Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons^™

Pixel-Based Spatiotemporal Statistics From Remotely Sensed Imagery Improves Spatial Predictions And Sampling Strategies Of Alluvial Soils, Marcelo Mancini, Hans Edwin Winzeler, Joshua Michael Blackstock, Phillip R. Owens, David D. Miller, Sergio H.G. Silva, Amanda Ashworth

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Alluvial plains are vexing landscapes for soil mapping and spatial soil property predictions. Alluvial sediments often exhibit unpredictable spatial variability from both fluvial and anthropogenic disturbance. The determination of optimal number of soil sampling points for capturing soil variability remains a persistent issue for mapping and monitoring soil conditions. Here, soil organic matter (SOM) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were estimated in an alluvial plain from a dense array of 2145 soil samples over 250 ha. The primary goals were to i) use pixel-based statistics from time-series Sentinel-2 satellite reflectance data to estimate SOM and CEC; ii) evaluate the use …

Arkansas Corn And Grain Sorghum Research Studies 2023, Jason Kelley, Travis Faske

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

The 2023 edition of the Arkansas Corn and Grain Sorghum Research Studies Series includes research results on topics pertaining to corn and grain sorghum production, including weed, disease, and insect management; economics; irrigation; agronomics; soil fertility; mycotoxins; cover crop management; and research verification program results. Our objective is to capture and broadly distribute the results of research projects funded by the Arkansas Corn and Grain Sorghum Board. The intended audience includes producers and their advisors, current investigators, and future researchers. The Series serves as a citable archive of research results.

A Review Of The Interaction Between Potassium Nutrition And Plant Disease Control, C. C. Ortel, T. L. Roberts, J. C. Rupe

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Potassium (K) is an essential macronutrient involved in many physiological and biochemical functions that affect a plant's susceptibility to disease. These processes include stomatal regulation, enzyme activation, and solute transport, each of which is often discussed through the lens of either plant nutrition or plant disease control. However, the interaction between these stresses and the resulting physiological and agronomic impact is an important consideration when managing a cropping system as a whole and is scarcely addressed in the literature. Therefore, a review of the literature was focused on the interaction of K nutrition and the resulting impact on plant disease …

Soil Profile Distribution Of Nutrients In Contrasting Soils Amended With Struvite And Other Conventional Phosphorus Fertilizers, Tatum Simms, Kristofor R. Brye, Trenton L. Roberts, Lauren F. Greenlee

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Phosphorus (P) can be recovered from wastewater and used as an alternative fertilizer, namely, struvite [MgNH₄PO₄·6(H₂O)]. However, the soil mobility of wastewater-derived P and other nutrients needs to be evaluated. The objective of this study was to compare the vertical distribution of water-soluble (WS) soil P and other nutrients from a synthetic-wastewater-derived electrochemically precipitated struvite (ECST) to that from a chemically precipitated struvite (CPST), triple superphosphate (TSP), monoammonium phosphate (MAP), and a control in six soils from Arkansas (AR; loam [L] and silt loam [SiL]), Missouri (MO; SiL 1 and SiL 2), and Nebraska …

Weed Control And Rice Response To Microencapsulated Acetochlor And A Fenclorim Seed Treatment On A Clay Soil, Tristen H. Avent, Jason K. Norsworthy

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Recent research has demonstrated the ability of a fenclorim seed treatment to reduce rice (Oryza sativa L.) injury to acetochlor. However, all studies were conducted on silt loam soils and have not evaluated rice tolerance or weed control on clay soils. Experiments were initiated in 2021 and 2022 at the Northeast Research and Extension Center near Keiser, AR, to determine rice response and the effectiveness of delayed-preemergence (DPRE)-applied microencapsulated (ME) acetochlor (1.1, 1.7, and 2.3 lb ai acre⁻¹) when applied to a clay soil with and without a fenclorim seed treatment at 0 or 2.5 lb ai …

Agronomic And Economic Productivity Of Summer Annual Forage Systems Under Different Poultry Litter Application Methods, Ivanelle Meyer, Michael P. Popp, Christine C. Nieman, Amanda J. Ashworth, Phillip R. Owens

Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Faculty Publications and Presentations

