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University of Nebraska - Lincoln

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Articles 1951 - 1980 of 2597

Full-Text Articles in Agricultural Science

A Simple Roller-Mill Grinding Procedure For Plant And Soil Samples, S. L. Arnold, James Schepers Jan 2004

A Simple Roller-Mill Grinding Procedure For Plant And Soil Samples, S. L. Arnold, James Schepers

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Obtaining finely ground, homogeneous plant and soil samples for chemical analysis without cross contamination is a major concern when using direct combustion procedures for determination of total nitrogen (N), total carbon (C), and isotope-ratio analysis. A rollermilling device, using square glass bottles instead of round grinding bottles, was evaluated. Rotation of the square bottles on the roller mechanism increased the milling action by the stainless steel rods inside the bottles. The roller-milling device with square grinding bottles resulted in a sample with smaller particles (99.2%<100 >mesh) than with a ball-milling device (83%<100 >mesh). The roller-mill provided acceptable results (soil and …

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Localization Of Aquaporins In The Sperm Storage Tubules In The Turkey Oviduct, L. Zaniboni, M. R. Bakst Jan 2004

Localization Of Aquaporins In The Sperm Storage Tubules In The Turkey Oviduct, L. Zaniboni, M. R. Bakst

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Oviductal sperm storage tubules (SST), located at the uterovaginal junction, are the primary site of sperm storage in turkeys. Sperm reside within these storage sites and may be released via a dynamic interaction between sperm mobility and a fluid current generated by the SST epithelial cells. In this study, aquaporins 2, 3, and 9 (proteins that form water channels in the plasmalemma of a variety of cells) were immunocytochemically localized within the apical aspect of the epithelial cells that form the SST. These observations support the contention that the SST epithelial cells are capable of water exchange that may interact …

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Pest Management Benefits Of Compost Mulch In Apple Orchards, M. W. Brown, Thomas Tworkoski Jan 2004

Pest Management Benefits Of Compost Mulch In Apple Orchards, M. W. Brown, Thomas Tworkoski

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The effect of compost application on weed, fungal, and insect pest management in apple orchards was investigated from 1999 to 2001. Composted poultry manure was applied in June 1999 to half of two small research orchards which had previously received little or no management. The compost provided weed control for 1 year after application. There was no effect of compost on apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) infection. In a laboratory experiment, growth of the brown rot fungus (Monilinia fructicola) was significantly slower on a compost substrate than a sterilized compost substrate. The compost significantly affected arthropod abundance …

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Conservation Of Natural Enemies In Cotton: Role Of Insect Growth Regulators In Management Of Bemisia Tabaci, Steven E. Naranjo, Peter C. Ellsworth, James R. Hagler Jan 2004

Conservation Of Natural Enemies In Cotton: Role Of Insect Growth Regulators In Management Of Bemisia Tabaci, Steven E. Naranjo, Peter C. Ellsworth, James R. Hagler

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Field studies were conducted from 1997 to 1999 to contrast the effects of two insect growth regulators (IGRs) and conventional insecticides on natural enemy conservation in cotton within the context of alternative management strategies for Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). Compared with an untreated control, insecticide regimes based on the initial use of the IGR buprofezin or pyriproxyfen reduced densities of eight predator taxa out of 20 examined in at least one year, including common species such as Geocoris punctipes (Say), Nabis alternatus Parshley, Chrysoperla carnea s.l., and the empidid fly Drapetis nr. divergens. Patterns of predator and pest population change relative …

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Boll Weevil (Anthonomus Grandis Boheman) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Dispersal In The Southern United States: Evidence From Mitochondrial Dna Variation, Kyung Seok Kim, Thomas W. Sappington Jan 2004

Boll Weevil (Anthonomus Grandis Boheman) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Dispersal In The Southern United States: Evidence From Mitochondrial Dna Variation, Kyung Seok Kim, Thomas W. Sappington

