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2023

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Articles 1141 - 1170 of 1707

Full-Text Articles in Agricultural Science

Growth, Nitrogen And Phosphorus Economy In Two Lotus Glaber Mill. Cytotypes Grown Under Contrasting P-Availability, D. H. Cogliatti, L. A. Lett, M. S. Barufaldi, P. Segura, J. A. Cardozo Apr 2023

Growth, Nitrogen And Phosphorus Economy In Two Lotus Glaber Mill. Cytotypes Grown Under Contrasting P-Availability, D. H. Cogliatti, L. A. Lett, M. S. Barufaldi, P. Segura, J. A. Cardozo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Lotus glaber Mill. (lotus) is a forage legume with its origin in Europe which has shown an excellent adaptation to the Depressed Pampas of the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The soils colonized by lotus usually have poor drainage, moderate sodium and low extractable P concentrations. An experiment was performed with the aim of comparing the early growth and economy of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) within two L. glaber cytotypes differing in their ploidy level, a commercial diploid versus an induced autotetraploid population (Barufaldi et al., 2001).

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Application Of Molecular Diversity In A Forage Grass Breeding Program, Andrew A. Hopkins, M. C. Saha Apr 2023

Application Of Molecular Diversity In A Forage Grass Breeding Program, Andrew A. Hopkins, M. C. Saha

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Little or no genotypic information is available for many forage grass populations. The degree of genetic similarity within and among populations greatly influences the choice of breeding strategies and germplasm for developing improved cultivars. Molecular markers have proven effective in classifying genetic diversity of a number of perennial grasses (e.g. Fu et al., 2004; Kubik et al., 2001). We present here an overview of our efforts to integrate molecular diversity data into our breeding program.

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Use Of Cellular Automata Modelling Approaches To Understand Potential Impacts Of Gm Grasses On Grassland Communities, R. Colasanti, R. Hunt, L. S. Watrud Apr 2023

Use Of Cellular Automata Modelling Approaches To Understand Potential Impacts Of Gm Grasses On Grassland Communities, R. Colasanti, R. Hunt, L. S. Watrud

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In order to predict the potential unintended ecological impacts of genetically modified (GM) grasses, we must understand how the engineered traits, in this case herbicide resistance, are expressed in an ecological context. It would be a daunting task to experimentally evaluate the full multiplicity of potential pair-wise interactions between GM plants and native plants under a broad variety of actual environmental conditions. We have employed the modelling methodology of cellular automata (CA), where a plant's distribution within a two-dimensional environmental grid is determined by rules relating to phenomena such as seed dispersal, clonal expansion and interactions with adjacent plants. We …

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Shutting The Stable Door After The Horse Has Bolted? Risk Assessment And Regulation For Transgenic Forages, Chris J. Pollock Apr 2023

Shutting The Stable Door After The Horse Has Bolted? Risk Assessment And Regulation For Transgenic Forages, Chris J. Pollock

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The regulation of GM agriculture in Europe is a matter of considerable public interest. The development of a regulatory framework has imposed significant additional costs without generating broad public acceptance. However, the current risk assessment and management framework does provide a basis for considering how the broader issues surrounding the introduction of any novel agricultural technology might be approached.

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Development And Field Evaluation Of Transgenic Ryegrass (Lolium Spp.) With Down-Regulation Of Main Pollen Allergens, N. Petrovska, A. Mouradov, Z. Y. Wang, K. F. Smith, G. C. Spangenberg Apr 2023

Development And Field Evaluation Of Transgenic Ryegrass (Lolium Spp.) With Down-Regulation Of Main Pollen Allergens, N. Petrovska, A. Mouradov, Z. Y. Wang, K. F. Smith, G. C. Spangenberg