Poultry litter (litter) is a nutrient dense fertilizer that increases nutritive value and yield in pastures in the mid-southern US. Nutrient losses due to runoff and nitrogen volatilization are common when broadcasting litter. As such, incorporating litter below the soil surface (subsurface) was evaluated in comparison to broadcasting in 2021 and 2022 by quantifying yield and nutritive value of annual forages. The study was a randomized complete block design with three forage treatments—sorghum-sudangrass only (Sorghum bicolor L.), cowpea only (Vigna unguiculata L.), and their mixture, and three litter application methods (broadcast, subsurface, and a no litter control). Litter …

Summaries Of Arkansas Cotton Research 2023, Fred Bourland

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

With current production costs and cotton prices, either record or near-record yields are needed for profitable cotton production in Arkansas. As usual, price volatility in 2023 added another level of difficulty in the quest for being profitable. Cotton futures traded between 80 and 90 cents per pound in 2023, with brief times below 80 cents and above 90 cents. In April, cotton futures dropped below 80 cents per pound, the lowest level in almost four months. This was due to an increase in certificated stocks, declining demand, and a growing world carryover. The average cotton price received by U.S. growers …

Characterization Of Zmsnrk1 Genes And Their Response To Aphid Feeding, Drought And Cold Stress, M. Aydin Akbudak, Kubra Yildiz, Durmus Cetin, Utka Yukselbaba, Vibha Srivastava

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

The SnRK1 complex in plants regulates metabolism in response to environmental stresses and glucose depletion, for stress adaptation and energy homeostasis. Through phosphorylation of various targets, SnRK1 orchestrates intricate regulatory mechanisms involved in autophagy, nutrient remobilization, and TOR activity inhibition, showcasing its pivotal role in coordinating plant metabolism and stress responses. The present study aimed to identify members of the SnRK1 gene family in the maize genome and characterize them using bioinformatics and expression analyses under aphid feeding, drought, and cold stress. The focus of the study was to conduct a comprehensive analysis towards determining gene diversity of ZmSnRK1 genes, …

Evaluation Of Late Season Potassium Applications To Arkansas Soybean, Carrie Ortel

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Potassium (K) deficiency is one of the most important yield limiting factors in Arkansas soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) production, although there are recently improved diagnostic and management opportunities available. However, several questions regarding the successful implementation of in-season K management in soybean production remain. Therefore, the research objectives were to (a) delineate the relationship between drought stress and K deficiency on soybean vigor, (b) identify the spatial dependencies of leaf-K concentrations at the production scale, (c) develop a leaf sampling protocol, (d) calibrate the fertilizer-K rate needed to correct varying levels of K deficiency at 15, 30, and …

Flood Timing And Flood Loss Impact On Effectiveness Of Florpyrauxifen-Benzyl Coated On Urea In Rice, Bodie L. Cotter, Jason K. Norsworthy, Thomas R. Butts, Trenton L. Roberts, Andy Mauromostakos

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Florpyrauxifen-benzyl has generated complaints and concerns around rice injury and off-target movement to soybean since its commercial launch in 2018. Developing a precise method for applying florpyrauxifen-benzyl was imperative for its continued use. Experiments were conducted in 2020 and 2021 to evaluate rice weed control as influenced by preflood application interval and flood loss following florpyrauxifen-benzyl at 30 g ai ha⁻¹ applied as a spray or coated on urea. In a preflood application experiment, coating florpyrauxifen-benzyl on urea and applying it the day of flood establishment and 5 and 10 d prior to flooding (DPTF) resulted in lower yellow …

Corn And Soybean Growth As Affected By Wastewater-Derived Struvite-Phosphorus Sources And Irrigation Water Types, Machaela Morrison, Kristofor R. Brye, Gerson L. Drescher, Jennie Popp, Lisa Wood

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Struvite (MgNH₄PO₄·6H₂O) produced synthetically from a stock solution of known phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) concentrations has been shown to be an effective, alternative fertilizer-P source for various crops, but little is known about the potential agronomic effectiveness of struvite created from an actual municipal wastewater source. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of soil [i.e., Creldon silt loam (Oxyaquic Fragiudalf) and Calloway silt loam (Aquic Fraglossudalf) series], fertilizer-P source [i.e., synthetically produced electrochemically precipitated struvite (ECSTsyn), real-wastewater-derived ECST (ECSTreal), chemically precipitated struvite (CPST), monoammonium phosphate …

