Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons^™

Developmental Morphology Of Tropical Sorghum And Sorghum X Sudangrass, R. B. Mitchell, K. J. Moore, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, T. A. Peterson, L. E. Moser, D. D. Redfearn

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Tropical sorghum and sorghum x sudangrass are known to be efficient scavengers of soil nitrogen and are important forage crops in the U.S. Nitrate contamination of groundwater due to disposal of organic wastes and excessive fertilization is a major concern in the Central Great Plains. A common disposal method of municipal wastes is application to fallow cropland. Quantification of the developmental morphology of tropical sorghum and sorghum x sudangrass is important to developing management strategies that allow multiple applications of organic wastes to optimize nitrogen removal and dry matter production. The objective of this study was to quantify the developmental …

Genetic Manipulation Of Tall Fescue, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, D. A. Sleper

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Genetic manipulation of tall fescue (Festuca arnndinacea Schreb.) has not been altered by the discovery of the Acremonium coenophialum (Morgan-Jones and Gams) / grass interaction. However, tall fescue breeding programs have been affected greatly. The basic methods for genetically manipulating the grass have remained static. Tall fescue is an obligate out-crossing species, and most improvements are, therefore, captured in the form of an improved population developed through some form of mass or recurrent selection. What has changed is the breeder's ability to recognize genetic differences in the grass because of the confounding effect of A. coenophialum on plant phenotype. It …

Comparison Of Sorghum And Indiangrass Chloroplast Genomes Using Rflps, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, R. D. Lee, D. J. Lee, K. P. Vogel

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash) appear closely related based on morphological and chemotaxonomic characters. Each species could potentially provide desirable traits to the other. However, traditional breeding techniques have been unsuccessful in hybridizing these two species. The objective of this study was to determine the relatedness of sorghum and indiangrass chloroplast DNA using RFLPs. Eleven sorghum lines in several cytoplasms, two indiangrass popu1ations, and a corn line were studied using 60 proberestriction enzyme combinations. Principal component analysis of the results showed sorghum to be as closely related to corn as to indiangrass, with no …

Bulletin 4256 - Pecan Nut Cultivation, Aldo Labrosciano

Bulletins 4000 -

Pecans Carya illinoensis, an indigenous species to Northern America, are successfully grown between the latitudes of 25° and 35°. There is considerable variation in size and flavour of the 1000 or more varieties of the nuts.

Large scale production is concentrated in north America, Israel and South Africa. Plantings in Australia are in Victoria and New South Wales, and are developing slowly in Western Australia.

Pecans are well suited to Western Australian conditions where the soil is well drained. Though the trees are deciduous, they have no chill requirement and will flourish if water is not limiting.

Bulletin No 4247 - Introduction To Commercial Mushroom Growing, Margaret Graham

Bulletins 4000 -

No abstract provided.

Breeding Systems For Cross-Pollinated Perennial Grasses, K. P. Vogel, Jeffrey F. Pedersen

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

I. Introduction

II. Reproductive and Breeding Characteristics

III. Breeding Systems

A. Ecotype Selection

B. Recurrent, RestricteclPhenotypic Selection

C. Half-sib Progeny Test

D. Between and Within Family Selection

E. Recurrent Multistep Family Selection

IV. Gains From Selection

A. Time Interval per Cycle

B. Potential Gain per Cycle .

C. Potential Inbreeding per Cycle

V. Polycrossing

VI. Hybrid Cultivars

VII. Conclusions

Literature Cited

West River Agricultural Research And Extension Center Progress Report, 1992, Agricultural Experiment Station

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This is the 1991 annual progress report of the West River Crops and Soils Research Projects, South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. This document includes reports on: weather and climate, grain variety trials, management and tillage, and weed and pest control.

Visions For Agriculture, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Agriculture reports

This workshop grew out of a conversation between Maurice Barnes, a Trayning farmer and member of the Research Advisory Committee of the Dryland Research Institute, and Steve Porritt, the officer in charge of the Dryland Research Institute at Merredin. Maurice was interested in the idea of posing the question 'What would agriculture be like if we had known as much about this landscape in 1829 as we know now?', to a group of farmers and others interested in the central wheatbelt and its future. Maurice saw this question as a first step toward achieving some shared vision for the future …

No-Tillage Seeders And Their Adoption In North America With Relevance To Western Australia, J K. Bligh

Resource management technical reports

The adoption of no-tillage seeders appears generally to be at a similar stage in North America as in Western Australia. One notable difference is the communication provided by several no-tillage farmers organisations, such as the Manitoba-North Dakota Zero Tillage Farmers Association. Since almost all development of no-tillage systems has been carried out by farmers, such associations have proven invaluable in directly providing communication with their peers.