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

An understanding of boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis Boheman) dispersal behavior is essential to characterizing and responding to the threat of migration into eradication zones. Genetic variation in boll weevil mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was sampled and analyzed to make inferences on the magnitude and geographic pattern of genetic differentiation among weevil populations from 20 locations across eight U.S. states and northeast Mexico. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) analysis was conducted on a 12.4-kb amplicon of mtDNA from each of 419 individuals.A total of 28 distinct mtDNA haplotypes, 17 of which were unique to single locations, were identified …

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Effects Of Burial And Soil Condition On Postharvest Mortality Of Boll Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) In Fallen Cotton Fruit, S. M. Greenberg, A. T. Showler, T. W. Sappington, J. M. Bradford Jan 2004

Effects Of Burial And Soil Condition On Postharvest Mortality Of Boll Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) In Fallen Cotton Fruit, S. M. Greenberg, A. T. Showler, T. W. Sappington, J. M. Bradford

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Effects of soil condition and burial on boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, mortality in fallen cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., fruit were assessed in this study. During hot weather immediately after summer harvest operations in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas, burial of infested fruit in conventionally tilled field plots permitted significantly greater survival of weevils than in no-tillage plots. Burial of infested squares protected developing weevils from heat and desiccation that cause high mortality on the soil surface during and after harvest in midsummer and late summer. A laboratory assay showed that burial of infested squares resulted in …

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Using Multi-Spectral Imagery To Evaluate Corn Grown Under Nitrogen And Drought Stressed Conditions, Shannon L. Osborne, James S. Schepers, Mike R. Schlemmer Jan 2004

Using Multi-Spectral Imagery To Evaluate Corn Grown Under Nitrogen And Drought Stressed Conditions, Shannon L. Osborne, James S. Schepers, Mike R. Schlemmer

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The in-season estimation of crop stresses which have the potential of adversely affecting crop yield and/or quality could allow producers to make in-season management decisions to correct for the particular stress. A field study was conducted to evaluate the use of multispectral imagery for estimating corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield, in-season biomass and nitrogen (N) concentration under varying N and drought stresses. The experiment was a split-plot design with three replications using a factorial arrangement of treatments. Three irrigation (whole-plot) treatments included dry land, irrigation based on 0.5, and full evapotranspiration (ET). Sub-plot treatments included five N …

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Expression Of A Putative Flavonoid 3'-Hydroxylase In Sorghum Mesocotyls Synthesizing 3-Deoxyanthocyanidin Phytoalexins, Jayanand Boddu, Catherine Svabek, Rajandeep Sekhon, Amanda Gevens, Ralph L. Nicholson, A. Daniel Jones, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, David L. Gustine, Surinder Chopra Jan 2004

Expression Of A Putative Flavonoid 3'-Hydroxylase In Sorghum Mesocotyls Synthesizing 3-Deoxyanthocyanidin Phytoalexins, Jayanand Boddu, Catherine Svabek, Rajandeep Sekhon, Amanda Gevens, Ralph L. Nicholson, A. Daniel Jones, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, David L. Gustine, Surinder Chopra

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

In sorghum, ingress of Cochliobolus heterostrophus stimulates the synthesis of 3-deoxyanthocyanidins that act as phytoalexins. Apigeninidin and luteolinidin are two major phytoalexins induced in the first 24 h after infection. In an attempt to understand genetic regulation of the biosynthesis of sorghum phytoalexins, we isolated a differentially expressed partial cDNA. Characterization and comparison showed that this cDNA sequence corresponds to a putative flavonoid 3’-hydroxylase. Full length sequence characterization allowed us to establish that the sorghum putative f3’h cDNA encodes a peptide of 517 amino acids that has domains conserved among cytochrome P450 proteins functioning in …

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Detection Of Moniliformin In Maize Using Capillary Zone Electrophoresis, C. M. Maragos Jan 2004

Detection Of Moniliformin In Maize Using Capillary Zone Electrophoresis, C. M. Maragos

