Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons^™

Trials Indicate Best Lupin Seeding Rates, G H. Walton

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Trials on the seeding rate of lupins have shown that for most crops, at least 80kg of seed per hectare gives best yields. However the yields varied considerably, and in higher yielding situations, lower seeding rates were better.

Lupin Wild Types Introduced Into Western Australia To 1973, G B. Crosbie, John S. Gladstones

Technical Bulletins

Collection site data, preliminary rating of field characteristics and disease reactions, and measurements of seed protein oil contents.

Bulletin 3990 - The Narrow-Leafed Lupin In Western Australia, J. S. Gladstones

Bulletins - 3000 - 3999

Lupins are new as a commercial crop, but may be very old as a food plant. Types of the Mediterranean white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) have been part-developed and used as a subsistence crop for 3 000 years or more. Likewise the pearl lupin (L. mutabilis Sweet) has been grown for many centuries in the Andean Highlands of South America. In both cases the seeds are boiled and steeped in water for several days to rid them of their bitter, somewhat toxic alkaloids. They are then used directly as a valued protein source in human diets.

Bulletin No 4007 - Grasses In South Western Australia, J G. Paterson

Bulletins 4000 -

IThe grasses comprise one of the world's largest families of flowering plants, with over 500 groups or genera containing well over 5000 individual types or species distributed throughout the world. About 125 groups have been recorded in Western Australia but it is probable that the list is far from complete. About one third of these have ° been introduced from overseas.

The purpose of this bulletin is to describe those grasses which are more commonly found in the south-west of Western Australia. Also, as many people are interested in knowing the name and nature of a grass when they find …

Polythene Storage Improves Lupin Seed Germination, G H. Walton

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Seed storage trials indicate a practical means of maintaining sandplain lupin seed at a moisture content that limits hard seed development, leading to a commercially acceptable germination rate in the following season.

Bulletin No 4023 - Pasture Plants Of The Western Australian Shrublands, D G. Wilcox, J G. Morrissey

Bulletins 4000 -

The use of the shrubland pastures of Western Australia began in 1861 when Mr. W. Burges of the Bowes Station near Northampton sent a flock of sheep along the Greenough River to graze the country where Yuin station is today. Following his example, a number of other enterprising men established grazing areas along the river courses of this harsh and often drought stricken and forbidding land. By 1925, virtually all of the pastoral land of value in the mulga zone west of the Gibson Desert and the Great Victoria Desert had been developed, and by 1934, over four million sheep …

An Investigation Of The Nucleotide Cyclic 3'5' Adenosine Monophosphate In Young Hypocotyls Of Pisum Sativum L., Gary Marsh Hilton

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Concentrations of cAMP increased with time in pea hypocotyls assayed at 24 hour intervals over a period of four days. The highest concentration was 20.1 pmoles/mg protein which occurred in 96 hour hypocotyl tips. Ninety-six hour root bodies (dissected region between tip and embryo) achieved a concentration of 8.6 pmoles/mg. Concentrations of cAMP in embryos remained constant around one pmole/mg for three days and values doubled on the fourth day.

Hypocotyls, after germination for 72 hours, were dissected and incubated for various lengths of time in water and 3xl0^-8M IAA. Tips incubated for two hours showed a tenfold …

Bulletin No 3993 - The Control Of Saffron Thistle, G. A. Pearce

Bulletins - 3000 - 3999

Saffron thistle is a primary noxious weed and is widespread throughout the drier parts of Western Australia. When growing in pasture its prickly growth habit discourages animals from grazing amongst it so that its presence results in the loss of feed. In crops it reduces yield and results in dockage when seed is found in harvested grain.

Wild Oats In W.A, J G. Paterson

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

A summary of background information, recent research findings and current recommendations for the control of wild oats in Western Australia.

The Mediterranean White Lupin, John Sylvester Gladstones

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

"If you want to bring in a good lupin harvest, thrash your wife soundly before you go out sowing in the field". Old Syrian Proverb.

Lupin breeder Dr. John Gladstones does not beat his wife as recommended in the Syrian proverb above. Nor is he known to use ground up lupin seeds for the diverse cosmetic and medicinal purposes recommended in ancient Roman and other texts on lupins.

But his modern work on lupin breeding and development has undoubtedly been influenced by his detailed study of such writings.

In this article he discusses the history of the Mediterranean white lupin …

Subterranean Clover In W.A. 2. Characteristics Required For Agronomic Success, C M. Francis, B. J. Quinlivan, N. J. Halse, D. A. Nicholas

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Development of subterranean clover varieties is a rapidly changing scene, particularly in terms of farmer acceptance, disease and persistency problems. This is only to be expected, because this is an agricultural plant of only some 50 to 70 years standing, whereas many other pasture plants have been in common use for thousands of years.

The Doublegee Problem In Western Australia, D J. Gilbey

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Doublegee is native to South Africa and is now naturalised as a serious weed of crops and pastures throughout the temperate areas of Australia.

