Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons^™

Pengaruh Bahan Organik Berbasis Gulma Paitan Dan Pupuk Npk Terhadap Sifat Kimia Tanah, Pertumbuhan, Dan Hasil Tomat Pada Ultisols, Intan Abas Nur Khairunnisa, Anung Slamet Dwi, Sapto Nugroho Hadi

Jurnal Kultivasi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh bahan organik gulma paitan dan pupuk NPK terhadap sifat kimia tanah (C organik, N, dan P total), serta pertumbuhan dan hasil tomat pada Ultisols. Penelitian dilaksanakan di screen house Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto, pada bulan Juni sampai September 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan perlakuan faktorial 3x3. Faktor pertama adalah bahan organik tumbuhan paitan, terdiri atas 3 taraf, yaitu 0, 125, dan 250 g/tanaman. Faktor kedua adalah dosis NPK, terdiri atas 3 taraf, yaitu 0; 3,61; dan 5,42 g/tanaman. Seluruh kombinasi perlakuan dialokasikan ke dalam unit percobaan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok yang …

Deep Kernel And Deep Learning For Genome-Based Prediction Of Single Traits In Multienvironment Breeding Trials, José Crossa, Johannes W.R. Martini, Daniel Gianola, Paulino Pérez-Rodríguez, Diego Jarquin, Philomin Juliana, Osval Antonio Montesinos López, Jaime Cuevas

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Deep learning (DL) is a promising method for genomic-enabled prediction. However, the implementation of DL is difficult because many hyperparameters (number of hidden layers, number of neurons, learning rate, number of epochs, batch size, etc.) need to be tuned. For this reason, deep kernel methods, which only require defining the number of layers, may be an attractive alternative. Deep kernel methods emulate DL models with a large number of neurons, but are defined by relatively easily computed covariance matrices. In this research, we compared the genome-based prediction of DL to a deep kernel (arc-cosine kernel, AK), to the commonly used …

Uji Daya Hasil Jamur Tiram Putih (Pleurotus Ostreatus) Akibat Aplikasi Jenis Nutrisi Alternatif Dengan Pendekatan Bioklimatik Di Kabupaten Karawang, Rommy Andhika Laksono

Jurnal Kultivasi

Karawang merupakan wilayah di Jawa Barat yang sangat potensial dalam pengembangan budidaya jamur tiram putih. Salah satu usaha penerapan sistem pertanian yang berkelanjutan atau sistem pertanian yang peduli lingkungan dapat dilakukan dengan pemanfaatan nutrisi alternatif dan modifikasi bioklimatik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan jenis nutrisi alternatif terbaik yang mampu memberikan produksi jamur tiram putih tertinggi pada setiap posisi baglog. Penelitian dilakukan di kumbung percobaan Fakultas Pertanian UNSIKA, Kabupaten Karawang, dari bulan Januari sampai dengan bulan Agustus 2018. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial. Perlakuan terdiri dua faktor, yaitu jenis nutrisi alternatif dan posisi baglog. Faktor jenis …

Respons Klon Ubi Jalar (Ipomoea Batatas L.) Var. Awachy-1 Dan Var. Biang Terhadap Aplikasi Paclobutrazol, Murgayanti, Anne Nuraini, Megianti Agtari, Agung Karuniawan

Jurnal Kultivasi

Paclobutrazol merupakan salah satu zat pengatur tumbuh yang dapat digunakan untuk memodifikasi pertumbuhan tanaman dengan cara mempertahankan keseimbangan pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif. Setiap genotipe tanaman akan menghasilkan respons yang berbeda terhadap pemberian paclobutrazol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui interaksi antara konsentrasi paclobutrazol dengan dua klon ubi jalar serta mengetahui konsentrasi paclobutrazol yang terbaik untuk pertumbuhan dan hasil dua klon ubi jalar. Percobaan dilakukan pada bulan Februari sampai Juni 2017 di kebun Percobaan Ciparanje, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Kabupaten Sumedang, Jawa Barat pada ketinggian 750 m dpl. Jenis tanah tempat percobaan adalah Inceptisol, tipe curah hujan C menurut menurut klasifikasi …

Plant Hormones Differentially Control The Sub-Cellular Localization Of Plasma Membrane Microdomains During The Early Stage Of Soybean Nodulation, Zhenzhen Qiao, Prince Zogli, Marc Libault