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Ryegrass (Lolium spp.) pollen is a widespread source of airborne allergens and is a major cause of hayfever and seasonal allergic asthma, which affect approximately 25% of the population in cool temperate climates. The main allergens of ryegrass pollen are the proteins Lol p 1 and Lol p 2. These proteins belong to two major classes of grass pollen allergens to which over 90% of pollen-allergic patients are sensitive. The functional role in planta of these pollen allergen proteins remains largely unknown. The generation, analysis and field evaluation of transgenic plants with reduced levels of the main ryegrass pollen allergens, …

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Discovery, Isolation And Characterisation Of Promoters From Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne), A. Lidgett, N. Petrovska, J. Chalmers, N. Cummings, G. C. Spangenberg Apr 2023

Discovery, Isolation And Characterisation Of Promoters From Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne), A. Lidgett, N. Petrovska, J. Chalmers, N. Cummings, G. C. Spangenberg

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The availability of a suite of promoters with a range of spatial, temporal and inducible expression patterns is of significant importance to enable targeted expression of genes of interest for molecular breeding of forage species. A range of resources and tools have been developed for promoter isolation and characterisation in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) including genomic lambda and BAC libraries and a 15 K unigene microarray.

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Improving Forage Quality Of Tall Fescue (Festuca Arundinacea) By Genetic Manipulation Of Lignin Biosynthesis, Z. -Y. Wang, L. Chen, C. -K. Auh, A. Hopkins, P. Dowling Apr 2023

Improving Forage Quality Of Tall Fescue (Festuca Arundinacea) By Genetic Manipulation Of Lignin Biosynthesis, Z. -Y. Wang, L. Chen, C. -K. Auh, A. Hopkins, P. Dowling

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Lignification of plant cell walls is a major factor limiting forage digestibility and concomitantly animal productivity. Improvement in forage grass cell wall digestibility has become an important goal of many plant-ruminant animal research programs. Lignins are complex phenolic heteropolymers associated with the polysaccharidic components of the wall in specific plant cells. Lignin in forage grasses comprises guaiacyl (G) units derived from coniferyl alcohol, syringyl (S) units derived from sinapyl alcohol, and p-hydroxyphenyl (H) units derived from p-coumaryl alcohol. Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) and caffeic acid O- methyltransferase (COMT) are key enzymes involved in lignin biosynthesis. Tall fescue …

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Manipulating The Phenolic Acid Content And Digestibility Of Forage Grasses By Targeted Expression Of Fungal Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes, M. M. De O. Buanafina, P. Morris, T. Langdon, S. J. Dalton, B. Hauck, H. Porter Apr 2023

Manipulating The Phenolic Acid Content And Digestibility Of Forage Grasses By Targeted Expression Of Fungal Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes, M. M. De O. Buanafina, P. Morris, T. Langdon, S. J. Dalton, B. Hauck, H. Porter

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grass cell walls constitute 30-80% of forage dry matter, representing a major source of energy for ruminants. Ferulic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-cinnamic acid) and other hydroxycinnamic acids are ester linked to arabinosyl residues in arabinoxylans of grass cell walls and undergo oxidative coupling reactions resulting in the formation of a variety of dehydrodiferulate dimers which cross-link cell wall polymers. Although such cross-links have a number of important roles in the cell wall, they also hinder the rate and extent of cell wall degradation by ruminant microbial and fungal enzymes. We have shown previously the expression of a ferulic acid esterase gene from …

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Agrobacterium Tumefaciens-Mediated Transformation Of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne L.), H. Sato, M. Fujimori, Y. Mano, T. Kiyoshi, T. Takamizo Apr 2023

Agrobacterium Tumefaciens-Mediated Transformation Of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne L.), H. Sato, M. Fujimori, Y. Mano, T. Kiyoshi, T. Takamizo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

An Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method has several advantages. However, this method has no example of success in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Since Lolium species are outcrossing, one cultivar consists of many genotypes. Each genotype can show a different ability for callus formation and plant regeneration (Takahashi et al., 2004). Thus, it is important to select a good genotype for efficient and stable transformation. If the plant is maintained in vitro, we can perform transformation using calli induced from shoot tips of the same genotype at any time. Our objective is to confirm an A. tumefaciens …