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Moniliformin is a mycotoxin produced by certain fungi pathogenic to maize. It is capable of causing disease in domestic animals, possibly through inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase. Testing for MON commonly involves extraction of maize, isolation of moniliformin using solid-phase extraction columns and detection with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or gas chromatography. A capillary zone electrophoresisdiode array detection (CZE-DAD) method for determination of moniliformin in maize is reported. The extraction and isolation procedures are similar to those of a commonly used HPLC method, while the detection step requires only 10 min. Sixty-three samples of maize were tested by an established HPLC …

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Levels And Changes Of Soil Phosphorus In Subtropical Beef Cattle Pastures, Gilbert C. Sigua, Mary J. Williams, Samuel W. Coleman Jan 2004

Levels And Changes Of Soil Phosphorus In Subtropical Beef Cattle Pastures, Gilbert C. Sigua, Mary J. Williams, Samuel W. Coleman

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Long-term pasture management is believed to change soil chemical properties, but little is known about whether pasture management, such as fertilizer application, grazing, or haying can initiate such change in sandy and well-drained subtropical beef pastures. The objective of this study was to investigate the long term effect of pasture management (grazing+haying, GZ+HY) on soil phosphorus (P) dynamics (levels and changes) in subtropical beef cattle pastures with bahiagrass (BG, Paspalum notatum) and rhizoma peanut (RP, Arachis glabrata) with (WP) or without (WNP) P fertilization in Brooksville, FL from 1988 to 2000. Soil P dynamics in Subtropical Agricultural Research …

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Aquaporins Are Observed In The Duct Epithelia Of The Epididymal Region Of The Large White Turkey, L. Zaniboni, V. Akuffo, M. R. Bakst Jan 2004

Aquaporins Are Observed In The Duct Epithelia Of The Epididymal Region Of The Large White Turkey, L. Zaniboni, V. Akuffo, M. R. Bakst

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating the reuptake of the testicular fluid supporting sperm exiting the testes in the bird are not known. The presence of aquaporins, proteins involved in transmembrane water transport, was investigated. Observations were limited to the ductuli efferentes, collecting ducts, and ductus epididymis. Interestingly all of these ducts were positive for aquaporins-2, -3, and -9 but not aquaporin- 7. When positive, aquaporin was observed localized over the whole cell or the apical plasma membrane of the nonciliated cells and the apical plasma membrane and cilia of the ciliated cells. This study is the first to clearly …

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Plasma Clearance And Tissue Distribution Of Radiolabeled Leptin In The Chicken, John P. Mcmurtry, Christopher M. Ashwell, Donna M. Brocht, Thomas J. Caperna Jan 2004

Plasma Clearance And Tissue Distribution Of Radiolabeled Leptin In The Chicken, John P. Mcmurtry, Christopher M. Ashwell, Donna M. Brocht, Thomas J. Caperna

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Leptin is an adipose and liver tissue-derived secreted protein in chickens that has been implicated in the regulation of food intake and whole-body energy balance. In this study, the metabolic clearance and tissue uptake of leptin were examined in the chicken (Gallus gallus). Four-week-old broiler males were infused with 125I-labeled mouse leptin. Chromatography of radiolabeled leptin in plasma produced two peaks, one at 16 kDa (free leptin) and a free iodine peak. No leptin binding protein in blood was detected. Leptin was cleared with a half-life estimate of 23 min. In order to investigate the tissue distribution …

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Influence Of Different Cotton Fruit Sizes On Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Oviposition And Survival To Adulthoods., S. M. Greenberg, T. W. Sappington, M. Sétamou, R. J. Coleman Jan 2004

Influence Of Different Cotton Fruit Sizes On Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Oviposition And Survival To Adulthoods., S. M. Greenberg, T. W. Sappington, M. Sétamou, R. J. Coleman

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Understanding the critical host plant factors that determine oviposition behavior and survival of boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, on cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., is important for developing successful pest management strategies. However, published information is both conflicting and limited regarding how different cotton fruit sizes affect boll weevil oviposition choices and subsequent larval survival to adulthood. Consequently, we used a standard based on fruit size diameter to evaluate boll weevil feeding and oviposition punctures, and survival to adulthood on 10 different cotton fruit sizes: squares of diameter 1.5-2.0 (pinhead), 3.0-3.5 (matchhead), 5-6, 7-8, or 9-10 mm; candle; and bolls …

