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- Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences (160)
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Articles 121 - 150 of 375
Full-Text Articles in Agronomy and Crop Sciences
Farmers’ Adoption And Perceived Benefits Of Diversified Crop Rotations In The Margins Of U.S. Corn Belt, Tong Wang, Jin Hailong, Yubing Fan, Oladipo Obembe, Dapeng Li
Farmers’ Adoption And Perceived Benefits Of Diversified Crop Rotations In The Margins Of U.S. Corn Belt, Tong Wang, Jin Hailong, Yubing Fan, Oladipo Obembe, Dapeng Li
Economics Faculty Publications
Monoculture and simplified two-crop rotation systems compromise the ecosystem services essential to crop production, diminish agricultural productivity, and cause detrimental effects on the environment. In contrast to the simplified two-crop rotation, diversified crop rotation (DCR) refers to rotation systems that contain three or more crops. Despite multiple benefits generated by DCR, its usage has dwindled over the past several decades. This paper examined determinants of farmers' adoption decisions and perceived benefits of DCR in the west margins of the U.S. Corn Belt where crop diversity has declined. We analyzed 708 farmer responses from a farmer survey conducted in the eastern …
High-Throughput Phenotyping Of Rice Grains Subjected To High Nighttime Temperature Stress, Shannon Shareice Cunningham
High-Throughput Phenotyping Of Rice Grains Subjected To High Nighttime Temperature Stress, Shannon Shareice Cunningham
Student Theses and Dissertations
Rice grain size is affected by high nighttime temperature stress (HNT). Although studied in small subsets, the Rice Diversity Panel 1 has not been extensively studied to determine HNT effects on grain size. Accessions have been identified as tolerant and sensitive to HNT under greenhouse conditions (Dhatt et al., 2020). A high throughput phenotyping (HTPP) method and a PlantCV2 workflow were implemented in this work to determine grain dimensions. Seed area was found to be a good indicator of HNT tolerance with a coefficient of variation being 15%. Among tolerant accessions, seed area increased by an average of 1.57 mm2 …
Yield And Economic Performance Of Crop Rotation Systems In South Dakota, Hanxiao Feng, Tong Wang, Shannon L. Osborne, Sandeep Kumar
Yield And Economic Performance Of Crop Rotation Systems In South Dakota, Hanxiao Feng, Tong Wang, Shannon L. Osborne, Sandeep Kumar
Economics Faculty Publications
Crop yield and economic profitability, both highly dependent on local crop management, soil characteristics, and weather conditions, are among the most influential factors to consider when considering a cropping system. The objective of this study was to compare the economic returns of three different 4-yr diverse crop rotations with that of a 2-yr traditional crop rotation in eastern South Dakota. The rotations included were (a) corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]–spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–pea (Pisum sativum L.) (CSSwP), (b) corn–pea–winter wheat–soybean (CPWwS), (c) corn–oat (Avena sativa L.)–winter wheat–soybean (COWwS), and (d) corn–soybean …
Climate Adaptation And Water Conservation Decision-Making In Paso Robles, California Vineyards, Christopher R. Klier
Climate Adaptation And Water Conservation Decision-Making In Paso Robles, California Vineyards, Christopher R. Klier
Master's Theses
This paper examines vineyard perceptions and adoption of climate change adaptation and water conservation measures in the Paso Robles American Viticultural Area (AVA). A survey was distributed to all 220 vineyards and vineyard management companies that operate in the AVA, with a 53.64% response rate. The objective of the survey was to determine vineyard manager and owner attitudes towards climate change and adaptation, as well as their perceptions of how these threats would impact their operation. A second objective was to document the current level of water conservation and climate adaptation while identifying the barriers and opportunities for further adoption …
Crop Yield And Economics Of Cropping Systems Involving Different Rotations, Tillage, And Cover Crops, J. Singh, T. Wang, S. Kumar, Pete Sexton, J. Davis, A. Bly
Crop Yield And Economics Of Cropping Systems Involving Different Rotations, Tillage, And Cover Crops, J. Singh, T. Wang, S. Kumar, Pete Sexton, J. Davis, A. Bly
Economics Faculty Publications
Diversified cropping systems integrated with winter cover crops (CCs) and no-till (NT) systems can provide substantial soil conservation benefits in the midwestern Corn Belt of the United States, but there is uncertainty on how these practices affect producer profits. This study compared crop yield and economic performance from cropping systems that featured three crop rotations: corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.; two-year), corn–soybean–oat (Avena sativa L.; three-year), and corn–soybean–oat–winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; four-year); two tillage systems: NT and conventional-till (CT); and two cover cropping managements: CC and no-cover crop. Tillage and rotation treatments …