Bulletin 4241 - Chemical Control Of Insect Pests In Field Crops And Pastures, T. P. Quinn, G. P. Mangano, P. J. Michael

Bulletins 4000 -

Chemicals currently registered in Western Australia for use against pests of field crops and pasture are given in the table below. Trade names are listed alongside each chemical formulation.

Department of Agriculture Bulletin 4185 "Insect and allied pests of extensive fanning" will help you identify the pest(s) through coloured photographs, descriptions and keys. Information on the type of damage, life cycle and control is also provided. Further information is available in Farmnotes on specific pests and on pests of a particular crop.

The Poison Schedule for each product is indicated in the table. Extremely toxic chemicals are labelled as "dangerous …

Forage Variety Performance Test 1990-1991, Herbert Honeycutt

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

This report summarizes the results of forage variety tests that were conducted at the Main Agricultural Experiment Station at Fayetteville, Arkansas; the Strawberry Substation near Bald Knob, Arkansas; and the Livestock and Forestry Branch Station near Batesville, Arkansas.

Jasmonate, Genes, And Fragrant Signals, Paul E. Staswick

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Although first recognized for its growth-inhibiting activity about 20 years ago, JA² and its fragrant methyl ester MeJA (referred to here collectively as jasmonate) are receiving renewed interest as potentially important signaling molecules in plants. This is because jasmonate markedly increases the expression of specific plant genes, some of which are wound responsive. Similarities with fatty acid-derived stress signaling molecules in animals (1) make jasmonate of general biological interest.

A Review Of Plant Introductions To The Kimberley 1955 To 1987, R Mccartney

Grain and other field crops published reports

This report summarizes the work done by the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, in the west and north Kimberley in introducing plant species during 1955-1987.

For the purposes of this repor1the following areas are defined thus:

• West Kimberley- lies between latitude 17°5 and 19°5 and longitude 121°E and 127°E, with an extension to the north of 1° between 121°E and I 24°20'E. The area is 118,000 km".

• North Kimberley - lies north of latitude 17°5 and between longitude 124°20'E and 127°30'E. The area is 85,000 km'.

• East Kimberley-lies north of latitude 19°5 and between longitude 127°30'E and …

Review Of The Wild Oat Inflorescence And Seed: Anatomy, Development And Morphology, M. V. S. Raju, David M. Sutherland

Biology Faculty Publications

This slim volume describes a detailed study of the reproductive parts of Avena fatua, the wild oat plant-a common weed in the northern plains and the probable ancestor of the cultivated oat. The book integrates the author's own work with information from available literature and includes lengthy technical descriptions of the structure and the growth of the inflorescence, the floret, the ovule, the pollen grain, the embryo, the seed, and the young seedling. Throughout the work, the author relates the wild oat's structure and development to other grasses, other monocotyledons, and other seed plants, offering evolutionary interpretations of many of …

Miscellaneous Publication 28/91 - Midas (Model Of An Integrated Dryland Agricultural System), David J. Pannell, Andrew Bathgate

Farm Systems and Economics published reports

MIDAS is a bioeconomic model of mixed crop/livestock farms in Western Australia. It selects farm management strategies which maximise profit subject to resource, technical and environmental constraints using the linear programming technique. This document provides a thorough documentation of the version of MIDAS developed for the "eastern wheatbelt" region. If you are learning to use MIDAS with the MARG menu driven system, you need to read the MARG manual as well as this documentation.

From early in the life of MIDAS, we gave a high priority to making the data and assumptions readily accessible in documentation and in microcomputer spreadsheet …

Bulletin No 4219 - Chemical Control Of Insect Pests In Field Crops And Pastures, T. P. Quinn, G. P. Mangano, P. J. Michael

Bulletins 4000 -

Chemicals currently registered in Western Australia for use against pests of field crops and pasture are given in the following tables. Trade names are listed alongside each chemical formulation.

Department of Agriculture Bulletin 4185 "Insect and allied pests of extensive farming" will help you identify the pest(s) through coloured photographs, descriptions and keys. Information on the type of damage, life cycle and control is also provided. Further information is available in Farmnotes on specific pests and on pests of a particular crop.

