Agricultural Science Commons^™

Bulletin No. 371 - Fifty Years Of Dry Land Research At The Nephi Field Station, W. H. Bennett, D. W. Pittman, D. C. Tingey, D. R. Mcallister, H. B. Peterson, I. G. Sampson

UAES Bulletins

The Nephi Field Station is the oldest dry-Iand experimental farm in America still in operation. It was established in 1903 by action of the Utah legislature and has been in continuous operation since. Five other arid experimental farms were established in Utah at the same time (Widtsoe and Merrill 1905) but they were all discontinued prior to 1920 (Harris et al. 1920).

The Nephi Field Station has had a most interesting history, and it is worthy of note that many of the men who were closely associated with it during its early history subsequently distinguished themselves as outstanding leaders. The …

Bulletin No. 372 - The Nutritive Value Of Winter Range Plants In The Great Basin As Determined With Digestion Trials With Sheep, C. W. Cook, L. A. Stoddart, L. E. Harris

UAES Bulletins

During the winter grazing seasons from 1946 to 1953, studies were carried on throughout the desert ranges of western Utah to determine nutritive content and digestibility of range forage plants.

These desert areas receive about 7 inches of precipitation annually and the vegetation consists, chiefly, of saltbush and sagebrush types.

The average floral composition of the desert areas studied was about 74 percent browse, 25 percent grass, and 1 percent forbs. However, on some areas there was more grass than browse and, on still others, large quantities of forbs were present, primarily Russian-thistle.

Digestion trials were carried out under normal …

Bulletin No. 369 - Impact Of Urbanization In Davis County, Utah, Therel R. Black, Carmen D. Frederickson, William A. Dehart, C. Jay Skidmore, Don C. Carter

UAES Bulletins

This study of Davis County should assist community leaders to understand some areas of change and possible effects of changes in an urbanizing area and to understand possible sources of friction and cooperation. It should help residents of any urbanizing area to understand personal adjustments that may be necessary. Such understanding is needed by Utah's residents because Utah is becoming urban-in fact, approximately two-thirds of her population was urban in 1950. A brief summary of the study of Utah's fastest growing county shows the following changes during the 1940-1950 decade.

Bulletin No. 370 - The Superb Plant Bug, Adelphocoris Superbus (Uhler): Its Life History And Its Relation To Seed Development In Alfalfa, Charles J. Sorenson, Lowell Cutler

UAES Bulletins

Infestations of the superb plant bug, Adelphocoris superbus (Uhler), in Utah alfalfa fields first came to the attention of entomologists of the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station during their investigations of the seed chalcid and lygus bug problems of alfalfa seed production in the Uinta Basin from 1926 to 1934. Because of its occurrence in considerable numbers, particularly in first crop alfalfa fields with thin stands, the superb plant bug was suspected of interfering with seed development. Consequently an investigation of the activities of this insect was begun in the summer of 1932 and continued through that of 1933.

Objectives sought …

Bulletin No. 368 - Drainage Of The Cache Valley Lowlands, Willard Gardner, Orson W. Israelsen

UAES Bulletins

Now, slightly more than a hundred years since irrigation was first started in the West, many of the low-lying valley lands produce only poor quality pasture grasses because of waterlogging, salinity, and alkali. Other lands now produce only light crops of wild hay, and still other land areas are almost wholly non-productive because of the concentration of excessive quantities of harmful salts. This waterlogging is largely a result of irrigation on the higher lands, although rain and snow waters aggravate the situation. The water not used by the highland crops seeps into the lower areas, bringing harmful salts to the …

Bulletin No. 366 - The Relation Between Gradings Of Lived And Dressed Chickens In Utah, Roice H. Anderson, Glen E. Downs

UAES Bulletins

This study was undertaken in order to (1) ascertain the importance of chicken sales of various classes and grades from Utah farms, (2) determine the relation between live and dressed grading of chickens, and (3) ascertain the influence of live grading on the price of chickens at the farm level.

Bulletin No. 367 - Hybrid Corn Tests In Utah, Rollo W. Woodward, Rex F. Nielson

UAES Bulletins

The last summary of recommended corn hybrids published from this station was in 1939. Since that time there ha been a complete change of corn hybrid being tested and a considerable increase in both acreage and yield throughout the state. Corn used a silage is one of the most productive feed crop that can be grown on the irrigated land of the state. Under favorable moisture and fertility condition , hybrid corn can give outstanding yield of shelled corn per acre. At the present time only about one-sixth of the total corn acreage is devoted to grain, the bulk being …

Bulletin No. 365 - Costs, Quality, And Prices Of Fluid Milk In Rural And Urban Areas Of Utah And Montana, Wells M. Allred, Edward H. Ward

UAES Bulletins

The major purpose of this study was to make an analysis of marketing fluid milk in sparsely populated areas of the West. Costs of processing and delivering milk in small and medium sized processing plants were ascertained. In addition prices and quality of milk available to consumers in sparsely populated and urban areas were compared.