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Phytohormones regulate the mutualistic symbiotic interaction between legumes and rhizobia, nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria, notably by controlling the formation of the infection thread in the root hair (RH). At the cellular level, the formation of the infection thread is promoted by the translocation of plasma membrane microdomains at the tip of the RH. We hypothesize that phytohormones regulate the translocation of plasma membrane microdomains to regulate infection thread formation. Accordingly, we treated with hormone and hormone inhibitors transgenic soybean roots expressing fusions between the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) and GmFWL1 or GmFLOT2/4, two microdomain-associated proteins translocated at the tip of the …

Comparison Of Morphological Traits In Cowpea Pod Length, Seed Number Per Pod, Seed Weight, Seed Color And Seed Density In Usda Germplasm Accessions And Arkansas Breeding Lines, Sora Imamura

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Undergraduate Honors Theses

The objective of the study was to compare and correlate the Arkansas cowpea breeding lines to the USDA cowpea germplasm accessions on the following morphological traits: seed color, pod length, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, and seed density. The seed density is defined as the weight of seed in gram per centimeter of pod length. Three hundred seventeen cowpea genotypes were used in this experiment. Out of the 317, 285 germplasm accessions were from the USDA GRIN and 32 lines were from the Arkansas breeding program.

T-test between Arkansas breeding lines and USDA germplasm accessions were done …

Cover Crops As An Integrated Approach For Pest Suppression And Pollinator Promotion In Arkansas Watermelon Production Systems, Paige Laurel Hickman

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Arkansas watermelon growers face a variety of insect pest and disease problems that have the potential to threaten yield. Integrated pest management tactics can provide control over these threats and are intended to cut down on pesticide use and its associated negative impacts like pesticide resistance, non-target effects, and runoff. Cover crops provide an array of benefits and can be useful in integrated pest management. Evidence has shown that certain cover crops can increase beneficial insects and suppress disease in the following cash crop. They can also provide important resources to pollinators. In order to build a better understanding of …

Effects Of Different Water And Nitrogen Regimens On Yield Of Winter Wheat Produced In Nebraska, Joseph Emory Davis

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Wheat is the 3rd most prominent crop in the United States and approximately 50% is exported annually. Nebraska wheat production is 11^th in the country, and it plays a major role in the state's agricultural economy, especially in western Nebraska. Generally, wheat is grown under dryland conditions and the region grows much more wheat on unirrigated land than it does on irrigated. However, deficit irrigation has shown great value in producing high yielding wheat with much less water than needed for other crops. Finding new ways to leverage irrigation in wheat production may help address the need to produce …

A Survey Of Soil Properties Affecting Vegetation Establishment Along Nebraska Highways, Shad D. Mills

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Vegetation along roadsides is important to prevent soil erosion, provide habitat and filter water running off the road. Along some highways in Nebraska vegetation does not readily establish and persist. It is thought that sodium and bulk density issues are the driving factor behind the lack of vegetation. After a construction project, the shoulder is seeded into the compacted soil, and salts can accumulate in the soil due to deicing agents being used during the winter. The purpose of our study was to determine if the bulk density and sodium are the driving factors of the vegetation cover. We also …

Evaluation Of Pheromone Mating Disruption For California Red Scale Control In Commercial California Citrus, Joel Timothy Leonard

Master's Theses

California red scale (CRS), Aonidella aurantii, is an increasingly injurious insect pest for the California citrus industry due to insecticide resistance, changing weather patterns, and shifting trade regulations. The presence of the insect on fruit, damages the rind of the fruit and high populations can cause dieback of branches as well as lower yields. Pheromone mating disruption of CRS has the potential to alleviate population control concerns and reduce insecticide use. The efficacy of the pheromone mating disruption technique for pest management of CRS was determined using the products CheckMate® CRS and Semios CRS Plus. CheckMate® CRS was evaluated …

Integration Of Cover Crops Into Midwest Corn-Soybean Cropping Systems And Potential For Weed Suppression, Joshua S. Wehrbein

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Cover crops have potential to provide benefits to agricultural systems, such as improved soil productivity, nutrient scavenging, weed suppression, and livestock forage. There are several challenges associated with cover crop integration into traditional Midwest corn-soybean cropping systems. One of these challenges is timely establishment in the fall, which is limited by the relatively late harvest of corn and soybean. Cover crop effectiveness is related to the amount of biomass produced, thus maximizing the growth period in the fall is desired. To address this challenge, we evaluated the potential to utilize early-season soybean maturity groups (MGs) to allow for earlier soybean …