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A Comparison Of Hygromycin And Paromomycin Selection Strategies In The Genetic Transformation Of Seven Lolium, Festuca, Poa, And Agrostis Species, S. J. Dalton, P. Robson, M. Buanafina, A. J. E. Bettany, E. Timms, P. Morris Apr 2023

A Comparison Of Hygromycin And Paromomycin Selection Strategies In The Genetic Transformation Of Seven Lolium, Festuca, Poa, And Agrostis Species, S. J. Dalton, P. Robson, M. Buanafina, A. J. E. Bettany, E. Timms, P. Morris

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Hygromycin selection for the hpt gene, expressed from the CaMV-35S promoter, has been successful in transgenesis of a limited number of grass species. As an alternative to hpt selection Altpeter et al., (2000) reported successful transformation using paromomycin selection for the nptII gene expressed by the maize ubiquitin promoter. We have tested the utility of a number of selection cassettes using previously sporadically transformable species which nevertheless had very good tissue culture and regeneration protocols.

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Nylon Mesh As An Improved Support For Bombarded Calli Or Cell Suspensions, S. J. Dalton, P. Robson, M. Buanafina, A. J. E. Bettany, E. Timms, D. Wiffen, P. Morris Apr 2023

Nylon Mesh As An Improved Support For Bombarded Calli Or Cell Suspensions, S. J. Dalton, P. Robson, M. Buanafina, A. J. E. Bettany, E. Timms, D. Wiffen, P. Morris

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Using cell suspensions to transform some grass species by particle bombardment has a number of disadvantages including increased somoclonal variation in liquid cell culture and poor performance due to polysaccharide production. The use of calli avoids these problems, but the manipulation of calli through numerous media changes is laborious and time-consuming. We investigated a possible mechanism to facilitate the use of calli in transformation by immobilising calli on mesh.

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A Novel Genotype Independent Protocol For In Vitro Plant Regeneration From Mature Seed Derived Callus Of Tall Fescue (Festuca Arundinacea Schreb.), S. Chennareddy, R. V. Sairam, S. L. Goldman Apr 2023

A Novel Genotype Independent Protocol For In Vitro Plant Regeneration From Mature Seed Derived Callus Of Tall Fescue (Festuca Arundinacea Schreb.), S. Chennareddy, R. V. Sairam, S. L. Goldman

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Tall fescues (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) are cool season forage and turf grasses of significant agricultural importance in different grassland countries. Genetic improvement of tall fescues by conventional selection procedures is slow, since these are predominantly, cross-pollinated, hexaploid and generally infertile (Jauhar, 1993). Genetic Engineering approaches for incorporation of agronomically useful traits may contribute to the development of improved tall fescue cultivars (Spangenberg et al., 1998). However for any genetic engineering studies, it is essential to develop a genotype-independent, reproducible and efficient in vitro plant regeneration protocol. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of different sterilization procedures …

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Genetic Engineering For Breeding For Drought Resistance And Salt Tolerance In Agropyron Spp. (Wheatgrass), Fugui Mi, Y. Jinfeng, H. Xiuwen Apr 2023

Genetic Engineering For Breeding For Drought Resistance And Salt Tolerance In Agropyron Spp. (Wheatgrass), Fugui Mi, Y. Jinfeng, H. Xiuwen

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Genetic engineering for breeding for drought resistance and salt tolerance in wheatgrass, lucerne and tall fescue is one of the main projects in a major national programs as part of the10th’five-year national plan: “Research of gene transfer in plants and its industrialisation”. It is a large project that has financial support for work on forage crops in China and many research institutes and universities take part in it. The Inner Mongolia Agricultural University is in charge of the project on wheatgrass. The research was started in Nov. 2002. The general situation and the primary results are introduced and …