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Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Survival Through The Seed Cotton Cleaning Process In The Cotton Gin, Thomas W. Sappington, Alan D. Brashears, Megha N. Parajulee, Stanley C. Carroll, Mark D. Arnold, Roy V. Baker Jan 2004

Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Survival Through The Seed Cotton Cleaning Process In The Cotton Gin, Thomas W. Sappington, Alan D. Brashears, Megha N. Parajulee, Stanley C. Carroll, Mark D. Arnold, Roy V. Baker

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

There is concern that gins located in boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, eradication zones may become points of reintroduction when they process cotton grown in a neighboring infested area. We estimated boll weevil survival through two typical machine sequences used in commercial cotton gins to clean and dry the seed cotton in advance of the gin stand, as well as separately through two incline cylinder cleaners or one or two tower dryers operating at different temperatures. Large numbers of laboratory-reared adult boll weevils were marked with fluorescent powder, fed into the test system, and recovered with the assistance of …

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Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Survival Through Cotton Gin Trash Fans, Thomas W. Sappington, Alan D. Brashears, Megha N. Parajulee, Stanley C. Carroll, Mark D. Arnold, Roy V. Baker Jan 2004

Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Survival Through Cotton Gin Trash Fans, Thomas W. Sappington, Alan D. Brashears, Megha N. Parajulee, Stanley C. Carroll, Mark D. Arnold, Roy V. Baker

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

There is concern that cotton gins may serve as loci for reintroduction of boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, to eradicated or suppressed zones when processing weevil infested cotton from neighboring zones. Previous work has shown that virtually all weevils entering the gin in the seed cotton will be removed before they reach the gin stand. Those not killed by the seed cotton cleaning machinery will be shunted alive into the trash fraction, which passes through a centrifugal trash fan before exiting the gin. The objective of this study was to determine survival potential of boll weevils passed through a …

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Registration Of Nineteen Waxy Spring Wheats, Robert A. Graybosch, E.J. Souza, W.A. Berzonsky, P. Stephen Baenziger, D.J. Mcvey, O.K. Chung Jan 2004

Registration Of Nineteen Waxy Spring Wheats, Robert A. Graybosch, E.J. Souza, W.A. Berzonsky, P. Stephen Baenziger, D.J. Mcvey, O.K. Chung

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Nineteen spring waxy (amylose-free) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm lines (Reg. no. GP-748 to GP-766, PI 619354–619357, 619359–619363, 619365–619369, 619371–619375) were developed and released by the ARS, USDA, and the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station in cooperation with the Agricultural Experiment Stations of North Dakota and Idaho in September 2002. Waxy wheats carry three non-functional (null) alleles (Wx-A1b, Wx-B1b, and Wx-D1b) at the genetic loci encoding the enzyme granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS, EC 2.4.1.21) (Nakamura et al., 1995). GBSS also is known as the “waxy” protein. Waxy wheats produce endospermstarch that is nearly devoid of amylose. Such starch …

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Tillage And Cropping Effects On Soil Quality Indicators In The Northern Great Plains, Mark A. Liebig, D. L. Tanaka, Brian J. Wienhold Jan 2004

Tillage And Cropping Effects On Soil Quality Indicators In The Northern Great Plains, Mark A. Liebig, D. L. Tanaka, Brian J. Wienhold

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The extreme climate of the northern Great Plains of North America requires cropping systems to possess a resilient soil resource in order to be sustainable. This paper summarizes the interactive effects of tillage, crop sequence, and cropping intensity on soil quality indicators for two long-term cropping system experiments in the northern Great Plains. The experiments, located in central North Dakota, were established in 1984 and 1993 on a Wilton silt loam (FAO: Calcic Siltic Chernozem; USDA1: fine-silty, mixed, superactive frigid Pachic Haplustoll). Soil physical, chemical, and biological properties considered as indicators of soil quality were evaluated in spring 2001 in …