Benchmarking On-Farm Maize Nitrogen Balance In The Western U. S. Corn Belt, Fatima Amor Tenorio

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

A nitrogen (N) balance, calculated as the difference between N inputs and grain-N removal, provides an estimate of the potential N losses. We used N balance with other N-related metrics (partial factor productivity for N inputs, and yield-scaled N balance), to benchmark maize yields in relation with N input use in the US Corn Belt. We first used experimental data on grain-N concentration (GNC) to assess variation in this parameter due to biophysical and management factors. Subsequently, we used N balance and N-related metrics to benchmark yields in relation with N inputs in irrigated and rainfed fields in Nebraska using …

Critical Time For Weed Removal In Corn (Zea Mays L.) As Influenced By Pre Herbicides, Ayse Nur Ulusoy

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

A weed control program that utilizes PRE herbicides and ensures a timely post-emergence weed removal could protect growth and yield of corn. The use of pre-emergence (PRE) herbicides for weed control could reduce the need for multiple POST applications of glyphosate in glyphosate-tolerant (GT) corn and provide an additional mode of action for combating glyphosate-resistant weeds. Thus, field studies were conducted in 2017 and 2018 at Concord, NE with the following objectives develop weed management recommendations that considers soil applied herbicides and determine proper timing of glyphosate based on the crop growth stage.

Therefore the material in this thesis is …

Arkansas Soybean Performance Tests 2019, J. F. Carlin, R. D. Bond, J. A. Still

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Soybean variety and strain performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture’s Arkansas Crop Variety Improvement Program. The tests provide information to companies developing varieties and/or marketing seed within the State, and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating variety recommendations for soybean producers.

Arkansas Soybean Research Studies 2018, Jeremy Ross

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Arkansas is the leading soybean-producing state in the mid-southern United States. Arkansas ranked 11th in soybean production in 2018 when compared to the other soybean-producing states in the U.S. The state represents 3.7% of the total U.S. soybean production and 3.7% of the total acres planted in soybean in 2018. The 2018 state soybean average was 50.5 bushels per acre, half a bushel lower than the state record set in 2017. The top five soybean-producing counties in 2018 were Mississippi, Desha, Phillips, Arkansas, and Poinsett Counties (Table 1). These five counties accounted for 33.7% of soybean production in Arkansas in …

Genetic Resistance To The Downy Mildew Pathogen And Mapping The Rpf Resistance Loci In Spinach, Gehendra Bhattarai

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) is an important cool-season leafy vegetable crop in the United States (US). Downy mildew, caused by the obligate oomycete Peronospora effusa, is the most economically important disease of spinach. A total of 17 races of P. effusa have been reported on spinach, and many of these races (>10) have emerged in the last three decades. The new races of the pathogen are continually overcoming the genetic resistances used in the newly released cultivars.

A detached leaf inoculation assay was evaluated, standardized, and validated as a new method to differentiate resistant and susceptible spinach genotypes. Disease response …

Evaluation Of A Global Spring Wheat Panel For Stripe Rust: Resistance Loci Validation And Novel Resources Identification, Ibrahim Elbasyoni, Walid M. El-Orabey, Sabah Morsy, P. S. Baenziger, Zakaria Al Ajlouni4, Ismail M. Dweikat

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Stripe rust (incited by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) is airborne wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) disease with dynamic virulence evolution. Thus, anticipatory and continued screening in hotspot regions is crucial to identify new pathotypes and integrate new resistance resources to prevent potential disease epidemics. A global wheat panel consisting of 882 landraces and 912 improved accessions was evaluated in two locations in Egypt during 2016 and 2017. Five prevalent and aggressive pathotypes of stripe rust were used to inoculate the accessions during the two growing seasons and two locations under field conditions. The objectives were to evaluate the panel for …

Metabolic Dynamics Of Developing Rice Seeds Under High Night-Time Temperature Stress, Balpreet K. Dhatt, Nathan Abshire, Puneet Paul, Kalani Hasanthika, Jaspreet Sandhu, Qi Zhang, Toshihiro Obata, Harkamal Walia

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

High temperature stress during rice reproductive development results in yield losses. Reduced grain yield and grain quality has been associated with high temperature stress, and specifically with high night-time temperatures (HNT). Characterizing the impact of HNT on the phenotypic and metabolic status of developing rice seeds can provide insights into the mechanisms involved in yield and quality decline. Here, we examined the impact of warmer nights on the morphology and metabolome during early seed development in six diverse rice accessions. Seed size was sensitive to HNT in four of the six genotypes, while seed fertility and seed weight were unaffected. …