Demanda De Irrigação Para Frutíferas Sob Cenário De Mudanças Climáticas Utilizando-Se Inteligência Artificial / Irrigation Demand For Fruit Trees Under A Climate Change Scenario Using Artificial Intelligence, Rafael Battisti, Waldemiro Alcantara Da Silva Neto, Renaldo Martins Da Costa, Felipe Puff Dapper, Elvis Felipe Eli

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Fruit growing, especially in family farming, has a significant income potential in small areas, but climate change is a major challenge. This study aimed to quantify the irrigation requirements for citrus, papaya, mango and passion fruit, in the Vão do Paranã region, Goiás state, Brazil. The climate data encompassed the observed periods from 1961 to 2020 and future scenarios from 2021 to 2100. The irrigation demand was obtained from the daily water balance, while the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was estimated using the Penman-Monteith method and then compared with an artificial intelligence tool. The future scenarios indicated a higher increase for …

Water Regime And Fertilizer-Phosphorus Source Effects On Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Rice, Diego Della Lunga, Kris R. Brye, Trenton L. Roberts, Jonathan Brye, Michelle Evans-White, Daniel J. Lessner, Christopher G. Henry

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from rice (Oryza sativa) systems have been correlated to water management practice, but to date, no study has directly evaluated three main GHGs (i.e., methane [CH₄], nitrous oxide [N₂O], and carbon dioxide [CO₂]) under flood- and furrow-irrigated conditions at the same time as affected by various fertilizer-phosphorus (P) sources, in particular the reportedly slow-release struvite-P source. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of water regime (flooded and furrow-irrigated) and fertilizer-P source (diammonium phosphate, chemically precipitated struvite, electrochemically precipitated struvite [ECST], triple superphosphate, and …

Arkansas Cotton Variety Tests 2023, F. Bourland, J. Gann, B. Milano, B. Guest, L. Martin, J. Mcalee

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

The primary goal of the Arkansas Cotton Variety Tests is to provide unbiased data regarding the agronomic performance of cotton varieties and advanced breeding lines in the major cotton-growing areas of Arkansas. This information helps seed companies establish marketing strategies and assists producers in choosing varieties to plant. These annual evaluations will then facilitate the inclusion of new, improved genetic material in Arkansas cotton production. Adaptation of varieties is determined by evaluating the lines at five University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture research sites (Manila, Keiser, Judd Hill, Marianna, and Rohwer). The 2023 tests at Keiser were adversely affected …

Evaluation Of Downy Mildew Resistance In Spinach (Spinacia Oleracea), Dotun Olaoye, Gehendra Bhattarai, Chunda Feng, James C. Correll, Ainong Shi

Entomology and Plant Pathology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) is an economically important leafy vegetable grown in the United States and world-wide. The downy mildew pathogen, Peronospora effusa (Pfs), is a major biotic constraint impacting spinach production and quality. The use of resistant cultivars is an economical and environmentally-friendly management option especially in organic production systems. As new races of the pathogen continue to appear, there is a need to continue to select for resistance to the emerging races. The objectives of this study were to evaluate a set of spinach hybrids and F2 breeding populations for resistance to Pfs race 5 …

Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2023, Nathan A. Slaton

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Rapid technological changes in crop management and production require that the research efforts be presented in an expeditious manner. The contributions of soil fertility and fertilizers are major production factors in all Arkansas crops. The studies described within will allow producers to compare their practices with the university’s research efforts. Additionally, soil-test data and fertilizer sales are presented to allow comparisons among years, crops, and other areas within Arkansas.

Achieving Wheat Self-Sufficiency In Brazil, Rogerio De S. Noia Junior, Maicon Nardino, Elvis F. Elli, Diego Pequeno, Clyde Fraisse

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Brazil is a leading grain producer and exporter, producing on average 6.6 million tons (Mt) of wheat per year from 2013 to 2023. However, to meet its average annual domestic consumption of 11.1 Mt over the same period, the country continued to rely on imports of 4.5 Mt of wheat each year. This dependency on imports leads to high wheat prices in Brazil compared to the global average.