The Poison Schedule for each product is indicated in the table. Extremely toxic chemicals are labelled as "dangerous …

Curling Burley Tobacco From An Automated Harvesting System, Linus R. Walton, Larry G. Wells, James H. Casada

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

If burley tobacco can be successfully cured at high density under waterproof covers in the field, a producer can expand production without the necessity of building new curing barns and can thereby more easily justify investment in the automated burley tobacco harvesting system (Wells et al., 1990a, b). Curing under waterproof covers in the field and curing on frames in the barn were evaluated over three curing seasons using two varieties (KY 14 and TN 86), two plant densities (32 and 43 plants/m², 3 and 4 plants/ft²), position of tobacco on the frame (four levels ranging …

Pasture Condition Guides For The Murchison River Catchment, A Fox, T R. Eckersley

Soil conservation survey collection

Knowledge of the pasture resource and its capabilities is essential to sustainable use of the rangelands. Rangeland managers must be able to recognise firstly the different pasture types, and secondly, the differences between present condition classes for each type. Both factors affect the stock carrying capacity, and appropriate pastoral management of a pasture. This guide has been produced for use by pastoralists to assist them to recognise and assess the condition of the perennial pasture resource of their own properties. The guide describes the condition states found in 10 of the most widespread pastures of the Murchison River catchment (Fig. …

Adjusting Farm Strategy To Allow For Seasonal Conditions, Andrew Bathgate, Stephen Robinson, Ross Kingwell

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Changes in the price of wheat did not alter the selection of best rotations on various soils, or the area of crop, in an economic study done by the Department of Agriculture. When determining what area to crop, it is much more important to consider the type of start to the season, the amount of summer rainfall and whether light land can be sown early. If there is a good start to the season, the size of the increase in the area of crop depends on the capacity of seeding gear and the mix of soil classes on the farm.

G91-1024 Two Crops In One Year: Relay Intercropping, Gary Lesoing, Russell Moomaw, Charles A. Francis

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This publication covers crop variety selection, weed control, and other cultural practices for relay intercropping a crop like soybeans into growing winter wheat or oats. Multiple cropping refers to growing two crops on the same field during the same year. One method of multiple cropping is doublecropping, which is the growing of a second crop after harvest of the first crop. In Nebraska, where opportunities for doublecropping are limited, relay intercropping is a possible alternative. In relay intercropping, two crops are in the field at the same time during part of the season. A small grain is usually relay intercropped …

Bulletin No 4176 - Agroforestry With Widely Spaced Pine Trees, Richard Moore, Peter Jenkins, Geoff Anderson, Phil Scott

Bulletins 4000 -

Combining a softwood timber crop with other forms of agriculture on the same land can make better use of available space, soil and water, and lead to higher productivity from farms.

This Bulletin outlines the potential benefits of, and a programme for, the growing of pine on farmland in Western Australia in conjunction with either pasture or another crop. The agroforestry system described has been well researched in Westem Australia.

The main objectives of agroforestry are to produce high quality timber while maintaining adequate pasture for either grazing or fodder cropping until the timber is harvested.

The Productivity Of Western Australia's Wheat And Sheep Industry, Tim Coelli, Ross Kingwell

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

A popular economic lament is that Australian industries and workers are not as productive as they should be. Politicians and economic commentators preach the need for productivity improvement and workplace reform, and criticise inefficiency and lack of endeavour. Can such criticism be fairly levelled at farmers and agricultural scientists? What is productivity and how is it measured? What is the productivity of Western Australia's main agricultural industry — wheat and sheep farming? This article addresses these questions and shows that our wheat-sheep industry can be moderately proud of its productivity record

Farm Management Memo - Advice To Help Farming Through The Rural Downturn, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Farm Systems and Economics published reports

Historically, commodity prices cycle between a "boom and a bust" every few years. Farmers are often able to adjust their operations to reduce the impact of a downturn in commodity prices by:

• Increasing efficiency through reducing or maintaining input costs while maintaining or increasing production levels.

• Maximising returns through seeking price premiums on commodities (protein, noodle quality, finer wool, increased clean wool yield).

• Reducing overhead costs

• Seeking cheaper finance or refinancing costly loans

• Careful planning and management with a high degree of attention to detail.