Legacy Effects Of Biodegradable Mulch And Soil Amendments On Vegetable Crops And The Soil, Elise V. H. Reid

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Plastic film mulches are used in horticulture to manage weeds, improve water retention, and increase soil temperature. Bioplastics and biofabrics are potentially sustainable alternatives to plastic film; however, they have different rates of in soil degradation. Polylactic acid (PLA) is a 100% biobased polymer that degrades slowly, but could fulfill organic certification to be soil incorporated. Mater-Bi is a commercially available biodegradable plastic (bioplastic), which degrades quickly, but cannot be incorporated in organic systems. Our objectives were to determine the individual and combined effects of soil amendments and residual mulch on vegetable crop yield and soil fertility. In a two-year …

Ghd8 Controls Rice Photoperiod Sensitivity By Forming A Complex That Interacts With Ghd7, Peng Wang, Rong Gong, Ying Yang, Sibin Yu

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Background: Flowering time is one of the most important agronomic characteristics that ultimately determine yield potential and eco-geographical adaptation in crops. Ghd8 and Ghd7, two major flowering genes, have similar functions and large pleiotropic effects in controlling the heading date, plant height and grain yield of rice. However, these gene interactions at the genetic and molecular levels have not been determined to date.

Results: In this study, we investigated the genetic interaction between Ghd8 and Ghd7 by using a set of near-isogenic lines and a panel of natural germplasm accessions in rice. We found that Ghd8 affected multiple agronomic traits …

Application Of Autofluorescence For Confocal Microscopy To Aid In Archaeoparasitological Analyses, Johnica Jo Morrow, Christian Elowsky

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to examine archaeoparasitological specimens from coprolites associated with La Cueva de los Muertos Chiquitos (CMC) located near present-day Durango, Mexico. The eggs for 4 different types of parasites recovered from CMC coprolites were imaged using CLSM to assist with identification efforts. While some of the parasite eggs recovered from CMC coprolites were readily identified using standard light microscopy (LM), CLSM provided useful data for more challenging identifications by highlighting subtle morphological features and enhancing visualization of parasite egg anatomy. While other advanced microscopy techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), may also detect …

Canavalia And Dolichos Extracts For Sustainable Pest Biocontrol And Plant Nutrition Improvement In El Salvador, Carlos Martinez

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Botanical repellents and pesticides are now being rediscovered as new tools for integrated pest management in order to reduce the use of toxic chemicals in crop production. Canavalia gladiata and Dolichos lablab are two Fabaceae very well adapted to farmlands of El Salvador, effective as living barriers and mostly as cover crops, however, they are not yet very well disseminated. This document describes the potential for using the liquid extracts and the dry flour of raw seeds of those plants for economic benefit and practical convenience for pest management in Salvadorian agriculture under field conditions. Seed extracts were useful when …

Arkansas Corn And Grain Sorghum Performance Tests 2019, J. F. Carlin, R. D. Bond, J. A. Still

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Corn and grain sorghum performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture. The tests provide information to companies marketing seed within the state and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating recommendations for producers. The 2019 corn performance tests contained 74 hybrids and were conducted at the Northeast Research and Extension Center (NEREC) at Keiser, the Lon Mann Cotton Research Station (LMCRS) near Marianna, the Bell Farming Company near Des Arc, the Rohwer Research Station (RRS) near Rohwer and the Rice Research and Extension Center (RREC) near Stuttgart. The 2019 …

Arkansas Wheat Cultivar Performance Tests 2018-2019, R. E. Mason, R. G. Miller, D. E. Moon, J. P. Kelley

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Wheat cultivar performance tests are conducted each year in Ark- ansas by the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture’s Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences. The tests provide information to companies developing cultivars and marketing seed within the state and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating cultivar recommendations for small-grain producers. The tests are conducted at the Northeast Research and Extension Center at Keiser, the Vegetable Substation near Kibler, the Lon Mann Cotton Research Station near Marianna, the Newport Extension Center near Newport, the Rohwer Research Station near Rohwer, the Pine Tree …

Summaries Of Arkansas Cotton Research 2018, Fred Bourland

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Arkansas ended the 2018 season ranked 5th nationally in harvested acres (480,000 acres), 4th in lint yield (1150 lb/acre), and 4th in total production (1,150,000 bales). The string of consecutive years with good yields is helping to drive the increase in cotton acres. Harvest and ginning capacity is a major limiting factor for acre expansion. Cotton planting intentions for 2019 released in late March are at 580,000 acres, up 20% from the 485,000 acres planted in 2018. This continues to push the ginning capacity of 28 gins in 2018 and on-farm picker capacity to the limit. Optimism for cotton is …