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Geographic And Voltinism Differentiation Among North American Ostrinia Nubilalis (European Corn Borer) Mitochondrial Cytochrome C Oxidase Haplotypes, Brad S. Coates, Douglas V. Sumerford, Richard L. Hellmich Jan 2004

Geographic And Voltinism Differentiation Among North American Ostrinia Nubilalis (European Corn Borer) Mitochondrial Cytochrome C Oxidase Haplotypes, Brad S. Coates, Douglas V. Sumerford, Richard L. Hellmich

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

DNA sequence of European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (cox1) and II (cox2) genes were characterized and used for population genetic analysis. Twenty-six point mutations were identified from a 2,156 bp DNA sequence alignment. The frequency of polymorphic cox1 DdeI and HaeIII, and cox2 Sau3AI and MspI restriction sites were determined from 1,414 individuals by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism. Ten haplotypes were observed. A single haplotype was present among 90% of individuals examined, and a HaeIII haplotype was not present in …

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Habitat Manipulation Of The Apple Orchard Floor To Increase Ground-Dwelling Predators And Predation Of Cydia Pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), Clarissa R. Mathews, Dale G. Bottrell, M. W. Brown Jan 2004

Habitat Manipulation Of The Apple Orchard Floor To Increase Ground-Dwelling Predators And Predation Of Cydia Pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), Clarissa R. Mathews, Dale G. Bottrell, M. W. Brown

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Augmenting generalist predator populations in new apple (Malus domestica Bork) plantings could potentially aid in the establishment of balanced orchard ecosystems that are less susceptible to pest outbreaks. Habitat can be an important factor in retaining predators in a system and can affect predator efficiency. We investigated the potential of increasing a complex of generalist ground-dwelling predators and enhancing biological control in a young 'Golden Delicious' apple orchard through ground habitat manipulation. We modified the orchard floor with four comparative habitat treatments: (1) detritus-rich compost mulch layer, (2) detritus-free synthetic mulch layer, (3) herbicide-treated vegetation thatch, and (4) bare …

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Multiple Virus Infections In The Honey Bee And Genome Divergence Of Honey Bee Viruses, Yanping Chen, Yanping Zhao, John Hammond, Hei-Ti Hsu, Jay Evans, Mark Feldlaufea Jan 2004

Multiple Virus Infections In The Honey Bee And Genome Divergence Of Honey Bee Viruses, Yanping Chen, Yanping Zhao, John Hammond, Hei-Ti Hsu, Jay Evans, Mark Feldlaufea

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Using uniplex RT-PCR we screened honey bee colonies for the presence of several bee viruses, including black queen cell virus (BQCV), deformed wing virus (DWV), Kashmir bee virus (KBV), and sacbrood virus (SBV), and described the detection of mixed virus infections in bees from these colonies. We report for the first time that individual bees can harbor four viruses simultaneously. We also developed a multiplex RT-PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of multiple bee viruses. The feasibility and specificity of the multiplex RT-PCR assay suggests that this assay is an effective tool for simultaneous examination of mixed virus infections in …

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Comparison Of Production, Meat Yield, And Meat Quality Traits Of Nwac103 Line Channel Catfish, Norris Line Channel Catfish, And Female Channel Catfish × Male Blue Catfish F1 Hybrids, Brian G. Bosworth, William R. Wolters, Juan L. Silva, Roberto S. Chamul, Sinyoung Park Jan 2004

Comparison Of Production, Meat Yield, And Meat Quality Traits Of Nwac103 Line Channel Catfish, Norris Line Channel Catfish, And Female Channel Catfish × Male Blue Catfish F1 Hybrids, Brian G. Bosworth, William R. Wolters, Juan L. Silva, Roberto S. Chamul, Sinyoung Park

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

NWAC103 line channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, Norris line channel catfish, and Norris line female channel catfish × Dycus Farm line male blue catfish I. furcatus F1 hybrids were compared for production, meat yield, and meat quality traits. Juvenile fish from each genetic group were stocked at 12,000 fish/ha into three, 0.04-ha ponds per genetic group. Fish were fed once daily to satiation from June through October, and fed on days when afternoon water temperatures were above 17 °C from November through December. Fish were harvested, weighed, and counted in January, and 150 fish per genetic group (50 fish …