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Genetic Transformation Of Rhodesgrass (Chloris Gayana Kunth.) By Particle Bombardment, J. Matsumoto, S. Tsuruta, T. Gondo, Ryo Akashi Apr 2023

Genetic Transformation Of Rhodesgrass (Chloris Gayana Kunth.) By Particle Bombardment, J. Matsumoto, S. Tsuruta, T. Gondo, Ryo Akashi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Rhodesgrass (Chloris gayana Kunth) has been cultivated as one of the most important warm-season grasses in the world. One of the major limitations for cattle production on forage grasses, especially warm-season grasses is poor digestibility if compared to temperate grasses (Gondo et al., 2003). It is believed that the low digestibility of warm-season grasses is due to high lignin contents (Akashi et al., 2003). Recently, modification of the lignin content of plants appears to be feasible using genetic engineering strategies. We have established a methodology for high-frequency somatic embryogenesis and multiple shoot formation from seed-derived shoot apical …

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Molecular Breeding Of White Clover For Transgenic Resistance To Alfalfa Mosaic Virus And Natural Resistance To Clover Yellow Vein Virus, P. Chu, G. Zhao, G. C. Spangenberg Apr 2023

Molecular Breeding Of White Clover For Transgenic Resistance To Alfalfa Mosaic Virus And Natural Resistance To Clover Yellow Vein Virus, P. Chu, G. Zhao, G. C. Spangenberg

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Trifolium repens L. (white clover) is one of the most important pastoral plants in temperate Australia. Its productivity and persistence is being reduced significantly by Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV) and White clover mosaic virus (WClMV). These viruses are also widespread in other legumes and are inflicting large economic losses to farmers throughout the world (Campbell, 1984). To reduce the economic impact of these viruses, white clover plants resistant to both ClYVV and AMV are being developed for future commercial release. Since introducing viral transgenes from two or more viruses into a transgenic plant has the …

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Increased Cuticular Wax Accumulation And Enhanced Drought Tolerance In Transgenic Alfalfa By Overexpression Of A Transcription Factor Gene, Z. -Y. Wang, J. -Y. Zhang, C. Broeckling, E. Blancaflor, M. Sledge, L. Summer Apr 2023

Increased Cuticular Wax Accumulation And Enhanced Drought Tolerance In Transgenic Alfalfa By Overexpression Of A Transcription Factor Gene, Z. -Y. Wang, J. -Y. Zhang, C. Broeckling, E. Blancaflor, M. Sledge, L. Summer

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Plant cuticular waxes play an important role in protecting aerial organs from damage caused by multiple environmental stresses such as drought, cold, UV radiation, pathogen infection and insect attack. The identification of leaf wax genes involved in stress tolerance is expected to have great potential for crop improvement. Cuticular waxes are complex mixtures of very long chain fatty acids, alkanes, primary and/or secondary alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, triterpenes, sterols and flavonoids. Mutant analysis in Arabidopsis has contributed to the identification of the components and genes involved in wax deposition. However, no information is available on the effects of overexpression of …

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Development Of Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) Transgenic Plants Expressing A Bacillus Thuringiensis Endotoxin And Their Evaluation Against Alfalfa Caterpillar (Colias Lesbia), F. Ardila, M. C. Gómez, M. J. Diéguez, E. M. Pagano, M. Turica, R. Lecuona, V. Arolfo, D. Basigalup, C. Vázquez Rovere, E. Hopp, P. Franzone, R. D. Rios Apr 2023

Development Of Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) Transgenic Plants Expressing A Bacillus Thuringiensis Endotoxin And Their Evaluation Against Alfalfa Caterpillar (Colias Lesbia), F. Ardila, M. C. Gómez, M. J. Diéguez, E. M. Pagano, M. Turica, R. Lecuona, V. Arolfo, D. Basigalup, C. Vázquez Rovere, E. Hopp, P. Franzone, R. D. Rios