The Importance Of Communication Skills To Independent Crop Consultants, Lindsay Overmyer
The Importance Of Communication Skills To Independent Crop Consultants, Lindsay Overmyer
Doctor of Plant Health Program: Dissertations and Student Research
Independent crop consulting companies provide services to farmers by scouting (i.e., collecting field observations of plants and pests) and developing management recommendations for individual fields. In production agriculture, independent crop consultants (ICCs) are professionals who are independent of product sales. They are knowledgeable in many disciplines including plant pathology, entomology, weed science, plant science, economics, water management, and soil science. However, ICCs must also have extensive communication skills to communicate to their audience of field scout(s), farmers, industry professionals, and government officials. The goal of this document is to examine how ICCs use their communication skills and how they can …
Economically Optimal Nitrogen Side-Dressing Based On Vegetation Indices From Satellite Images Through On-Farm Experiments, Qianqian Du
Department of Agricultural Economics: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Optimal N fertilizer rates for corn (Zea mays L.) vary substantially within and among fields, and by corn growth stages. Improving N side-dressing management can improve fertilizer use efficiency, farmers’ profitability, and the sustainability of crop production. The objective of this study is to introduce a framework along with a methodology that can find the site-specific economically optimal N rates (EONRs) within one field for a particular growing season. An on-farm experiment was conducted in the 2019 corn growing season. A base N rate was applied uniformly on the field. NDRE images from the Sentinel-2 satellite were observed during …
Assessing Impacts Of Winter-Hay Feeding On Soil And Forage Nutrient Dynamics In A Rotationally-Grazed Pasture System In Arkansas, Lawrence Gordon Berry Iv
Assessing Impacts Of Winter-Hay Feeding On Soil And Forage Nutrient Dynamics In A Rotationally-Grazed Pasture System In Arkansas, Lawrence Gordon Berry Iv
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
More than 38 % of United States’ rural land area was used for grazing (i.e., pastureland or rangeland) ruminant animals in 2017, constituting the largest private land use group. The expansive nature of these lands means that grazing and pasture management decisions have potential to impact water quality as well as profit margins. As a result, beef producers are under increased pressure from economic and environmental standpoints to limit application of nutrients beyond those required to grow the forage needed for animal consumption. At the same time, a large amount of nutrients is recycled back to pasture systems directly from …
Understanding Producers’ Perspectives On Rotational Grazing Benefits Across Us Great Plains, Tong Wang, Hailong Jin, Urs Kreuter, Richard Teague
Understanding Producers’ Perspectives On Rotational Grazing Benefits Across Us Great Plains, Tong Wang, Hailong Jin, Urs Kreuter, Richard Teague
Economics Faculty Publications
Experimental findings on rotational grazing (RG) trials have generally differed from producer observations of RG outcomes on commercial scale ranches. Factors such as small plot size, short duration trials and relatively rigid grazing management that lacks responsiveness to the dynamic and complex social-ecological systems in grazing trials could all contribute to this disparity in outcomes. These differences call for a better understanding of producer perceptions of RG benefits. To fill this knowledge gap, we surveyed 4500 producers from the Northern and Southern Great Plains of the USA. Among the 875 respondents, 40.5% reported that they used continuous grazing (CG), 52.7% …
Evaluating Silicon Foliar Sprays As A Strategy To Improve Postproduction Performance Of Potted Basil (Ocimum Basilicum L.), Joshua Tebow
Evaluating Silicon Foliar Sprays As A Strategy To Improve Postproduction Performance Of Potted Basil (Ocimum Basilicum L.), Joshua Tebow
Horticulture Undergraduate Honors Theses
The objective of the study was to evaluate foliar silicon (Si) applications for effects on the growth and performance of container-grown basil during production and resistance to postproduction wilt in retail. Basil (Ocimum basilicum ‘Genovese’ L.) seedling plugs were transplanted into 10-cm diameter plastic containers with peat-based substrate and grown for 42 d in a polycarbonate greenhouse. Plants were irrigated with fertilizer solution consisting of a 17.0 nitrogen (N)-1.3 phosphorus-14.1 potassium water-soluble fertilizer dissolved in tap water at 150 mg∙L-1 N. Foliar sprays containing sodium silicate at 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg∙L-1 Si mixed with deionized water were …