Oxyfluorfen-Resistant Rice Tolerance And Weed Control When Using Oxyfluorfen, Casey H. Arnold, Jason K. Norsworthy, Thomas R. Butts, Trenton L. Roberts, Nicholas R. Bateman, Chad W. Shelton

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Herbicide-resistant barnyardgrass and weedy rice control, without crop injury, is a challenge for rice producers in the United States. Herbicides not initially labeled for rice, such as oxyfluorfen, are now being evaluated as new tools for weed control. The ROXY® trait allows for the use of oxyfluorfen in rice for weed control preemergence and postemergence. Experiments were initiated in 2021 and 2022 to evaluate (1) the effectiveness of preemergence- and postemergence-applied oxyfluorfen on barnyardgrass and weedy rice, (2) the sensitivity of oxyfluorfen-resistant rice to oxyfluorfen as a function of application timing, and (3) the influence of soil moisture on oxyfluorfen-resistant …

Evaluation Of Drought Tolerance In Usda Tomato Germplasm At Seedling Stage, Kenani E. Chiwina, Gehendra Bhattarai, Haizheng Xiong, Neelendra K. Joshi, Ryan W. Dickson, Theresa M. Phiri, Ibtisam Alatawi, Yilin Chen, Zachary Stansell, Kai-Shu Ling, Ainong Shi

Horticulture Faculty Publications and Presentations

Drought, a crucial abiotic stressor, markedly reduces the growth and yield of tomato crops (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Consequently, adopting drought-resistant cultivars and implementing breeding programs to enhance drought tolerance have emerged as enduring solutions to alleviate the adverse effects of drought in various tomato cultivation regions. In this study, 68 United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) tomato accessions were assessed in a controlled greenhouse experiment, encompassing both water deficit treatment and a control group subjected to standard watering conditions. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results of this study pinpointed four …

An Evaluation Of Bacterial Wilt (Ralstonia Solanacearum) Resistance In A Set Of Tomato Germplasm From The United States Department Of Agriculture, Theresa M. Phiri, Gehendra Bhattarai, Kenani Edward Chiwina, Qiurong Fan, Haizheng Xiong, Ibtisam Alatawi, Ryan Dickson, Neelendra K. Joshi, Alejandro Rojas, Kai-Shu Ling, Ainong Shi

Horticulture Faculty Publications and Presentations

Bacterial wilt (BW), caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is one of the devastating diseases in tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The use of resistant cultivars and breeding for genetic resistance is the most effective, economical, and environmentally friendly management strategy for this disease. It is necessary to screen diverse germplasm and cultivated genotypes to identify resistant resources and to develop resistant cultivars in tomatoes to combat the changing pathogen isolates. This study evaluated 40 United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) tomato accessions for their BW resistance to the R. solanacearum isolate P822 under greenhouse conditions. The tomato plants were inoculated …

Reconstructing The Last 71 Ka Paleoclimate In Northeast China By Integrating Typical Loess Sections, Juan Li, Kristofor R. Brye, Zhong-Xiu Sun, Phillip R. Owens, Zhuo-Dong Jiang, Tian-Hao Wang, Meng-Ge Zhang, Qiu-Bing Wang

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Long-term continuous deposits and well-preserved thick loess sections are natural archives for the reconstruction of global climate change. However, the loess sections are often discontinuous owing to soil erosions and accumulations. This study aimed at reconstructing long-term continuous paleoclimatic records by integrating the target sections of two typical loess sequences in northeast (NE) China. One section, the Dajiugang (DJG) section, was investigated and sampled, and the Sanbahuo (SBH) section was used as the target for integrating and reconstructing the paleoclimate. Sedimentary, pedogenesis, and luminescence dating analyses were conducted to analyze the potentials for reconstructing the paleoclimate by integrating two typical …

Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 25 2024, Several Authors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Letter From The Faculty Editor, Beth Kegley

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Featured Faculty Mentor/Student Team, Austin Jones, Ashley Dowling, Baylie Day