Doublegee was introduced for cultivation as a vegetable by English migrants to the Swan River Colony in 1830, and a bed of doublegees is known to have been sown at Mr. J. Phillips' property on the Canning River in 1833. However, the plant soon became a troublesome weed and its name was changed from Cape spinach to Tanner's curse and later to doublegee.

More than 180 doublegee seedlings per square metre have been counted in a …

Peanuts For The Ord, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Peanuts were extensively tested in experiments on the Ord River in the early 1950s, but it is only recently that varieties better adapted to heavier soils have re-opened prospects of commercial production.

The new varieties remain dormant after maturity and an irrigation just before harvesting allows the crop to be lifted with the soil friable enough to reduce harvesting losses and the amount of soil sticking to the kernels.

These varieties have been extensively tested in Department of Agriculture trials at Kimberley Research Station since 1958, and preliminary recommendations for crop production and pest and disease control have been formulated.

Kenaf : A Possible Multi-Purpose Crop For The Ord River Irrigation Area, I M. Wood

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Kenaf is a tropical crop which shows promise for use in paper pulp, oil and protein production; the young growth is a nutritious animal feed.

It has proved a highly productive crop in the Ord River Irrigation area, raising speculation about its possible use as a commercial crop there. In this article a CSIRO research worker describes the properties of kenaf and reviews research results with the crop on the Ord

Docks In Western Australia, J M. Allen

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

A survey carried out by the Department of Agriculture has shown that docks are the most serious weed of the higher rainfall areas of Western Australia. They are estimated to cost farmers $400 000 annually in lost production. One of the main reasons why they are important weeds is that they regenerate rapidly from tubers and compete with desirable annual pasture species. Also the upright dock flowering stems are woody and unpalatable. Individual plants become intertwined and deter stock from grazing summer pastures.

Results from the survey of the dock problem are given in this article. The findings show that …

Lysimetric Calibration Of The Bowen Ratio-Energy Balance Method For Evapotranspiration Estimation In The Central Great Plains, Blaine L. Blad, Norman J. Rosenberg

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Most reports show good agreement between evapotranspiration (ET) rates estimated by Bowen Ratio-Energy Balance (BREB) method and rates measured with lysimeters, although underestimation by the BREB model has occasionally been reported. This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the BREB technique in the climatic conditions characteristic of the central Great Plains, a region where a significant proportion of the energy consumed by evapotranspiration is supplied from advected sensible heat.

Agreement between the BREB method and lysimetric measurements of ET is good during non-advective periods but during advective periods the BREB model underestimates ET by about 20%. Data collected …

Pasture Seeds : Production Techniques And The Future Market Situation, B J. Quinlivan

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Like other farming and grazing industries, pasture seed production has its share of booms and slumps —perhaps more than its share. In Western Australia, the industry reached a high point during the mid-1960's when land development along the south and west coastal districts was at its height.

The drought year of 1969 and the subsequent rural depression saw pasture seed production fall to its lowest level for ten years and it is only in the last 12 months that there has been a revival.

With the sudden upsurge of interest last summer there will be many potential seed producers now …

Linseed : A Forgotten Crop, M L. Poole, R. J. Guyton, H. M. Fisher

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Linseed has become a forgotten crop in Western Australia. From a peak production of 6 200 tonnes from 12 500 hectares in 1969, and an apparently bright future, it dwindled to a bare 80 tonnes from 250 hectares in 1973.

This article looks at some of the reasons for this decline and, with linseed fetching all-time record prices on world markets, gives reasons why the crop should be grown.

Formation And Control Of Chlorophyll, Solanine Alkaloids, And Sprouts Of Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) Tubers And Carbonyl Compound Of Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill.) Fruits, S. J. Jadhav

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Part I. Formation and control of chlorophyll, solanine alkaloids, and sprouts of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers

Incorporation of radioactive carbon from acetic acid-2-¹⁴C (sodium salt), β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaric acid (HMG)-3-¹⁴C, L-leucine-U-¹⁴C, L-alanine-U-¹⁴C, and D-glucose-U-¹⁴C into the predominant glycosidic steroidal alkaloids, ⍺-solanine and ⍺-chaconine of potato sprouts was 4.88, 9.0, 15, 24, and 20 times less than that of mevalonic acid (MVA)=2-¹⁴C (DBED salt), respectively. The efficiency ratio revealed that β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaric acid (HMG)-3-¹⁴C was incorporated via acetate or acetoacetate. The distribution of radioactivity originated from D-glucose-U-^{14 …}

Faster Weed Germination With Early Cultivation, Geoffrey A. Pearce

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The key to cultural control of weeds in cereal crops is an understanding of the factors which govern germination of the weed seeds.

Covering the seed with soil keeps out light, provides a stable moisture supply and makes germination faster than if the seed is left on the soil surface.

Shallow cultivation at the start of the growing season provides the soil cover needed for fast, even germination of weed seeds.