Quality Determinates Of Rice Price In Open Bag Markets In Sub-Saharan Africa, Bailey Peterson-Wilhelm
Quality Determinates Of Rice Price In Open Bag Markets In Sub-Saharan Africa, Bailey Peterson-Wilhelm
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Weaknesses in the grades and standards system in low-income countries across Sub-Saharan Africa undermine the transparency of agricultural markets. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Ghana and Mozambique rice is predominately sold in open bags and if rice price does not reflect its quality, then inefficiencies may lead to consumer welfare losses. Importantly, it is possible that impoverished communities are priced out of the market due to inflated and inefficient prices. The objective of this study is to examine determinates of rice price by estimating the impact of selected rice quality attributes on rice prices in DRC, Ghana …
Sustainability Of Genetically Modified (Gm) Crops, Abdul Hakeem, Wajid Ali Shah
Sustainability Of Genetically Modified (Gm) Crops, Abdul Hakeem, Wajid Ali Shah
CBER Conference
This proposal identifies the methods used in the modification of crops, their production, modification, expansion, benefits, and carbon emission. Moreover, the special focus of this proposal is to explain the need for GM crops for developing nations which are witnessing exponential growth of their populations. Additionally, it pursues to determine how in the environmental and economic context, the significance of GM crops is overwhelming and cannot be overlooked. The greenhouse ePect reduction is the other essential output of the GM crops as shown through the illustrations.
Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors
Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors
Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences
No abstract provided.
Letter From The Dean, Deacue Fields
Letter From The Dean, Deacue Fields
Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences
No abstract provided.
Contents, Discovery Editors
Contents, Discovery Editors
Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences
No abstract provided.
Letter From The Faculty Editor, Beth Kegley
Letter From The Faculty Editor, Beth Kegley
Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences
No abstract provided.
Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 22 2021, Several Authors
Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 22 2021, Several Authors
Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences
No abstract provided.
Featured Faculty Mentor And Student Explore The Dynamics Of This Research Relationship, Alejandro Rojas, Evan Buckner
Featured Faculty Mentor And Student Explore The Dynamics Of This Research Relationship, Alejandro Rojas, Evan Buckner
Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences
No abstract provided.
Willingness-To-Pay For Halal And Branded Poultry In Northern Mozambique, Alison J. Creasey, L. Lanier Nalley
Willingness-To-Pay For Halal And Branded Poultry In Northern Mozambique, Alison J. Creasey, L. Lanier Nalley
Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences
While price typically drives consumers’ food-purchasing decisions in low-income countries, religious attributes associated with food production and corporate branding could influence buying patterns. In Mozambique, more than 46% of people were living below the poverty line of ($0.31 USD) per day in 2018. That being said, in the Nampula Province (the location of this study), which is the second poorest province in the country, over 25% of the population is Muslim and may be willing-to-pay (WTP) a premium for Halal meat products to uphold Islamic beliefs. Like many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, poultry is the fastest-growing source of protein. Since …
Long-Term Changes In Soil Surface Properties As Affected By Management Practices In A Wheat-Soybean, Double-Crop System, Machaela L. Morrison, Kristofor R. Brye
Long-Term Changes In Soil Surface Properties As Affected By Management Practices In A Wheat-Soybean, Double-Crop System, Machaela L. Morrison, Kristofor R. Brye
Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences
Long-term agricultural sustainability and productivity are controlled by the integrative effects of different management practices on the soil. Many Arkansas producers use the double-crop system to grow soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr] and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of agricultural management practices, including residue level, tillage, irrigation, burning, and soil depth on the change in various soil properties from 2010 to 2020 in a long-term, wheat-soybean, double-crop system on a silt-loam soil (Glossaquic Fraglossudalfs) in eastern Arkansas. Soil nutrients tended to accumulate over time, the most in the top 10 cm, …