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Molecular Mapping And Identification Of Soybean Fatty Acid Modifier Quantitative Trait Loci, D. L. Hyten Jr., Vincent R. Pantalone, Arnold M. Saxton, Michael E. Schmidt, Carl E. Sams Jan 2004

Molecular Mapping And Identification Of Soybean Fatty Acid Modifier Quantitative Trait Loci, D. L. Hyten Jr., Vincent R. Pantalone, Arnold M. Saxton, Michael E. Schmidt, Carl E. Sams

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Altering FA content in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil for improved functionality is a research goal of many soybean breeders. Several of the genes that alter palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids are modifier genes with small effects, causing these FA traits to act as quantitative traits. The objective of this study was to identify modifier FA quantitative trait loci (QTL) in soybean. A recombinant inbred line population was created from two prominent ancestors of currently avail-able U.S. cultivars (Essex and Williams) and grown in five environments. One hundred simple se-quence repeat markers spaced throughout the genome …

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Implementation Of A Mitochondrial Mutator, Sally Mackenzie, Ricardo Vilela Abdelnoor Jan 2004

Implementation Of A Mitochondrial Mutator, Sally Mackenzie, Ricardo Vilela Abdelnoor

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Plant MSH1 polynucleotides and polypeptides are described. Also described are methods for the use and modulation of such MSH1 polynucleotides and polypeptides.

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A Method To Detect Oxidative Stress By Monitoring Changes In The Extracellular Antioxidant Capacity In Plant Suspension Cells, C. Jacyn Baker, Norton M. Mock Jan 2004

A Method To Detect Oxidative Stress By Monitoring Changes In The Extracellular Antioxidant Capacity In Plant Suspension Cells, C. Jacyn Baker, Norton M. Mock

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Detection of H2O2 in the supernatant of plant suspension cells is often used to indicate the time and extent of the oxidative burst during interactions with either bacteria or pathogen-related elicitors. We have found that suspensions of plant cells, depending on conditions, may produce considerable levels of extracellular phenolics that can function as antioxidants and prevent or suppress the detection of H2O2. These compounds can be used as substrates by extracellular peroxidases to scavenge stoichiometric amounts of H2O2. When this occurs during plant/pathogen interactions it can mask both the …

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Carbon Dioxide Dynamics During A Growing Season In Midwestern Cropping Systems, J. H. Prueger, J. L. Hatfield, T. B. Parkin, W.P. Kustas, T. C. Kaspar Jan 2004

Carbon Dioxide Dynamics During A Growing Season In Midwestern Cropping Systems, J. H. Prueger, J. L. Hatfield, T. B. Parkin, W.P. Kustas, T. C. Kaspar

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Daily and seasonal CO2-exchange dynamics between the boundary layer and biosphere is important to understanding Net Ecosystem Exchange of terrestrial ecosystems. Spatial and temporal variations of CO2 fluxes across midwestern cropping systems have not been well documented. This study was designed to monitor and evaluate spatial and temporal dynamics of CO2 exchange across a watershed region for typical production fields of corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in the Midwest by quantifying the above-canopy, within-canopy, and soil components of C balance for this cropping system. An energy-balance approach using eddy …

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Water Quality And The Grazing Animal, R. K. Hubbard, G. L. Newton, G. M. Hill Jan 2004

Water Quality And The Grazing Animal, R. K. Hubbard, G. L. Newton, G. M. Hill

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Grazing animals and pasture production can affect water quality both positively and negatively. Good management practices for forage production protect the soil surface from erosion compared with conventionally produced crops. Grazing animals and pasture production can negatively affect water quality through erosion and sediment transport into surface waters, through nutrients from urine and feces dropped by the animals and fertility practices associated with production of high-quality pasture, and through pathogens from the wastes. Erosion and sediment transport is primarily associated with high-density stocking and/ or poor forage stands. The two nutrients of primary concern relating to animal production are N …