Pengaruh Komposisi Media Tanam Dan Waktu Aplikasi Zat Pengatur Tumbuh Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Benih Kentang (Solanum Tuberosum L.) G2 Kultivar Medians Di Dataran Medium Jatinangor, Jajang Sauman Hamdani, Tessa Prima Dewi, Wawan Sutari

Jurnal Kultivasi

Kentang termasuk jenis sayuran komersial bernilai tinggi yang dapat dijadikan sebagai pangan alternatif. Rendahnya ketersediaan benih kentang dapat berpengaruh terhadap produksi kentang. Terbatasnya lahan penanaman kentang di dataran tinggi sehingga diperlukan ekstensifikasi di dataran medium melalui rekayasa media tumbuh dan hormon tumbuh yang bisa mengurangi efek negatif penanaman kentang di dataran medium. Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui interaksi antara komposisi media tanam dengan waktu aplikasi zat pengatur tumbuh terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil benih kentang G2 kultivar Medians di dataran medium Jatinangor. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Ciparanje, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak Kelompok …

Pengaruh Dosis Kascing Dan Bioaktivator Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Sawi (Brassica Juncea L.) Yang Dibudidayakan Secara Organik, Agus Wahyudin, Aep Wawan Irwan

Jurnal Kultivasi

Peningkatan produktivitas sawi (Brassica juncea L.) dapat dilakukan secara organik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh dosis kascing dan penggunaan bioaktivator terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman sawi. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), terdiri atas sembilan kombinasi perlakuan dan diulang empat kali, masing-masing kombinasi perlakuan adalah: tanpa kascing dan tanpa bioaktivator; kascing 5 ton/ha dan tanpa bioaktivator; kascing 5 ton/ha dan bioaktivator 4 mL/L; kascing 10 ton/ha dan tanpa bioaktivator; kascing 10 ton/ha dan bioaktivator 4 mL/L; kascing 15 ton/ha dan tanpa bioaktivator; kascing 15 ton/ha dan bioaktivator 4 mL/L; kascing 20 ton/ha dan tanpa bioaktivator; serta kascing …

An Integrated Genomics And Phenomics Approach To Study The Evolution Of C4 Photosynthesis, Daniel Santana De Carvalho

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The C4 photosynthetic pathway was first described over 50 years ago. Today, it is known that C4 evolved independently > 60 in plant lineages, which involves understanding not only the genetic, but also the metabolic features and differences involved in this process. Also, several adaptations are involved in the evolution of this type of photosynthesis, for example: changes in leaf anatomy and the evolution of kranz anatomy, physiology and metabolic pathways. In order to further investigate this pathway, different technologies and methods have been developed to unravel genes involved in C4 photosynthesis. With the advances in molecular biology and bioinformatics tools …

Microbial Response To Biodegradable Mulch: Can Degradation Rate Be Accelerated By Management?, M. Benjamin Samuelson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Single-use, petroleum-based polyethylene mulch is ubiquitous in certified organic mulched vegetable systems, representing a broken nutrient cycle and a waste concern. Current organic-allowable biodegradable mulches cannot match the performance of polyethylene, in part because of the requirements that they contain 100% bio-based feedstock, and biodegrade within two years after soil incorporation. It is valuable to understand whether management can influence postharvest degradation rate of mulch films. Two biodegradable mulches: a potentially organic nonwoven polylactic acid and wood particle prototype (PLA), and a widely-adopted non-organic starch/copolymer blend, Bio360® (BLK), were used in field trials in two distinct ecoregions of Nebraska, at …

Rust And Viral Mosaic Diseases In Biofuel Switchgrass, Anthony A. Muhle

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a perennial warm-season monocot that is indigenous to locations in North America east of the Rocky Mountains, and is considered a model grass for biofuel feedstock production. As switchgrass production increases, diseases pose a potential threat to biomass production and ethanol extraction. The two predominant switchgrass diseases in Nebraska are rust caused by Puccinia spp. and a viral mosaic disease caused by Panicum mosaic virus (PMV) and its associated Satellite panicum mosaic virus (SPMV). In this thesis, one study determined how SPMV affects PMV infection and systemic spread in two populations of switchgrass at different …