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Articles 1831 - 1860 of 10146
Full-Text Articles in Agronomy and Crop Sciences
Contribution Of Red Clover To Maize Grain Yields, K D. Johnson, D K. Greene, J H. Cherney
Contribution Of Red Clover To Maize Grain Yields, K D. Johnson, D K. Greene, J H. Cherney
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Renewed emphasis has been placed on crop rotation systems that include a perennial legume. Reasons for this interest include protection of soil from erosion, protection of ground water from nitrate contamination, reduction of soil compaction, and potential for fewer inputs which could reduce costs of grain production. Barnes et al. (1985) reported that a nondormant alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) selected for increased Nin the root and crown had similar summer herbage yield as adapted dormant cultivars, but provided 62 % more symbiotically fixed N for a following crop than dormant cultivars. If most benefit is to be derived from cultivars …
Analysis Of The Effect On N Nutrition On Dry Matter Yield Of A Sward By Reference To Potential Yield And Optimum N Content, G Lemaire, F Gastal, J Salette
Analysis Of The Effect On N Nutrition On Dry Matter Yield Of A Sward By Reference To Potential Yield And Optimum N Content, G Lemaire, F Gastal, J Salette
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Previous work has shown that the N content of a sward could be related to the dry matter accumulation during the course of the regrowth by the following equation : N % = a(Wtb, where W is the weight of aboveground biomass and N % the N concentration of dry matter (Salette & Lemaire, 1981). The coefficient a represents the N % for an aerial biomass of I t/ha, and b characterizes the degree of dilution of N during the regrowth. When b = 0, N % remains constant during the regrowth. If b = I, there is an increase …
Nitrogen Fixation In Mixed Pastures Under Two Grazing Intensities, R O. Refi, C A. Navarro, C J. Escuder
Nitrogen Fixation In Mixed Pastures Under Two Grazing Intensities, R O. Refi, C A. Navarro, C J. Escuder
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In the Humid Pampa, 10 millions of ha present intrazonal hydromorphic alkaline soils with low P assimilable content and cyclic floods and droughts. Gramineous native ranges utilized for extensive cattle raising with low productivity levels occupy 70 % of the area. The lack of adapted legume and grass genotypes and little information about grazing management makes it difficult to increase production through implanted pastures due to their low persistence (Darwich and Gonzalez, 1982). To modify this situation an interdisciplinary study of four forage mixtures integrated by promising germplasm for that conditions was carried out. This paper is part of that …
Strategies Of Fertilizer Nitrogen Applications To Grassland For Beef: Effects On Production And Soil Mineral Nitrogen, N M. Titchen, R J. Wilkins, L Philipps, D Scholefield
Strategies Of Fertilizer Nitrogen Applications To Grassland For Beef: Effects On Production And Soil Mineral Nitrogen, N M. Titchen, R J. Wilkins, L Philipps, D Scholefield
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Experiments in Britain have shown beef production increases with fertilizer-N application to grazed grassland up to at least 300 kg N/ha (Wilkins et al., 1987; Baker and Mayne, 1988). However in view of the small offtake of N in the animal products (c.30 kg/ha) there is increased concern on the fate of the applied N, particularly in relation to loss of nitrate by leaching (Garwood and Ryden, 1986). This paper reports a 3-year experiment which examined the impact on production and on N movements of different strategies of fertilizer-N application and of the effects of removing grazing livestock at the …
Biomass Production And Nitrogen Transfer In Mixed Cropping With Glycine Max (L) Merr. And Sorghum Biocolor Moench, S Ogata, K Kuwata, H Saneoka, K Fujita
Biomass Production And Nitrogen Transfer In Mixed Cropping With Glycine Max (L) Merr. And Sorghum Biocolor Moench, S Ogata, K Kuwata, H Saneoka, K Fujita
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
It is well known that the mixed-cropping of legumes and grasses benefits the productivity and management of pastures (Ogata et al., 1986; Kawamoto et al., 1983). However, the effect of mixed-croppings on forage biomass production, and how to transfer N fixed to the associated gramineous plants in fields of low N fertility, is less well known (Simpson, 1965). The N accumulation and the transference ofN fixed in mixtures of forage type soybean and sorghum were studied as a model system.
