dinero y disminuir costos de produccion. El tamaño de partícula de la harina de sorgo debe ser lo suficientemente fino como para …

Economic Impacts Of Drought On Kentucky Corn, Hay, And Soybeans, Kortney E. Craft

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Understanding climatic impacts is important if we are to comprehend the relationship between climate and society. Weather phenomena can have environmental, economical, and social impacts. Drought is the natural hazard that affects people the most. It is also the most complex and least understood. There is no one universally accepted definition for drought which makes its examination difficult. Droughts’ duration is also difficult to determine because it has no clearly defined onset and end. Also, drought varies both geographically and temporally making uniform drought monitoring difficult. Since drought is difficult to monitor and access, drought impacts are often poorly documented. …

Recetario De Productos Elaborados A Base De Sorgo (Sorghum Bicolor, L. Moench), Kimberly Christiansen

INTSORMIL Scientific Publications

El Centro Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria y Forestal (CENTA), “Enrique Álvarez Córdova”, a través del Laboratorio de Tecnología de Alimentos, ha venido desarrollando por más de una década, investigaciones relacionadas al uso de sorgo en la alimentación humana, con la colaboración del instituto para la investigación en Sorgo y Mijo de los Estados Unidos de América (INTSORMIL). A partir del año 2000, las investigaciones en el cultivo del sorgo han tomado más auge, por lo que el Programa de Granos Básicos, como apoyo al trabajo que realiza el Laboratorio de Tecnología de Alimentos, ha desarrollado una serie de variedades mejoradas, …

The Value Of Break Crops In Weed Management, Wayne Parker, Ian Pritchard, Abul Hashem

Bulletins 4000 -

This publication discusses the effect on weed management of the inclusion of break crops (lupin, field pea, chickpea, faba bean, lentil and canola) in the cropping rotation compared to a rotation of continuous cereals.

Including break crops in the cropping rotation allows weed management options unavailable or not suited in wheat. For example, growing field peas allows crop-topping/ desiccation for weed seed set control, crop topping cannot be used in wheat without severe yield loss. Problem weeds can be targeted through break crops, for example, grass weeds are generally more easily controlled in break crops than in cereals. Most weed …

Summaries Of Arkansas Cotton Research 2010, Derrick M. Oosterhuis

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

No abstract provided.

Screening Synteny Blocks In Pairwise Genome Comparisons Through Integer Programming, Haibao Tang, Eric Lyons, Brent S. Pedersen, James C. Schnable, Andrew H. Paterson, Michael Freeling

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Background:

It is difficult to accurately interpret chromosomal correspondences such as true orthology and paralogy due to significant divergence of genomes from a common ancestor. Analyses are particularly problematic among lineages that have repeatedly experienced whole genome duplication (WGD) events. To compare multiple “subgenomes” derived from genome duplications, we need to relax the traditional requirements of “one-to-one” syntenic matchings of genomic regions in order to reflect “one-to-many” or more generally “many-to-many” matchings. However this relaxation may result in the identification of synteny blocks that are derived from ancient shared WGDs that are not of interest. For many downstream analyses, we …

Malian Thick Porridges And Satiety, Intsormil

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

A study was recently conducted through INTSORMIL (Purdue Hamaker Project) to examine thick sorghum millet consumption related to preference and satiation in the Sikasso, Segou and Mopti regions of Mali. This is part of a larger study to understand the effect of thick porridges, and delayed glucose delivery to the body, on satiety and overall food consumption.

The conclusions from the following data is that porridges (tô) are generally eaten more frequently and are consumed in a thicker consistency in the villages (Figures 1 and 2), and are very satiating (Figure 3 thicker porridges correlated with lower hunger scores at …

Ensayo De Variedades De Sorgos Forrajeros Y Graniferos “Bmr” (Sorghum Bicolor), El Salvador, 2010, Ricardo Estebez Jeorge, René Clará Valencia

INTSORMIL Presentations

Los sorgos forrajeros favorecen su uso como pastura, ensilaje y componente de otros elementos para rumiantes.

Después del maíz blanco el sorgo es el segundo cereal producido en El salvador.

Las composicion es del forraje de maíz y el sorgo son bastantes similares, aunque el maíz brinda niveles mas elevados de proteín a cruda y menor contenido de fibra cruda, pero sus costos de producción son mayores comparados con los del sorgo.

Objectivos:

General: Generar tecnologías que mejoren la calidad del forraje y grano de sorgo.

Específicos:

Identificar variedades de sorgo “bmr” con alto potencial en rendimiento de forraje y …

Comportamiento De Los Sorgos Híbridos Para Grano Dentros De Los Ensayos Uniformes Del Pccmca 2010, René Clará Valencia, Rafael Obando, Nury Gutiérrez, Fabricio Dolmus, Marvin Jiménez, Ricardo Estebez, Alberto Morán, Norman Danilo Escoto Gudiel, Roman Gordón Mendoza

INTSORMIL Presentations

Objectivos

Identificar los cultivares de mejor potencial de rendimiento y calidad de grano, tolerantes a los principales problemas bióticos, abióticos y de buena adaptación al clima y suelo de la región

Poner la información de los resultados de las evaluaciones a disposición de los países y empresas, para que les sea útil a sus intereses.