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Evaluation Of Adapted Wheat Cultivars For Tolerance To Pythium Root Rot, R. W. Higginbotham, T. C. Paulitz, K. A. Garland-Campbell, K. K. Kidwell Jan 2004

Evaluation Of Adapted Wheat Cultivars For Tolerance To Pythium Root Rot, R. W. Higginbotham, T. C. Paulitz, K. A. Garland-Campbell, K. K. Kidwell

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Genetic resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum) against Pythium species would be an efficient means of control of this major root fungal pathogen, but so far no source has been identified. In addition, no long-term, sustainable options for controlling Pythium root rot are available; therefore, identifying and then incorporating genetic resistance into wheat cultivars would create an ideal method of control for this disease. The objective of this study was to examine the level of tolerance to Pythium root rot among a diverse set of wheat germ plasm collected from all major wheat production regions in the United States.

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Elemental Uptake In Relation To Root Characteristics Of Tall Fescue, Glenn E. Shewmaker, Douglas A. Johnson, Henry F. Mayland, Scott A. Martin, Susie B. Hansen Jan 2004

Elemental Uptake In Relation To Root Characteristics Of Tall Fescue, Glenn E. Shewmaker, Douglas A. Johnson, Henry F. Mayland, Scott A. Martin, Susie B. Hansen

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

HiMag, an accession of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), was selected for high magnesium (Mg) concentration in leaves to reduce grass tetany risk to ruminants. However, the mechanism for enhanced Mg uptake in HiMag leaves has not been determined. The objective was to investigate if increased Mg uptake in HiMag could be explained by differences in elemental distribution among plant parts, root characteristics, or organic acid concentrations compared to its parental cultivars, ‘‘Kentucky 31’’ (KY31) and ‘‘Missouri 96’’ (MO96). The study was conducted on a surface-irrigated calcareous Portneuf silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed, mesic, Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcid). Vegetation and soil …

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Betaine Improves Growth, But Does Not Induce Whole Body Or Hepatic Palmitate Oxidation In Swine (Sus Scrofa Domestica), Diane Wray-Cahen, Ignacio Fernández-Fígares, Erkki Virtanen, Norman C. Steele, Thomas J. Caperna Jan 2004

Betaine Improves Growth, But Does Not Induce Whole Body Or Hepatic Palmitate Oxidation In Swine (Sus Scrofa Domestica), Diane Wray-Cahen, Ignacio Fernández-Fígares, Erkki Virtanen, Norman C. Steele, Thomas J. Caperna

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Dietary betaine may reduce carcass fat in growing pigs. We explored the effects of betaine on short-term growth and in vivo and in vitro fatty acid oxidation. Pigs were housed in metabolism crates and fed diets containing either 0% (control), 0.125% or 0.5% betaine at 80% of ad libitum energy intake. Fatty acid oxidation was measured during intravenous infusions of 1-13C-palmitate and in hepatocytes incubated in the presence or absence of betaine and carnitine. CO2 and palmitate isotopic enrichments were determined by mass spectrometry. Pigs consuming 0.125% and 0.5% betaine for at least 9 days had growth …

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Potential For Escape Of Live Boll Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Into Cottonseed, Motes, And Cleaned Lint At The Cotton Gin, Thomas W. Sappington, Alan D. Brashears, Megha N. Parajulee, Stanley C. Carroll, Mark D. Arnold, Roy V. Baker Jan 2004

Potential For Escape Of Live Boll Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Into Cottonseed, Motes, And Cleaned Lint At The Cotton Gin, Thomas W. Sappington, Alan D. Brashears, Megha N. Parajulee, Stanley C. Carroll, Mark D. Arnold, Roy V. Baker

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Reintroductions of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, into areas of the United States where it has been eradicated or suppressed are very expensive to mitigate. There is concern that a cotton gin in an eradication zone may serve as a site of boll weevil reintroductions when processing cotton harvested in a neighboring infested zone. Similarly, there is a question whether weevil-free areas can safely import gin products, such as cottonseed and baled lint, from infested areas without risking an introduction. Many countries require fumigation of imported U.S. cotton bales to protect against boll weevil introductions, costing the U.S. …

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