Changes In Vegetation Of Various Meadows Under Differential Mineral Fertilization, S Benedycki, S Grzegorczyk, M Mlynarczyk, K Grabowski
Changes In Vegetation Of Various Meadows Under Differential Mineral Fertilization, S Benedycki, S Grzegorczyk, M Mlynarczyk, K Grabowski
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Permanent meadows and pastures occurring in the Mazurian Lake District (North-eastern part of Poland) constitute 32 % of arable lands. Most meadows are situated on peat soils (Olkowski, 1972). Continuous and successive changes take place in such populations. The moment some species decline, the number of others increases which are better adjusted to site conditions or human activity such as fertilization and the way of land use. These changes occur with different intensity depending on fertilizer doses, land use and site conditions which have not been well recognized with regard to permanent meadows (Olkowski and Olesinski, 1976, Eilart, 1986). Determination …
Developing Effective Nutrient Seed Coatings For Grasses And Legumes, J M. Scott
Developing Effective Nutrient Seed Coatings For Grasses And Legumes, J M. Scott
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Seed coatings provide a unique opportunity to supply developing seedlings with a source of nutrients to which each sown seedling has preferential access compared to neighbouring weeds, thus providing the seedlings with a competitive advantage during pasture establishment. A study of commercially prepared nutrient coatings (containing nitrogen [NJ, phosphorus [P] and sulfur [SJ) applied to seeds of perennial ryegrass showed that whilst the S component of the coating was effective, the P component was only partially effective, and the N component was ineffective in alleviating the respective soil nutrient deficiencies (Scott et al., 1985). The successful development of nutrient seed …
The Impact Of Renovation And Phosphate Fertilization On The Productivity Of Pastures In Uruguay, J A. Garcia
The Impact Of Renovation And Phosphate Fertilization On The Productivity Of Pastures In Uruguay, J A. Garcia
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Natural grasslands in Uruguay produce low yields of poor quality herbage and therefore intensive farming is based upon sown pastures of temperate species. Although quite productive, these pastures show high instability and after reaching a peak in the second year, herbage yields rapidly go down due to a consistent legume decline. They usually end up in the fourth year in a low producing grassy sward dominated by perennial grasses like tall fescue or by bermudagrass which is endemic in the cropping/pasture area. Thee lack of persistence is also common to other countries of the region and although the effects of …
Sur Les Teneurs En Molybedne Des Plantes Fourrageres Des Sols Liasiques Du Bassigny - Consequences Zootechniques, L Duval
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
En 1943, Ferguson et ses collaborateurs mirent en evidence que la teneur elevee en molybdene des plantes fourrageres est la cause d'une maladie des ruminants appelee scouring ou teartness et observee par Clarke (1855) sur les sols liasiques du Somerset (Grande-Bretagne); ils montrerent aussi que cette • intoxication molybdique ou molybdenose est prevenue et guerie par !'ingestion de cuivre (Ferguson et al., 1943). En France, c'est aussi sur des sols liasiques que des cas aigus de molybdenose ont ete identifies par Fretet (1959), a Is-enBassigny (Haute-Marne). Des determinations, effectuees par Flon (1968), confirmerent !'existence de teneurs elevees en molybdene clans …
Effects Of Changes In Fertilizer Use On The Composition And Productivity Of Permanent Grassland In Relation To Agricultural Production And Floristic Diversity, R J. Wilkins, A Hopkins, F W. Kirkham, C Sargent, O Mountford, C Dibb, J Gilbey
Effects Of Changes In Fertilizer Use On The Composition And Productivity Of Permanent Grassland In Relation To Agricultural Production And Floristic Diversity, R J. Wilkins, A Hopkins, F W. Kirkham, C Sargent, O Mountford, C Dibb, J Gilbey
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
More than 50 % of enclosed grassland in Britain comprises swards older than 20 years. There is much variation both in fertiliser inputs and in stocking rates, with the trend for increased intensity in use over the last 40 years now being succeeded by increased concern for nature conservation and the protection of the environment. In some areas financial incentives are given for the adoption of management practices intended to increase sward botanical diversity, but there is little information on the rates of change in botanical diversity and production as the management of an old sward is changed with either …
Phosphorus Requirement For Establishment Of Tropical Forage Grasses And Legumes, J A. Gomide
Phosphorus Requirement For Establishment Of Tropical Forage Grasses And Legumes, J A. Gomide
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Soil phosphorus level is a limiting factor for successfull forage establishment which, in turn, determines pasture productivity. Recommendations of P fertilization should not only be based on the available PO4 but should consider the soil P04 buffer capacity and the P critical value for the crop to be grown (Novais and Kamprath, 1979). This study aimed at the determinations of P critical doses and levels for the establishment of four species of Brachiaria and four tropical legumes, in five soils.