The Role Of Peer Irrigators On The Choice And Intensity Of Use Of Irrigation Techniques, Noah Hayward, Kent Kovacs
The Role Of Peer Irrigators On The Choice And Intensity Of Use Of Irrigation Techniques, Noah Hayward, Kent Kovacs
Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences
The use and the proportion of farmland that uses prominent irrigation practices in Arkansas were evaluated. A bivariate sample selection model evaluated the determinants of the share of irrigated land in a farm that uses each practice. In addition, the relationship between the irrigation practices a peer uses and the use and intensity of five common irrigation practices was evaluated. If a peer of an Arkansas farmer used center pivot irrigation, this increased the probability that the farmer used center pivot irrigation by 66 percentage points. A peer that used pivot irrigation decreased the proportion of irrigated land that used …
Assessment Of Grain Safety In Developing Nations, Jose R. Mendoza
Assessment Of Grain Safety In Developing Nations, Jose R. Mendoza
Department of Food Science and Technology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Grains are the most widely consumed foods worldwide, with maize (Zea mays) being frequently consumed in developing countries where it feeds approximately 900 million people under the poverty line of 2 USD per day. While grain handling practices are acceptable in most developed nations, many developing nations still face challenges such as inadequate field management, drying, and storage. Faulty grain handling along with unavoidably humid climates result in recurrent fungal growth and spoilage, which compromises both the end-quality and safety of the harvest. This becomes particularly problematic where there is little awareness about health risks associated with poor …
Optimization Of In-Vessel Food Waste Composting: Enzyme Activity And Microbial Dynamics, Ayawovi Selom Ametepe
Optimization Of In-Vessel Food Waste Composting: Enzyme Activity And Microbial Dynamics, Ayawovi Selom Ametepe
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
A series of greenhouse-based, rotary-drum bioreactor experiments was designed to study microbial dynamics and enzyme activity during optimization of food waste composting. This work aims to optimize food waste composting by defining the best food waste-to-bulking agent proportion controlling conditions and by evaluating the food waste composting process when inoculated by a bacterial inoculant product compared to uninoculated compost. Three experiments were run in total. The two first experiments were conducted for 48 days with sampling at each step of composting, while the third experiment last 50 days and included one extra sampling date. In the first experiment, 50:50, 65:35 …
Impacts Of Postharvest Temperature Exposure Profiles On Rice Physicochemical Properties, Seth Graham-Acquaah
Impacts Of Postharvest Temperature Exposure Profiles On Rice Physicochemical Properties, Seth Graham-Acquaah
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Heated-air drying followed by tempering (HAT) is effective for increasing rough-rice drying rates without compromising head rice yield (HRY). However, heat exposure could affect rice end-use properties. Hypothesizing that the total amount of heat exposure incurred by rice during heated-air drying determines the trend and magnitude of changes in end-use properties, this dissertation sought to 1) characterize the effects of drying and tempering regimen on changes in end-use properties, 2) derive an index to quantify and compare the amount of heat exposure that rice kernels incur during active drying and, 3) relate values of this index to changes in rice …
Application Of X-Ray Imaging And Glass Transition Principles In Understanding Rice Kernel Fissure Formation, Zephania R. Odek
Application Of X-Ray Imaging And Glass Transition Principles In Understanding Rice Kernel Fissure Formation, Zephania R. Odek
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Rice kernels with internal fractures of the endosperm, fissures, tend to break during milling, leading to head rice yield (HRY) reductions. Minimizing kernel fissuring is thus an important goal of the rice industry. To minimize fissuring during the drying process, a better understanding of the fissuring process and the kinetics thereof is required. The goal of this research was to use X-ray imaging and glass transition principles to better understand rough rice kernel fissuring. First, because the instance when the fissuring process is initiated and completed during the drying process is not well known, an X-ray imaging setup that allows …