• Seeking advice

Inheritance Of Acid-Soil Tolerance In Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor) Grown On An Ultisol, C. I. Flores, L. M. Gourley, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, R. B. Clark

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Inheritance of acid-soil tolerance (generally considered AI-toxicity tolerance) i.n sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is not clear. Forty F₁ sorghum hybrids and their 14 parents were grown two seasons in the field at relatively high (67 and 71%) and low (43 and 42%) Al saturations on an acid Ultisol in Colombia, South America to evaluate the effects of acid soil on agronomic component traits and to better understand inheritance of acid-soil tolerance of sorghum. For plants grown at the high Al saturation levels, hybrids from acid-soil tolerant [AS-T] x acid soil-sensitive [AS-S] crosses were as tolerant as hybrids from …

Fertility And Forage Yield Of Sorghum X Sudangrass Hybrids In A1 And A3 Cytoplasm, J. J. Toy, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, K. J. Moore

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Most sorghum x sudangrass hybrids are currently produced in Al male-sterile cytoplasm. Availability of alternative cytoplasmic sterility systems allows production of sorghum x sudangrass hybrids that may have superior forage characteristics. A study was conducted to compare the agronomic performance of Al and A3 sorghum x sudangrass hybrids. A bulk of eight sudangrass populations was used to pollinate four grain sorghum inbreds normally used as females that had been sterilized in both Al and A3 cytoplasm, and two inbreds normally used as males that had been sterilized in A3 cytoplasm. The hybrids were evaluated in 1990. Results indicate that male-sterile …

Notes: Interpretive Analysis For Forage Yield Trial Data, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, K. J. Moore, Edzard Van Santen

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Forage cultivar evaluation is often done in small plots with multiple harvests throughout the growing season. Data is often summarized by presenting a yearly total yield for each cultivar in addition to the mean for each harvest date. Data summarization often becomes burdensome and difficult to interpret. Regressing yield against a growth index associated with harvest dates can be utilized to describe forage performance in a concise and easily interpreted format. Subsets of data from tall fescue (Festuca amndinacea Schreb.) yield trials conducted in Alabama and Kentucky were used to demonstrate the technique. The analysis involves regressing yield of a …

Nitrogen And Methyl Jasmonate Induction Of Soybean Vegetative Storage Protein Genes, Paul E. Staswick, Jing-Feng Huang, Yoon Rhee

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Vegetative storage protein (VSP) and VSP mRNA levels in soybean (Glycine max) leaves correlated with the amount of NH₄NO₃ provided to nonnodulated plants. The mRNA level declined as leaves matured, but high levels of N delayed the decline. This is consistent with the proposed role for VSP in the temporary storage of N. Wounding, petiole girdling, and treatment with methyijasmonate (MeJA) increased VSP mRNA in leaves 24 hours after treatment. The magnitude of the response depended on leaf age and N availability. N deficiency essentially eliminated the response to wounding and petiole girdling. MeJA was …

Origin And Evolution Of Defective Interfering Rnas Of Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus, David A. Knorr, Thomas Jack Morris

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Viruses with defective genomes have been identified in association with virtually every major family of viruses and have been widely utilized as tools for investigating virus functions in animal cell culture systems (Perrault, 1981). It is generally thought that defective interfering viruses (DIs) arise through deletion, rearrangement, or recombination of a competent viral genome. DIs tack the ability for independent existence relying on their parental helper viruses to supply factors required for replication, maturation, and/or encapsidation (Huang and Baltimore, 1977). The interference attributed to DIs is thought to result from competition with the helper virus for factors required in trans …

Soybean Chlorosis Studies On High Ph Bottomland Soils, E. J. Penas, R. A. Wiese, R. W. Elmore, G. W. Hergert, R. S. Moomaw

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

Soybean varieties are different in tolerance to lime-induced chlorosis. Field trials were conducted to evaluate variety performance on soils where chlorosis in soybeans was a known problem. Thirty-six varieties out of 177 were identified as tolerant to soil conditions that cause chlorosis. Eleven varieties of these 36 were found to have the most consistent yield performance on high pH soils. Tolerant varieties must be planted at adequate densities for best performance. A seeding rate of 13.5 seeds per foot of row, the highest seeding rate employed, did not appear to maximize yield on soils where chlorosis was severe. On some …

Pesticide Use On Crops In Nebraska - 1987, Maurice Baker, Nancy Peterson, Shripat T. Kamble

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

This is the third and most comprehensive study of pesticide use on crops in Nebraska. The first was completed in 1978 and the second one in 1982. The first study indicated that approximately 25 million pounds (11.34 million kg) of active ingredients were used on the major crops in Nebraska. This increased to approximately 30.2 million pounds (13.7 million kg) in 1982. The USDA requires accurate information to meet their responsibilities. Thus, this survey was undertaken to determine: 1) the use of pesticides on crops, pasture and rangeland and 2) to identify pest management practices.