F.A.O Design K*B*P Trials In The Mid-Altitude Zone Of Yunnan Province, Southern China, J Bruce-Smith, Yang Guo-Rong, Huang Bi-Zhi, Li Ji-Xin
F.A.O Design K*B*P Trials In The Mid-Altitude Zone Of Yunnan Province, Southern China, J Bruce-Smith, Yang Guo-Rong, Huang Bi-Zhi, Li Ji-Xin
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The Project is investigating the development of « improved pastures » as a practical way to increase ruminant livestock production. Some preliminary results of fertilizer requirements, indicated that K and B may be required as well as P (Wang el al., 1985) for the establishment of such pastures in this mid-altitude (2,000 m) transitional sub-tropic-temperate zone of Yunnan. The objective of this paper is to present some experiences from applying the Hauser (1971) truncated factorial design trials (widely used by FAO to obtain N, P, K, fertilizer recommendations for cereal crops) to a pasture establishment situation where P. K and …
The Effects Of Reducing Or Stopping Fertilizer On New Zealand Dairy Pastures, M B. O'Connor, C Feyter, A.H C. Roberts
The Effects Of Reducing Or Stopping Fertilizer On New Zealand Dairy Pastures, M B. O'Connor, C Feyter, A.H C. Roberts
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
New Zealand agriculture with its reliance on legume-based pastures to supply nitrogen has a requirement for fertilizer inputs of phosphorus, sulphur, potassium and to a lesser extent, magnesium and various trace elements. The soils in the two main dairying regions of New Zealand (Waikato, Taranaki) are formed from volcanic ash parent material and are highly P retentive. Traditionally dairy pastures on such soils have been developed using heavy applications of P.K.S. fertilizers (750-1000 kg.ha-1 .year-1). Such rates have often continued for 10-20 years or more and scientists have repeatedly questioned the need for continued high inputs of fertilizer (Hutton, 1977; …
Effect Of Nitrogen Fertilization In Combination With Potassium And Phosphorus And Cutting Frequency On The Yield Of Brachiaria Ruzizensis In Adamawa, Cameroon, E T. Pamo, D Pieper
Effect Of Nitrogen Fertilization In Combination With Potassium And Phosphorus And Cutting Frequency On The Yield Of Brachiaria Ruzizensis In Adamawa, Cameroon, E T. Pamo, D Pieper
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Fertilizers have been shown to increase forage yields under some conditions (Owensby and Smith, 1975), but has very little effect under other conditions (Stoddart et al., 1975). Thus in recent years a great deal of attention has been focussed on the ways and possibilities of increasing forage production by fertilization. Various experiments have been conducted on the response of Brarhiaria ruziziensis Germain and Evrad, one of the best perennial forage grasses of the region, to fertilization at Wakwa Animal Research Station. Yonkeu et al., (1986) indicated that application of phosphorus did not lead to improved yield of the forage on …
Fixation De L’Azote Chez Le Trèfle Blanc (Trifolium Repens L.) Interactions Entre Le Deficit Hydrique Et La Fertilization Potassique, A Guckert, L Shamsun Noor, C Robin, D Schontz
Fixation De L’Azote Chez Le Trèfle Blanc (Trifolium Repens L.) Interactions Entre Le Deficit Hydrique Et La Fertilization Potassique, A Guckert, L Shamsun Noor, C Robin, D Schontz
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Le role du potassium au niveau de l'etat hydrique des vegetaux et notamment des processus d'osmoregulation est bien connu (Mengel, 1984). Dans ce contexte nous avons cherche a determiner l'effet d'un apport d'engrais potassique sur le comportement du trefle blanc en situation de deficit hydrique. Nos observations ont porte sur ]'evolution du potentiel de base, de l'activite photosynthetique et de la fixation d'azote.