Learning To Live With Clover Scorch, A Bokor, D. L. Chatel

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Recent research has increased our understanding of clover scorch disease in Western Australia.

An economic control has yet to be developed but it appears that management can be adjusted to reduce damage to pastures and there is scope for using resistant species and less susceptible cultivars to escape the disease.

A major research programme is in progress.

The Art And Science Of Plant Breeding, John Sylvester Gladstones

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The first part of this article described the evolution of crop varieties and their improvement by simple selection. This part discusses cross-breeding and the other techniques which underly most modern plant breeding programmes.

The purpose cf crossing is to generate new combinations of varietal characteristics. It does not create anything basically new. All the genetic "ingredients" of a new variety must be present in one or other of the parents.

Smooth-Stemmed Turnip, B J. Quinlivan, A. C. Devitt

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Cruciferous weeds are common throughout the agricultural areas of Western Australia. They include wild turnip, wild mustard, wild radish, charlock and raphistrum weed or short fruited turnip.

Another one—tentatively named smooth-stemmed turnip—has recently been sighted. Its exact weed potential will not be known for some years, but it is likely to spread through the south coastal districts where the climate and sandy surfaced soils favour its growth.

Bulletin No 3861 - Kimberley Research Station - Progress Report 1972, J. R. Mcalpine, R. H. Gunn, P. Jakobsen, R. Wetselaar, J. J. Basinski, N. J. Thomson, A. G. L. Wilson, D. H. Mackenzie, A. J. Millington, D. F. Beech, P. C. Owen, B. G. Williams, C. G. Blunt, A. Mcr Holm

Bulletins - 3000 - 3999

The systematic investigations of the potential of the Ord area for irrigated farming began during the Second World War when the possibilities of damming the river were first examined, initial soil survey was carried out, and agricultural experiments started. The Kimberley Research Station was established on its present site in 1945. A year later the State and Commonwealth Governments agreed to finance and operate the Station jointly, with CSIRO and the Western Australian Department of Agriculture being responsible for research.

The construction of the main dam designed to store 5,675 million m" ( 4.6 million acre feet) was completed in …

Frost Injury To Cereals In W.A, M W. Perry, A. G. P. Brown

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Late spring frosts commonly reduce yields and affect the quality of grain in wheat crops, especially in the southern, eastern and north-eastern districts. The damage is usually localised on individual farms, but is sometimes widespread.

Barley, and oats to a lesser extent, are also affected. Average losses of wheat in Western Australia have been estimated at 3 to 5 per cent, per year, or about 2 million bushels on current production figures.

Penstemon In Your Garden [Revised], Roger D. Uhlinger, Glenn Viehmeyer

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The Genus Penstemon

Penstemon Breeding: Emasculation • Pollen Collection • Pollination • Keeping Records

Selection of ParentaI MateriaIs

Species Crosses

Breeding Behavior

Sources of Breeding Material

Penstemon Propagation: Propagation by Seed • Propagation by Division and Layering • Propagation by Cuttings • Tip Cuttings • Single Node and Single Eye Cuttings • Striking the Cuttings • Rooting Mediums • Setting the Cuttings

Penstemon Diseases : Leaf Diseases • Soil Borne Diseases • Virus Diseases

Insects that Affect Penstemon: Aphids • Cutworms • False Plant Bug • Flea Beetle • Grasshoppers • Leaf hoppers • Slugs • Red Spider Mites • …

Bulletin No 3768 - Submitting Plants For Disease Identification, M D. Marcley

Bulletins - 3000 - 3999

THERE are several important points to remember when submitting plant material for disease identification by the Department of Agriculture's Plant Pathology Branch.

Firstly it is very important to collect a suitable sample because it is very difficult to determine the cause of a plant disease by looking at a completely dead plant. The sample should include the entire plant (before it is completely dead) including roots and soil. Then all the effects of the disease can be seen. For example leaf yellowing, dead areas of the stem, collar rot, root rot, eelworm damage, and disease of the water and food …

Grain Sorghum In The Ord Valley : Three Crops A Year?, P J. May

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

High temperatures and ample irrigation water allow grain sorghum to be grown throughout the year on the Ord River Irrigation Area, and observations in 1969-70 indicated that it may be possible in this area to produce three crops in one year from one planting, by ratoon cropping.

This article describes the technique and discusses its possibilities on the Ord.

The sorghum midge, one of the worst pests of sorghum, could well make ratoon cropping impossible, but the midge has not yet been seen in this area.

Management Of Dry Land Lucerne In The South-West, R Sprivulis

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

MANY dry land lucerne stands have been successfully established in the dairying areas of the South-West.

With good management these can remain productive for many years; poor management can greatly reduce their productive life.

Rapeseed. 3. Varieties And Their Growth Patterns In Western Australia, M L. Poole

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

RAPE belongs to the genus "Brassica" which also includes such plants as the garden cabbage, wild turnip and cultivated mustard.

The name is derived from the Latin word "rapum". meaning turnip.