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Evaluating Efficiency And Accuracy Of Three Texture Analysis Methods For Blackberry Fruit, Rhys M. Brock, Carmen Johns, Katelyn Lust-Moore, Margaret Worthington

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

A major objective of the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture (UADA) Fruit Breeding program is to improve the texture of blackberry (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson). Blackberry varieties with improved fruit firmness transport and store well and may maintain superior quality under challenging postharvest conditions than softer varieties. Increased firmness may also make cultivars less susceptible to red drupelet reversion (RDR), a postharvest disorder of blackberries in which fully black drupelets revert to red after harvest. This research project aims to assess the efficiency and accuracy of three methods applied in evaluating blackberry firmness. The study compares instrumental analysis …

Stream Restoration Effectiveness In Mullins Creek In Fayetteville, Arkansas, Amadeo Scott, Shannon Speir

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Lotic waterways are vital for habitat, food, water, and flood protection, but urbanization poses a major threat to their integrity. Runoff from urban surfaces leads to pollution, flashiness, loss of biodiversity, and other symptoms, also known as Urban Stream Syndrome (USS). Streams can be restored in order to combat USS, but most restorations are not monitored, so their long-term effectiveness is unknown. This study quantitatively evaluated a decade-old stream restoration in Fayetteville, Arkansas, to assess its effectiveness in combating USS and achieving set restoration goals, and to gain insights for future restoration projects. Restoration goals included decreasing erosion and sedimentation, …

Weedy Rice Resistance To Imidazolinone Herbicides And Control With Glyphosate, Juan C. Velasquez, Veronica Hoyos, Nilda Roma-Burgos, Guido Plaza

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background

Weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a serious competitor of rice, causing severe yield losses. It contaminates and reduces the quality of harvested grain.

Objective

(1) evaluate the response of Colombian weedy rice accessions to glyphosate and the mixture of imazamox + imazapyr (F-IMIs) at commercial rates; (2) determine the resistance level of one morphotype of weedy rice putatively resistant to the F-IMIs from the objective (1).

Methods

Ten weedy rice accessions were evaluated for response to F-IMIs (imazamox + imazapyr 49.5 and 22.5 g a.i. ha-1, respectively) and glyphosate (960 g a.e. ha-1). One putative ALS-resistant and …

Non-Target Site Mechanisms Of Cross-Resistance Evolution To Florpyrauxifen-Benzyl In 2,4-D-Resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri), Jeong-In Hwang, Jason K. Norsworthy, L. Tom Barber, Thomas R. Butts

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

The evolution of herbicide resistance in weeds can reduce the herbicide’s efficacy, depleting crop yield and quality. Our group previously confirmed 2,4-D resistance in three Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) populations (R1 to R3). In the current study, the first filial (F₁) seeds of 2,4-D–resistant populations were subjected to screening tests for resistance to other auxin-mimicking herbicides, florpyrauxifen-benzyl (FPB; 30 g ai ha⁻¹) and dicamba (560 g ae ha⁻¹). Dicamba killed all resistant populations. FPB provided 100% control of only the R3 population. Sensitivities to FPB were reduced by 2 and 35 percentage …

Irrigation Demand For Fruit Trees Under A Climate Change Scenario Using Artificial Intelligence: Demanda De Irrigação Para Frutíferas Sob Cenário De Mudanças Climáticas Utilizando-Se Inteligência Artificial, Rafael Battisti, Waldemiro Alcantara Da Silva Neto, Ronaldo Martins Da Costa, Felipe Puff Dapper, Elvis F. Elli

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Fruit growing, especially in family farming, has a significant income potential in small areas, but climate change is a major challenge. This study aimed to quantify the irrigation requirements for citrus, papaya, mango and passion fruit, in the Vão do Paranã region, Goiás state, Brazil. The climate data encompassed the observed periods from 1961 to 2020 and future scenarios from 2021 to 2100. The irrigation demand was obtained from the daily water balance, while the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was estimated using the Penman-Monteith method and then compared with an artificial intelligence tool. The future scenarios indicated a higher increase for …

Letter From The Dean, Jeff Edwards

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.