White Clover (Trifolium Repens L.) For Low Input Pastoral Farming Systems, A D. Mackay, J R. Caradus
White Clover (Trifolium Repens L.) For Low Input Pastoral Farming Systems, A D. Mackay, J R. Caradus
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In temperate regions, white clover (Trifoliurn repens L.) is the predominant legume in pastures, because while fixing N it is able to withstand the stresses of grazing (Brougham et al., 1978). White clover is however a poor competitor for soil phosphate (P). This is of particular significance when many soils in New Zealand and throughout the world are P deficient. Regular inputs of P fertilizer are required to maintain the vigour and productivity of this forage legume. The increasing costs of manufacture and application of P fertilizer and at the same time the general decline in demand for agricultural …
The Effect Of Adjusting Soil Availbale N/P Ratio Through Fertilizing On The Growth Of Alfalfa, Zhongping Li, Shuzhen Wan, Jianqiang Zhao
The Effect Of Adjusting Soil Availbale N/P Ratio Through Fertilizing On The Growth Of Alfalfa, Zhongping Li, Shuzhen Wan, Jianqiang Zhao
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Our past experiments indicated that on calcareous soils, growing alfalfa for 5-7 years without phosphorus application led too large a soil available N/P ratio to keep the normal yield and quality of alfalfa production (Lin et al., 1964; Li, 1972). If phosphorus can be added sufficiently when alfalfa is grown, not only the Rhizobium nitrogen fixation can be promoted to keep a proper N/P ratio for alfalfa growth, but also a beneficial condition can be created for the following crops. (Li et al., 1988 ; Li, 1983).
Alimentation Minerale, Niveau Hydrique Et Utilization De L’Eau Par La Luzerne, Micheline Anneessens
Alimentation Minerale, Niveau Hydrique Et Utilization De L’Eau Par La Luzerne, Micheline Anneessens
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
L'eau est souvent un facteur limitant !es rendements puisque des problemes se posent au niveau de sa repartition dans l'espace et dans le temps. Aucune etude n'a encore montre comment dose et composition d'engrais interagissent avec l'humidite du substrat sur ]'utilisation de l'eau par une plante fourragere forte consommatrice de cette ressource.C'est dans ce but que le present essai a ete realise sur la luzerne.
Valorization Des Elements Mineraux Autres Que L’Azote Contenus Dans Les Effluents D’Elevage, J C. Taureau, D Ziegler
Valorization Des Elements Mineraux Autres Que L’Azote Contenus Dans Les Effluents D’Elevage, J C. Taureau, D Ziegler
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Les doses de lisier appliquees sur une culture sont generalement calees sur la valeur azotee du produit. L'apport comprend en plus des quantites importantes de P20s, MgO, CaO et oligoelements dont le role fertilisant merite d'etre precise dans !es conditions de plein champ. L'efficacite fertilisante du phosphore et du potassium a ete etudiee en pot (Amberger, 1982-83). Notre but est de montrer a partir de trois dispositifs de longue duree, dont un seul sera detaille ici, !es consequences d'epandages plus ou moins massifs de lisier sur la composition des fourrages et !'evolution chimique des sols.