Conclusiones

El análisis AMMI Biplot Sreg identifico al híbrido MS1-560 como el más estable, seguido por el MSH-551

El Ejido fue la localidadad mas discriminante, seguida por Estelí

Se formaron dos grupos ambientales el primero por la Localidad El Ejido, y el otro por las …

Manejo Agronómico En La Producción De Sorgo, Máximo Antonio Hernández Valle, Carlos Borja

INTSORMIL Presentations

Gives an overview of some issues involved in cultivating sorghum in Central America.

Validación Del Nivel De Fertilizante Nitrofosforado En Variedades De Sorgo Fotosnesitivas E Insensitivas El Salvador, 2010, Máximo Antonio Hernández Valle, Wenceslao Moreno

INTSORMIL Presentations

Objetivo General:

Validar tecnología de fertilización para mejorar los rendimientos del cultivo de sorgo.

Objetivos Específico:

a) Evaluar en las diferentes zonas Sorgueras de El Salvador una fertilización óptima, la cual incrementará el rendimiento de las variedades.

Conclusiones:

--El nivel nitrofosforado de 50kgha-1de Nitrógeno y 25 kg ha^-1 de fósforo utilizado en la variedad fotosensitiva CENTA-ZAM 911, incrementa los rendimientos de grano en el cultivo de sorgo

-El nivel nitrofosforado de 60 kg ha^-1 de Nitrógeno y 30 kg ha^-1 de fósforo utilizado en la variedad fotoinsensitiva CENTA-RCV, incrementa los rendimientos de grano en el cultivo de …

Producción Artesanal De Semilla De Sorgo, Máximo Antonio Hernández Valle

INTSORMIL Presentations

Objectivos:

General:

Producir semilla de calidad para que los productores tengan disponibilidad de esta y así incrementar la producción.

Específicos:

Que haya disponibilidad de semilla en el mercado para satisfacer la demanda de siembra

Fomentar el uso de variedades mejoradas con alto potencial de rendimiento de grano

Que nuevos productores se capaciten en la producción artesanal y certificada de semilla.

Influencia De Fertilización Floiar Nitrogenada En Pre Y Post-Antesis En Al Cultivo De Sorgo [Sorghum Bicolor L. Moench], Alberto Espinoza

INTSORMIL Presentations

Objectivos:

Evaluar la Fertilizacion Foliar Nitrogenada Aplicada en Pre y Post-Antesis sobre:

Los dias a Floracion

Periodo de Floracion

Rendimiento de Semillas

Llenado de grano

Tamaῆo de semilla

Indice de Cosecha

Nuevas Variedades De Sorgo “Bmr” En America Central Y Haiti, René Clará Valencia, Bill Rooney, Elvis A. Heinrichs, Ostilio R. Portillo

INTSORMIL Presentations

Objectivos

Identificar las mejores variedades “bmr” para las condiciones de cada país.

Reproducir y transferir semilla de las mejores variedades en cantidades suficientes para ponerlas accesibles a todos los agricultores.

Demostrar que estas nuevas variedades “bmr” son más nutritivas que las tradicionales y capaces de producir más alimentos para la población.

Generalizar el uso de estas variedades para poder fortalecer la seguridad alimentaria de los países participantes.

Desarrollo De Líneas In Situ De Sorgo Por Pequeños Productor@S En La Región Norte De Nicaragua Mediante Los Métodos De Fitomejoramiento Participativo, Silvio Aguirre A., Orlando Gómez, Blanca Castro, Rolando Herrera

INTSORMIL Presentations

El sorgo de grano blanco (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench), juega un papel importante de bido a su adaptación, consumo humano y animal.

En 2003 el proyecto CIAT-CIRAD, en Nicaragua y los productores fitomejoradores de Madriz, realizaron cruzas de variedades locales, por líneas africanas.

En 2005 el CIPRES continúo los procesos de selección in-situ en las poblaciones segregantes derivadas de estas cruzas.

Para responder a la demanda de variedades mejoradas. Paralelamente se llevo por el científico en la estación experimental.

A partir del 2006 se realizaron evaluaciones de rendimiento, con el propósito de comprobar la eficiencia de selección por productores, …

Impact Of Climate Change And Climate Variability On Productivity Of Grain Crops, P. V. Vara Prasad

INTSORMIL Presentations

1. Climate change and climate variability (past and future). 2. Temperature and carbon dioxide: response of grain sorghum and dry bean. 3. Climate change and variability in El Salvador (climate models). 4. Impact of temperature increaseongrainyieldofsorghum,maizeanddrybeaninElSalvador(cropsimulationmodels). 5.Concludingremarks.

The Role Of Sorghum In Food Security In Central America, Lloyd W. Rooney

INTSORMIL Presentations

Discusses the qualities of sorghum that make it suitable for human consumption, with a focus on its use in Central America.

Herramientas Para La Cosecha: Esperanza Para Los Con Hambre, Leann Taylor

INTSORMIL Presentations

CTI diseñay distribuye tecnologías símples para comida y agua que empoderana los campesinosa mejorar su salud, nutrición, y bienestar.

Cómo trabajandos

Buscamos tecnologías que resuelvan tres problemas comunes

Cómo mantener más de la cosecha en su procesamiento

Cómo traer más valor al producto

Cómo utilizar mejor los recursos locales.