Bulletin No. 364 - The Halogeton Problem In Utah, C. Wayne Cook, L. A. Stoddart

UAES Bulletins

Halogeton (Halogeton glomeratus) although introduced into Utah only 20 years ago, has spread widely on the west desert and into extensive areas on the east desert. This plant has become the most feared poisonous plant in the state because people have been lead to believe that it would limit livestock production to areas kept free of the weed.

Bulletin No. 363 - Butyl Fabrics As Canal Lining Materials, C. W. Lauritzen, W. H. Peterson

UAES Bulletins

The most important prerequisite of linings for controlling seepage losses from irrigation canals is their watertightness. In addition to being watertight, a lining must be relatively durable if it is to be economical. Rigid materials provide satisfactory linings for canals with well-drained and stable subgrades. Under other conditions, where expansive soils are encountered and ground water is a problem, a rigid lining such as concrete is not durable. Considering the many factors that govern the utility and durability of linings, the ideal lining would consist of a material with some flexibility, a material resistant to erosion and mechanical damage, and …

Bulletin No. 362 - Sugar Beet Yield And Quality As Affected By Plan Population, Soil Moisture Condition, And Fertilization, Jay L. Haddock

UAES Bulletins

In 1605 Oliver de Serres, French agronomist, observed that beets contained sugar-and in 1750 Andrew Marggraf, a German physicist, obtained sugar crystals from beets. It was more than 100 years from Marggraf's discovery until the first successful beet sugar factory was developed in the United States at Alvarado, California, in 1870. Since that time beet sugar has become increasingly more important in our national economy. At present continental United States produces a third of her sugar requirements, 70 to 80 percent of which is from sugar beets. The importance of the sugar beet crop in national and world economy is …

Bulletin No. 361 - How Much Barley For Turkeys, C. I. Draper

UAES Bulletins

During recent years high energy turkey diets containing com as the sole source of ground grain have been fed extensively. Corn has been used as the grain part of the mash because of its high energy, low fiber qualities, and because its deficiencies in amino acids, vitamins, and minerals have been determined by research. Supplements to overcome these deficiencies have been added to high energy corn diets. Excellent results have been obtained when adequate supplementation of vitamins, amino acids, and minerals were made.

In this area frequent inquiries are made as to the possibilities of substituting barley for part or …

Bulletin No. 360 - The Effects Of Fertilizer And Moisture On The Growth And Yield Of Sweet Corn, H. B. Peterson, J. C. Ballard

UAES Bulletins

Sweet corn is becoming an important cash crop in many of the irrigated valleys of the Intermountain West. There are a number of factors that influence the yield of this crop, two of which are soil fertility and moisture. A number of investigations have been conducted where the effects of fertilizer have been measured, and the results of these investigations have been highly variable. In general, however, lack of nitrogen has been a major factor limiting yield.

Bulletin No. 358 - The Rainbow Trout In Relation To The Other Fish In Fish Lake, William F. Sigler

UAES Bulletins

The coast rainbow Salmo gairdnerii irideus Gibbons is not indigenous to Utah. Its original range is Pacific North America from Alaska to Mexico. The coast rainbow was first introduced into Utah in 1883 from McCloud River, California.

The rainbow is used more extensively for artificial propagation than any other trout in North America, both for sport fishing and as a commercial food fish. Its natural habitat is big lakes and rivers; it can adapt itself to relatively small ponds, but it does not reproduce in these ponds.

Limnological and fishery investigations on Fish Lake were initiated in 1922 and have …

Bulletin No. 359 - Broiler Production In Utah: An Economic Analysis, Earnest M. Morrison, Thomas I. Gunn

UAES Bulletins

The production of broilers in Utah has become increasingly important in the last few years. Data are not available prior to 1950 but in that year the gross income from the production of broilers was $629,000. In 1951 almost one and a half million broilers were produced bringing a gross income of $1,322,000 to Utah producers.