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is the most important forage crop in Argentina, with ca. 6 million cultivated hectares. The production of this crop is limited by the alfalfa caterpillar (Colias lesbia) which causes a loss equivalent to at least 10% of the biomass per year. No natural tolerance against this lepidoptera was found in alfalfa germplasm, hampering the development of tolerant cultivars by conventional breeding. This pest is usually controlled by using chemical insecticides but this has adverse effects on beneficial insects and the environment. Alternatively, low doses of commercial Bt insecticides (40 to 70 g/ha) also …

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Endophyte Astra: A Web-Based Resource For Neotyphodium And Epichloë Est Analysis, K. Shields, M. Ramsperger, S. A. Felitti, C. G. Love, T. A. Erwin, D. Singh, E. G. Logan, D. Edwards, G. C. Spangenberg Apr 2023

Endophyte Astra: A Web-Based Resource For Neotyphodium And Epichloë Est Analysis, K. Shields, M. Ramsperger, S. A. Felitti, C. G. Love, T. A. Erwin, D. Singh, E. G. Logan, D. Edwards, G. C. Spangenberg

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Large-scale gene discovery has led to the production of 13,964 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) collectively from the grass endophytes Neotyphodium coenophialum, N. lolii and Epichloë festucae.

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An Agronomic Evaluation Of Grazing Maize Combined With Companion Crops For Sheep In Northwestern Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa, C. S. Dannhauser, E. A. Van Zyl Apr 2023

An Agronomic Evaluation Of Grazing Maize Combined With Companion Crops For Sheep In Northwestern Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa, C. S. Dannhauser, E. A. Van Zyl

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Northwestern KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), in South Africa, is well known for its sheep production from natural rangeland in summer (October to May). During winter however, the nutritional value of the rangeland cannot maintain young growing sheep or pregnant and lactating ewes. With this in mind Lyle (1991) suggested the use of planted pastures for the winter. Crichton, Gertenbach & Henning (1998) and Esterhuizen & Niemand (1989) suggested maize crop residues for both cattle and sheep during winter, whereas Moore (1997) evaluated grazing maize (not harvested) for this purpose. He found that the protein content of the crop was inadequate and for …

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A Genecological Study Of The Widespread Australian Native Grass Austrodanthonia Caespitosa (Gaudich.) H.P. Linder., C. M. Waters, James M. Virgona, Gavin J. Melville Apr 2023

A Genecological Study Of The Widespread Australian Native Grass Austrodanthonia Caespitosa (Gaudich.) H.P. Linder., C. M. Waters, James M. Virgona, Gavin J. Melville

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The lack of commercial quantities of seed is preventing the use of native grasses in large-scale revegetation programmes. Sourcing wild-land non-local provenance seed from distant locations brings with it risks associated with maladaptation and potential genetic pollution. Understanding of intra-specific ecotypic variation and its adaptive consequences is required to both increase seed supply and retain adaptive characteristics in native plant revegetation programmes. A recently commenced genecological study on the widespread Australian native grass, Austrodanthonia caespitose, aims to examine quantitative traits in a common garden study and genetic structure (using DNA analysis) of 35 populations collected from a large geographic …

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Effect Of Pre-Planting Seed Treatment Options On Dormancy Breaking And Germination Of Ziziphus Mucronata, Abubeker Hassen, N. F. G. Rethman, Willem A. Van Niekerk Apr 2023

Effect Of Pre-Planting Seed Treatment Options On Dormancy Breaking And Germination Of Ziziphus Mucronata, Abubeker Hassen, N. F. G. Rethman, Willem A. Van Niekerk

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Ziziphus mucronata (Buffalo thorn) is a multipurpose tree, widely adapted to a range of ecological conditions and tolerant of extreme climatic conditions, including frost and drought (Venter & Venter, 1996). It is a valuable fodder tree for livestock and game animals, especially in the drier parts of Africa (Rothauge et al. 2003). Similar to many other leguminous species, establishment is constrained by low and erratic germination of the seed, which has been attributed mainly to the physical barrier of the stony endocarp and dormancy associated with seed coat impermeability. This experiment aimed to compare the suitability of various seed treatment …