Improving The Efficiency Of Phosphorus Fertilizer Use In Northern Australia, M Gilbert
Improving The Efficiency Of Phosphorus Fertilizer Use In Northern Australia, M Gilbert
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Phosphorus (P) deficiency is common in the extensive grazing country of northern Australia. Fertilizer recommendations for establishment and long term stability of improved pastures are imprecise because there is little understanding of the residual effects of P fertilizer in soil. Soil tests to monitor the fate of P fertilizer on cattle properties are of little value owing to variability, insufficient precision and the difficulty in sampling large pasture areas. Mathematical approaches to the problem are warranted in order to simplify fertilizer recommendation. Models to predict fertilizer P requirement have been developed for pastures (Bowden and Bennett, 1974; Probert and Williams, …
Improving The System Of Irrigated Cultivated Pasture Fertilization In Ussr, N G. Andreev
Improving The System Of Irrigated Cultivated Pasture Fertilization In Ussr, N G. Andreev
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The state cattle-breeding farm « Zarya Kommunisma » of the Moscow region is an example of efficient utilization of cultivated irrigated pastures. Here under the guidance of the scientists of the Timiryazev Agricultural Academy 961 hectares of irrigated pastures have been established (Andreev, 1988 ; Markin, 1987). 3500 dairy cows with the average 6001 kg milk yield per cow per year are being pastured.
The Influence Of Cow Manure On Forage Yields Of King Grass In A Ferrasol In Cuba, G Crespo, M Oduardo
The Influence Of Cow Manure On Forage Yields Of King Grass In A Ferrasol In Cuba, G Crespo, M Oduardo
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Experiments conducted in sandy and brown soils in Cuba demonstrated the beneficial effect of manure for accelerating the establishment of forage plants, and the possibility of diminishing up to 50 % the dosage of N fertilizer requirements to obtain maximum forage yield (Crespo and Diez 1978; Crespo and Arteaga 1984). The aims of the present experiments were: a) to determine the best time of application of cow manure and b) to learn the influence of manure and nitrogenous fertilizer on forage yield of king grass in a ferrasol soil.
Changes In Grassland Sward Caused By Different Levels Of Phosphorus And Potassium Fertilization, After 5 Years Of Application, K Krynski
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
There are many speculations concerning fertilizer management. Effects of the potassium fertilization are not univocal defined. The phosphorus effect is observed after a few years. Mistakes in proportions of the fertilizers applicated on grasslands appear often. Their effects are difficult to observe at once. Destructions of the long term unbalanced fertilization can be difficult to repair. The experiment is aimed at finding the effect of different levels of fertilization on grassland. The paper presents part of data characterizing the 5th experimental year.
Optimization Of Grassland Ecosystem Production By Anthropogenic Treatment, R Holubek, J Jancovic
Optimization Of Grassland Ecosystem Production By Anthropogenic Treatment, R Holubek, J Jancovic
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Abundant amount of the new knowledge was gained by an intensive research of grassland ecosystem in Czechoslovakia and other European countries during last 25 years. It was confirmed that under favourable humid conditions and sufficient macronutrients and micronutrients together with adequate Nfertilizing should be nearly reached ecologically conditioned level of potential productivity and dry matter or N-compounds yields should be increased by 100-200 or 200-300 per cent respectively (Velich, 1986). Introduction of scientific methods of controlled agricultural production together with higher landscape protection requirements, stability of ecosystems, quality and healthproved foods requirements have changed the traditional views to the nutrition …
Effets De La Modulation De La Fertilization Azotee Sur La Productive Du Brachiaria Decumbens, Francoise Artus-Poliakoff, F Champenhet
Effets De La Modulation De La Fertilization Azotee Sur La Productive Du Brachiaria Decumbens, Francoise Artus-Poliakoff, F Champenhet
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Pour le choix d'especes ameliorees, selectionnees pour !'intensification fourragere a la Martinique, Brachiaria decumbens presente une faible sensibilite aux phenomenes saisonniers (Artus, 1986), mais sa productivite n'en demeure pas moins variable malgre !'irrigation complementaire en saison seche (Artus-Poliakoff et al., 1988). La fertilisation azotee, indispensable a !'expression des potentialites de rendement d'une telle graminee, accentue ces variations saisonnieres par stimulation de la croissance en periode favorable a la vegetation (CaroCostas et al., 1960; Salette, 1971). L'ajustement du chargement a la quantite d'herbe disponible ou le report fourrager sous forme de foin ou d'ensilage sont des techniques difficiles a maitriser et …