With the rapid growth in recent years has come a demand for information about this new industry from producers, prospective producers, processors of meat and feed, agricultural leaders, and agricultural advisers. As with most new industries little specific information has been available concerning the …

Bulletin No. 357 - Biennial Report, 1950-1952, R. H. Walker, D. A. Broadbent

UAES Bulletins

For sixty-four years the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station has been studying the problems of the farmer to make life on the farm more profitable and more enjoyable and in turn to improve the economy of the entire state. From the laboratories and from the experimental farms have come research results that have and will continue to mean dollars and cents to the farmer and increased prosperity to the state. Here are a few brief statements of some of the results of the work during the past two years.

Bulletin No. 356 - Consumer Demand For Fruit: Salt Lake City, Utah, 1948-1949, Ellis W. Lamborn, Roice H. Anderson

UAES Bulletins

In a free enterprise economy where production and consumption are adjusted through the medium of prices, consumers direct the kinds and amounts of production through their choices in the market. The problems of production and marketing of any product cannot be effectively solved without studying the wishes and actions of consumers.

To ignore the decisions of consumers is economic suicide. No one can long continue to produce who does not find buyers for his product. The producers who give the consumers what they want, in the form and at the time they want it, and at a price they are …

Bulletin No. 355 - An Economic Study Of The Production Of Canning Tomatoes In Utah, 1948 And 1949, Earnest M. Morrison, George T. Blanch

UAES Bulletins

Production of canning tomatoes is an important enterprise on many farms in Utah. In 1949 this crop brought about $1,772,000 and in 1951, nearly $2,750,000 to the farmers of the state (appendix table 1). Nearly all the canning tomatoes of the state are produced in the counties at the west of the Wasatch Mountains. In order of importance, these are: Davis, Weber, Utah, Box Elder, and Salt Lake (appendix table 2). Since tomatoes are processed relatively close to where they are grown, the income to farmers is not a complete measure of the importance of the tomato enterprise to this …

Bulletin No. 353 - Effect Of Nitrogen Fertilizer On Yield And Protein Content Of Winter Wheat In Utah, Howard B. Peterson

UAES Bulletins

Winter what is one of the major crops of Utah. For more than 50 years winter wheat has been grown on the dry lands of the state. It is about the only crop grown on these lands under the usual alternate cropping and fallow system. Since 1941 acreage in the state has increased about 60 percent. Little or no manure is applied and only occasionally is a legume green manure turned under. It is apparent that with the original low supply of nitrogen in most of the soils of the state, together with the depleting effects of the common cropping …

Bulletin No. 354 - Marketing Of Chickens From Producer To First Handler Washington, Oregon, And Utah (1948-1949), Roice H. Anderson

UAES Bulletins

In 1949 the receipts from eggs and chickens amounted to 8.6, 6.0, and 13.2 percent of the total cash receipts from farm marketings in Washington, Oregon, and Utah, respectively. About three fourths of these receipts were from sale of eggs and one fourth from the sale of chickens. Receipts from chicken sales, while less important than from eggs, amounted to about 21.5 million dollars in 1949 in the three states. As would be expected, considering the importance of egg production in the three states, many of the chickens sold are cull layers and other chickens produced incidental to the egg …

Bulletin No. 352 - Trade In Western Livestock At Auctions: I. Development Relative Importance Operations, Harold Abel, Dee A. Broadbenl

UAES Bulletins

This bulletin reports an introductory and descriptive study and contains specific information on selling livestock at auctions. It is the second bulletin on livestock marketing research in the West prepared under the supervision of the Western Livestock Marketing Research Technical Committee.

The principal objectives of this bulletin are stated as follows: ( 1) to trace the development of livestock marketing in the West and to ascertain the economic conditions responsible for shifts in the total volume of production and marketings of the several types of meat animals sold, and the relative importance of the various marketing agencies used by farmers …

Bulletin No. 346 - Irrigation Waters Of Utah, J. P. Thorne, D. W. Thorne

UAES Bulletins

Irrigation waters are never pure. All contain some dissolved salts. The amount may vary from a trace to concentrations so great that the water is unfit for use. The kind of salt in irrigation water may be even more important than the total amount. Borates in extremely low quantities, for example, may injure or kill crop plants. If the proportion of sodium in irrigation water is high, the soil may be gradually rendered unproductive. On the other hand, the salts may consist in part of essential plant nutrients or other helpful salts that aid in keeping soils productive.

Bulletin No. 348 - Cost And Efficiency Of Producing Canning Corn In Cache County, Utah, 1949, Earnest M. Morrison, Willis G. Kearl

UAES Bulletins

The canning corn enterprise is becoming increasingly important to the farmers of Utah. For two decades prior to 1940, the acreage used in canning corn production varied between 400 and 800 acres; however, it has increased from 600 acres in 1942 to 6,300 acres in 1949. This increase has been larger, both in percentage and in absolute amount, than for any other intertilled or orchard crop in the state during the same period of time. In 1949 the farm value of canning corn sold was $567,000. Peas and tomatoes were the only canning crops which exceeded it in value.