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The Effect Of Fertiliser Treatment On The Development Of Rangelands In Argentina, Ezequiel M. Latorre, Mónica B. Sacido Apr 2023

The Effect Of Fertiliser Treatment On The Development Of Rangelands In Argentina, Ezequiel M. Latorre, Mónica B. Sacido

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Argentina grazing of rangelands may result in a decrease in winter gramineous species with an increase in summer weeds such as Cynodon dactylon. Lolium multiflorum is an important forage resource for grazing in the autumn, winter and spring. A delay in its emergence may occur because of summer weeds, which reduces the germination rate. The proportion of the seed bank as ryegrass allows the recovery of natural grassland and facilitates an increase in the productivity of livestock. The objective of this study was the evaluation of the impact of application of fertiliser in the short term on the …

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The Effect Of Different Grazing Managements On Upland Grassland, V. Pavlů, Michal Hejcman, L. Pavlů, Jan Gaisler Apr 2023

The Effect Of Different Grazing Managements On Upland Grassland, V. Pavlů, Michal Hejcman, L. Pavlů, Jan Gaisler

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A transformation process in the Czech economy led to a rapid decrease in livestock numbers in the Czech Republic and an enlarged area of grasslands at the beginning of 1990’s. The result was extensification of grassland management and also abandonment in marginal areas. The main purpose of this study was to reveal how different managements affect plant species diversity of previously abandoned grassland.

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Fertiliser Responses And Soil Test Calibrations For Grazed Pastures In Australia, C. J. P. Gourley, A. Melland, K. I. Peverill, P. Strickland, J. M. Scott Apr 2023

Fertiliser Responses And Soil Test Calibrations For Grazed Pastures In Australia, C. J. P. Gourley, A. Melland, K. I. Peverill, P. Strickland, J. M. Scott

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

On-farm management of fertiliser is of major economic significance to the Australian grazing industries, based on expenditure on fertiliser and higher farm productivity that fertiliser use supports. However the application of fertiliser has traditionally been an inexact and inefficient process (Peverill et al. 1999) and there is increasing pressure for nutrient losses from agriculture to be minimised. The improved adoption and application of tools like soil testing can make substantial improvements in nutrient use efficiency but interpretation needs to be based on the best available information. This paper reports on the collation of current and historical experimental data relating to …

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The Productivity Of Coastal Meadows In Finland, R. Nevalainen, A. Huuskonen, S. Jaakola, J. Kiljala, E. Joki-Tokola Apr 2023

The Productivity Of Coastal Meadows In Finland, R. Nevalainen, A. Huuskonen, S. Jaakola, J. Kiljala, E. Joki-Tokola

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The coastal meadows of Finland have gained a new interest as a summer pasture for cattle. These habitats have great historical, aesthetic and biological value (Pessa & Anttila, 2000). Typical features of the coastal meadows are the varying vegetation zones and wet, sometimes waterlogged, soils. The meadows are important nesting and feeding habitats for many water birds. When grazing ceases, reeds, trees and shrubs take over and the area loses its openness. Lately the amount of grasslands and pastures has drastically declined all over Europe. In Finland, the area of semi-natural biotopes has decreased to 1% of what it had …

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Grazing Animal Production Systems And Grazing Land Characteristics In A Semi-Arid Region Of Greece, I. Hadjigeorgiou, G. Economou, D. Lolis, N. Moustakas, G. Zervas Apr 2023

Grazing Animal Production Systems And Grazing Land Characteristics In A Semi-Arid Region Of Greece, I. Hadjigeorgiou, G. Economou, D. Lolis, N. Moustakas, G. Zervas

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Rough grazing in Greece cover about 40% of the total land area, is publicly owned and managed extensively (Hadjigeorgiou et al., 2002). The Prefecture of Larisa is in the centre of Greece, and has 212,000 ha of rough grazing land, with a variable topography ranging from sea level up to 3,000 m a.s.l. This area is utilized by a total population of 135,000 LU (mainly sheep, goats and some suckler cows), which consumes annually an appreciable fraction of their total nutrient requirements from rough grazing.