Effect Of Fertilizer Application On The Productivity Of Native Hay At Syanboche Yak Farm, Nepal, D Pariyar, C Samuel
Effect Of Fertilizer Application On The Productivity Of Native Hay At Syanboche Yak Farm, Nepal, D Pariyar, C Samuel
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The Syangboche Yak Farm is situated at an altitude of 3700 m a.s.l. on the bank of Mount Everest. The annual maximum mean temperature is 7.6°C and minimum temperature 0.5°C. Rainfall is around 1103 mm concentrated between June and September. The soil type is characteristic of the alpine soils in the Himalayan area, lithosols and regosols. The pastures observed in the experiment are located in the highest level of the forest comprising mainly Abies spectabilis, Betula utilis, Juniperus recurva and Rhododendron anthopogon species. The forage resources of that zone are under permanent pressure due to the grazing of yak during …
Productivity Of Trifolium Pratense L., T Repens L., And Lotus Corniculatus L. In Acid Soil Of Highland Region Of Yugoslavia, M Jevtic
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Perennial legumes are an important source of fodder in highland regions of Yugoslavia. Three legume spp. were chosen for this trial: Trifolium pratense, T. repens and Lotus corniculatus (components of highland spontaneous ecosystems). Posibilities of growing them as pure stands were investigated when treated with mineral N, or seed inoculation. The effectiveness of inoculation depends on soil caracteristics: the best results were obtained on acid soils (Misistin and Siljnikova, 1968). The spontaneous types of Rhizobium trifolii and R. lotus exist in most types of highland soils in Yugoslavia (Vojinovic et al., 1978). The effect of inoculation is the most …
Experiment Of Trace Elements Fertilizer Spraying On Sown Pasture, Tu Minyi
Experiment Of Trace Elements Fertilizer Spraying On Sown Pasture, Tu Minyi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The application of compound phosphate in the way of rotationary fertilizing in sections in successive years kept the vigorous growth of pasture composed of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and white clover (Trifolium repens) in the first several years after the pasture was grazed in 1981. But the pasture could not keep the growing vigour even with the same level of fertilization in the last two years. Considering the unbalanced nutrition being one of the major reasons, a preliminary experiment of trace elements spraying has been undertaken in Nanshan Sown Pasture-land aiming at identifying if trace fertilizers …
The Effect Of Soil Acidity And Nitrogen Fertilization On Yield Of White Clover And Perennial Ryegrass In Pure Stands And In Mixture, P Stypinski, G Kocialkowska
The Effect Of Soil Acidity And Nitrogen Fertilization On Yield Of White Clover And Perennial Ryegrass In Pure Stands And In Mixture, P Stypinski, G Kocialkowska
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In spite of all advantages white clover is considered to be of a low persistency and is often eliminated from sward by various environmental factors (Frame, 1984). So the common use of white clover demands determining and examining all factors that influence its persistance. One of such factors is the low level of soil pH. Like all legumes white clover is susceptible to the high soil acidity. The tolerance of white clover to the soil acidity has not been determined precisely. This tolerance is from 4,2 according to Ziemiecka (1969) to 4,5 (Wood and Cooper, 1984). Frame (1984) recommends a …
Reponse Du Paturage Naturel A La Fertilization Azotee Sur Sol Basaltique En Adamaqua Camerounais, E Pamo, S Yonkeu
Reponse Du Paturage Naturel A La Fertilization Azotee Sur Sol Basaltique En Adamaqua Camerounais, E Pamo, S Yonkeu
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Les paturages demeurent et demeureront encore pendant longtemps la principale source d'alimentation des ruminants en Afrique. Cependant, au Cameroun en general et dans le plateau de l'Adamaoua, berceau de l'elevage en particulier, la baisse de leur production inquiete de plus en plus les pastoralistes. Aussi s'avere-t-il necessaire de trouver Jes moyens permettant de renverser cette tendance et d'ameliorer cette situation. S'il est certain que des etudes (Yonkeu et al. 1985; Yonkeu et al., 1986; Pamo et al., 1989) ont ete menees sur la reponse des fourrages cultives a la fertilisation dans l'Adamaoua, tres peu de travaux a ce jour ont …