Rice Chilling Aeration: Assessment Of Impacts On Grain Quality, Process Modeling And Validation, Soraya Shafiekhani
Rice Chilling Aeration: Assessment Of Impacts On Grain Quality, Process Modeling And Validation, Soraya Shafiekhani
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The goal of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of applying chilling temperatures during on-farm, in-bin drying and storage to maintain rice quality. Specific objectives include to demonstrate the effectiveness of chilling aeration to preserve rice quality characteristics, determine the drying kinetics of rice under low temperature environments, and develop models to predict heat and mass transfer in rice kernel during drying at low temperature environment. To date, there is limited research describing storability or drying behavior of rice in chilled environments. However, it is understood that chilling of high-moisture, > 21% wet basis rough rice could reduce the time …
The Role Of Quality Characteristics In Pricing Hard Red Winter Wheat, Shane J. Roberts
The Role Of Quality Characteristics In Pricing Hard Red Winter Wheat, Shane J. Roberts
Department of Agricultural Economics: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
In this thesis, we empirically examine the role of conventional and end-use wheat quality characteristics on the pricing of hard red winter wheat (HRWW). We use detailed quality characteristic data as well as location matched price data for 50% and 100% harvest completion weeks and utilize a hedonic price analysis framework. We find evidence that end-use characteristics, specifically milling and baking quality characteristics, have a statistically and economically significant effect on the price of HRWW. This evidence suggests that, while HRWW producers are not directly paid premiums or discounts for end-use quality, they are paid indirectly through basis. Comparing results …
The Role Of Myopic Loss Aversion In Pre-Harvest Grain Marketing, Iyore Eronmwon
The Role Of Myopic Loss Aversion In Pre-Harvest Grain Marketing, Iyore Eronmwon
Department of Agricultural Economics: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
In this study, we investigate the role of myopic loss aversion (MLA) risk preferences on pre-harvest grain marketing decisions using a laboratory experiment. Prospect theory parameters were estimated to measure MLA. We estimated a power function for utility and obtained power estimates indicating linear utility for gains and concave utility for losses. We obtained a loss aversion parameter estimate that suggests the presence of loss aversion. We found evidence of probability weighting for both gains and losses. We classified individuals into three categories based on their MLA status. They are no NMLA, MLA, and high loss aversion (HLA). We observed …
Impact Of Covid-19 On Arkansas Field Crop Farms, A. Durand-Murat, S. Stiles, B. Watkins, C. R. Stark Jr.
Impact Of Covid-19 On Arkansas Field Crop Farms, A. Durand-Murat, S. Stiles, B. Watkins, C. R. Stark Jr.
AAES Research Reports and Research Bulletins
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is disrupting the global economy in unprecedented ways, and the agricultural sector is no exception. Prices of most commodities decreased since the pandemic began, which are affecting farm revenues and production costs. We assess the impact of COVID-19 on Arkansas field crop farms using the Representative Farm models, calibrated to the latest baseline published by the Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute. The results show that COVID-19 decreases the net cash farm incomes of all five farms, increases the probability of having a negative net cash farm income, and increases the cost of commodity programs. Payments …
Digital Mapping Of Togo’S Soil Fertility: Savannah Region, Aminou Saibou
Digital Mapping Of Togo’S Soil Fertility: Savannah Region, Aminou Saibou
International Programs
A soil assessment was carried out in the savannah region of Togo in 2018, aiming at drawing the digital map of Togo’s soil fertility and making fertilizer recommendations. Soil samples were taken from geo-referenced GPS points and were analyzed for parameters such as water pH, Organic matter, available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium. Thematic maps have been drawn using an ArcGIS package. The results showed that the soils of the Savannah region in Togo are mainly (84%) not very acidic (pH = 5.5 to 6.5), overall poor to very poor (84%) in organic matter (<2% OM), essentially poor to very poor (86%) in available phosphorus (<15 mg/kg of soil) and mostly very poor (87%) in exchangeable potassium (<90 mg / kg of soil). These results allowed the agricultural research institute of Togo to make fertilizer use recommendations and to develop, in partnership with Morocco, a digital platform (fertitogo.tg ) for decision making in crop fertilization.