Counties …

Bulletin No. 349 - Management Of Irrigation And Drainage Enterprises In Utah: With Special Reference To The Northern Cache Valley Area, J. Howard Maughan, O. W. Israelsen

UAES Bulletins

The purposes of this study on the management of irrigation and drainage enterprises in northern Cache Valley, Utah, are to assist farmers in the area and in other similar areas to learn the causes of their irrigation and drainage problems and to determine the best approach toward their solution. The bulletin first presents some of the general problems connected with irrigation and drainage organizations, and then discusses the problems of the local area, known as the Cub River area.

Bulletin No. 347 - The Life History And Management Of The Mountain Whitefish Prosopium Williamsoni (Girard) In Logan River Utah, William F. Sigler

UAES Bulletins

In 1948 a comprehensive fishery investigation on Logan River was initiated by the Department of Wildlife Management, Utah State Agricultural College, and the Utah Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit. Three masters' theses have been completed on life histories and populations to date (Thoreson, 1949; Fleener, 1950; Pechacek, 1950). One phase of this investigation is a study of the mountain whitefish Prosopium williamsoni (Girard).

Bulletin No. 350 - Cemeteries Of Box Elder And Summit Counties, Joseph A. Geddes, Carmen Fredrickson

UAES Bulletins

One of man's greatest challenges is to build institutions that adequately meet basic needs. A cemetery is a social institution invented to take care of needs related to the dead.

Times and conditions change. A design which seemed adequate when initiated may soon become archaic and out-moded if it is not modified in the light of new discoveries.

This study raises many issues about cemeteries. As one reads the bulletin many questions concerning the nature and function of other institutions arise. What is their condition in contrast with the cemeteries?

This publication, the first in an institution series planned by …

Bulletin No. 344 - The Nutritive Value Of Range Forage As Affected By Vegetation Type, Site, And State Of Maturity, C. Wayne Cook, Lorin E. Harris

UAES Bulletins

Native ranges of Utah are extremely heterogeneous. Pronounced variations exist in soil, seasonal rainfall, temperatures, and altitude on most grazing areas. Rough topography and micro-climates on even individual grazing allotments present variable vegetation types and site conditions. Such variations account for the comparatively large number of species and variable nutritive content found in range forage.

Bulletin No. 341 - Rambouillet And Columbia-Rambouillet Lambs On The Range And In The Feed Lot, T. Donald Bell, Milton A. Madsen, James A. Bennett, Louis L. Madsen, D. Clarence Schmultz

UAES Bulletins

Sheep of predominately Rambouillet breeding have been most popular on southern Utah ranges because of their hardiness and wool-producing ability. In the early years of sheep production in Utah a major portion of the income was derived from the sale of wool. This situation has gradually changed over the past years and now income from the sale of lambs is greater than that from fleeces. Rambouillet rams with improved mutton qualities have been used by some range operators to increase the mutton producing abilities of their ewes. Other operators have used Corriedale, Panama, Columbia, and other white faced crossbred-type rams …

Bulletin No. 340 - Adult Honey Bee Losses In Utah As Related To Arsenic Poisoning, G. F. Knowlton, A. P. Sturtevant, C. J. Sorenson

UAES Bulletins

During 1947 the 55,000 colonies of honey bees in Utah produced approximately $545,000 worth of marketable honey and beeswax. In addition they pollinated most of the fruit, alfalfa seed, various vegetable and other seed crops. By 1949 the price of honey had declined to where the crop of honey and beeswax was worth $253,000, produced by 49,000 colonies of bees. The value of bees in Utah as pollinating agents to fruit and seed crops greatly exceeds the income received by beekeepers from bee products sold. Because agriculture receives such great benefit from bees, it seems reasonable that farmers who are …

Bulletin No. 339 - Consumer Demand For Peaches Of Varying Stages Of Maturity

UAES Bulletins

Studies of consumer demand for peaches of varying maturities were conducted in Kansas City, Oklahoma City, Minneapolis, and Milwaukee during the 1949 peach marketing season. In these tests standard Elberta peaches from Colorado and Utah were used primarily but occasionally when they were not available Elbertas from Idaho and Michigan were used. No Early Elbertas were used.

This study is designed to promote the orderly marketing of peaches and to expand their consumption, that returns to growers may be maintained or increased. The study is primarily concerned with consumer demand for degree of maturity of Colorado and Utah Elberta peaches. …