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Mortality Model For A Perennial Grass In Australian Semi-Arid Wooded Grasslands Grazed By Sheep, K. C. Hodgkinson, W. J. Muller Apr 2023

Mortality Model For A Perennial Grass In Australian Semi-Arid Wooded Grasslands Grazed By Sheep, K. C. Hodgkinson, W. J. Muller

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grazing of sheep in marginal semi-arid environments is risky because grazing appears to predispose grass plants, especially palatable species, to sudden death (Hodgkinson, 1994; 1995). These early observations were based on a preliminary analysis of perennial grass survival in a single drought and supported the concept of tactical grazing proposed by Westoby et al. (1989) as a preferred management. Later this idea was developed by suggesting the existence of critical thresholds for perennial grass survival, which when crossed, collapses grass populations (Hodgkinson, 1994). Here we examine the relationship between mortality of a palatable perennial grass, Thyridolepis mitchelliana, and a …

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The Long Road To Developing Native Herbaceous Summer Forage Legume Ecotypes, James P. Muir, T. J. Butler, W. R. Ocumpaugh Apr 2023

The Long Road To Developing Native Herbaceous Summer Forage Legume Ecotypes, James P. Muir, T. J. Butler, W. R. Ocumpaugh

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Only a handful of well-adapted herbaceous summer forage legumes are currently marketed for drier regions of North America and even fewer are true natives. There is a growing demand for native germplasm in the region as a new generation of landowner attempts to return grasslands to a semblance of their original species and diversity. The objective of this paper is to describe preliminary research results of a grasslands team collecting, studying and promulgating native leguminous germplasm in Texas.

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Working Within Constraints: Managing African Savannas For Animal Production And Biodiversity, J. T. Du Toit Apr 2023

Working Within Constraints: Managing African Savannas For Animal Production And Biodiversity, J. T. Du Toit

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The mean density of livestock biomass on African rangelands now greatly exceeds that of indigenous large herbivores, although livestock cannot fully substitute for wildlife with respect to co-evolved ecosystem processes involving herbivory. The dominance of livestock in semi-arid rangelands is largely due to water provision, which uncouples livestock population dynamics from the rainfall-driven trajectories followed by indigenous ungulate species in wildlife areas. Ecological sustainability cannot be achieved with a few exotic species maintained at unprecedented biomass densities in savanna ecosystems, which are evolutionarily adapted for species-rich communities of ungulates of a wise range of sizes. Integrating wildlife and livestock in …

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Inner Mongolian Herders Move Toward Sustainability And Elevate Their Incomes From Cashmere Goat Production By Reducing Grazing Pressure On Fragile Grasslands, B. P. Fritz, M. Zhao Apr 2023

Inner Mongolian Herders Move Toward Sustainability And Elevate Their Incomes From Cashmere Goat Production By Reducing Grazing Pressure On Fragile Grasslands, B. P. Fritz, M. Zhao

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Overgrazing, mainly caused by Cashmere goats, is contributing to the desertification of West Erdos fragile grasslands resulting in the threat of extinction of several endangered wild plant species. This transition area between desert and grassland includes some 400,000 ha and some 72 unique, relic and endangered plant species. The area is home to 5,000 inhabitants, mainly subsistent goat farming families and coal mining activity. Industrial land use in the reserve adds additional economic pressure to herders operating on a shrinking land base. This phenomenon has elicited the entrenched, traditional response of producing more livestock thus jeopardizing current levels of production …

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