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Articles 6301 - 6330 of 9503
Full-Text Articles in Agricultural Science
Selenium And Sulphur Concentrations In Primary Growths Of Different Plant Communities, W. Opitz Von Boberfeld
Selenium And Sulphur Concentrations In Primary Growths Of Different Plant Communities, W. Opitz Von Boberfeld
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The factorised evaluated data of seven different grassland swards and two harvest dates of primary growths led to following results: Regarding the concentrations of selenium and sulphur, a selenium antagonist, and the N/S ratio, there were no significant plant community x harvest date, plant community x year, and harvest date x year interactions. The selenium concentrations, which never met the requirements of ruminants, were the highest in young herbage of a Bromion racemosi community reaching 49 µg kg-1 DM. The average of all swards and treatments was 33 µg kg-1 DM of selenium. Apparently, repeated application of selenate-bearing …
Canopy Characteristics, Ingestive Behaviour And Herbage Intake In Cultivated Tropical Grasslands, Lynn E. Sollenberger, J. C. Burns
Canopy Characteristics, Ingestive Behaviour And Herbage Intake In Cultivated Tropical Grasslands, Lynn E. Sollenberger, J. C. Burns
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Compared to temperate systems, there have been few detailed assessments of canopy characteristics and associated grazing behavior in planted tropical grasslands. Reasons include the large number of forage species used in warm climates, the diversity of their morphology, research priorities emphasizing germplasm evaluation and management, and limited resources. This review describes canopy attributes of C4 grass pastures, highlights the most important relationships between grazing behavior and these canopy characteristics, and discusses the implications of canopy characteristics and grazing behavior for long-term intake and animal performance. It is suggested that the largest differences in canopy characteristics between tropical and temperate …
Foraging Behaviour And Intake In Temperate Cultivated Grasslands, S. Prache, J. L. Peyraud
Foraging Behaviour And Intake In Temperate Cultivated Grasslands, S. Prache, J. L. Peyraud
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In temperate areas, grazing provides a large part of the nutrient requirements of ruminants and may be an important form of land use. In Europe, grassland occupies some 150 million hectares, and grazing provides about 60 to 75% of the nutrient requirements of cattle (Wilkins and Vidrih 2000). From the end of the 80’s, agricultural surpluses in Europe have led to production quotas and increased interest in more extensive systems. At the beginning of the 90’s, the emergence of the notion of sustainable agriculture combining economic, social (concerns in dereliction of less-favoured rural areas), and environmental issues (pollution, loss of …
A Comparative Grazing Study Of Sheep And Cattle Diet Selection On Native Pastures In Uruguay, Fabio Montossi, G. Pigurina, E. J. Berretta, I. Santamarina
A Comparative Grazing Study Of Sheep And Cattle Diet Selection On Native Pastures In Uruguay, Fabio Montossi, G. Pigurina, E. J. Berretta, I. Santamarina
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
An experiment was carried out during winter, spring and summer 1997, on native pastures of the basaltic region of Uruguay to evaluate the effects of different herbage mass levels (high, medium and low) on sward characteristics and on sheep and cattle diet selection and grazing behaviour. Higher herbage masses resulted in increments in herbage accumulation and sheep bite weight: winter (1880, 1513 and 610 kg DM ha-1, P < 0.01; 199, 148 and 128 mg DM/bite, P < 0.01), and summer (3046, 2175 and 1172 kg DM ha-1, P < 0.01; 214, 175 and 143 mg DM/bite, P < 0.01) for high, medium and low herbage mass levels respectively. The nutritive value of diet selected by sheep and cattle was higher than that of the herbage on offer, and higher in sheep than in cattle: winter (10.2, 15.9 and 12.5% crude protein, CP, P < 0.05; 49.2, 32.4 and 38.1% acid detergent fiber, ADF, P < 0.01, and summer (7.4, 10 and 9.5% CP, P < 0.05; 51.1, 36.8 and 43% ADF, P < 0.01) for herbage on offer, sheep and cattle diets respectively. These contrasting results found in the nutritive value were closely associated with differences in the proportions of the botanical components recorded, particularly the differential contribution of dead material. This experiment quantified the importance of diet selection in determining the nutritive value of the forage eaten by sheep and cattle on the native pastures of the basaltic region of Uruguay and established some relationships between diet selection and grazing management, involving animal selectivity ability differences (sheep versus cattle) and seasonal effects.
A Sheep And Catlle Diet Selection Study On A Fertilized Native Sward In Uruguay, Fabio Montossi, E. J. Berretta, G. Pigurina, I. Santamarina
A Sheep And Catlle Diet Selection Study On A Fertilized Native Sward In Uruguay, Fabio Montossi, E. J. Berretta, G. Pigurina, I. Santamarina
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
This study was undertaken during winter, spring and summer 1997, located in the basaltic region of Uruguay to evaluate the effects of stocking rate (SR) and N and P fertilizer application on sward characteristics and on sheep and cattle diet selection and grazing behaviour. The treatments applied were: a) control (C; without fertilizer application using a SR of 0.9 stock units (SU)/ha), b) T1 (with N and P fertilizer application using a SR of 0.9 SU/ha), c) T2 (with N and P fertilizer application using a SR of 1.2 SU/ha) and d) T3 (with N and P fertilizer application using …
Ingestive Behavior Of Beef Cattle Fed Either Protein Or Energy Supplements Under A Rotational Grazing System, R. P. Manzano, Luiz Gustavo Nussio, M. P. Andreucci, K. Z. Veiga, R. Z. M. Costa
Ingestive Behavior Of Beef Cattle Fed Either Protein Or Energy Supplements Under A Rotational Grazing System, R. P. Manzano, Luiz Gustavo Nussio, M. P. Andreucci, K. Z. Veiga, R. Z. M. Costa
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Eight Nellore bullocks were assigned to a Tanzânia grass pasture (Panicum maximum Jacq.) under a rotational grazing system, to evaluate the ingestive behavior under two different grazing residues. Stocking rate intensity was used to reach either 1000 kg DM.ha-1 (R1) or 4000 kg DM.ha-1 (R2) as residual targets. Three grazing days followed by 33 days resting period, composed a 36 day grazing cycle. Each grazing plot supported four animals, in a 4x4 Latin square design, within the following supplementation rates and sources: S1 = no supplement; S2 = 2,0 kg DM.day-1 coarsely ground corn - 8 …
Changes In Pasture Growth Rate Due To Fertiliser And Grazing Management, P. Quigley, D. Chapman, J. Lamb, G. Kearney
Changes In Pasture Growth Rate Due To Fertiliser And Grazing Management, P. Quigley, D. Chapman, J. Lamb, G. Kearney
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
It is imperative that sheep production systems in southern Australia continue to be refined so producers remain financially viable but at the same time the environment is not degraded. As part of a national thrust for development and promotion of better production systems, one research site has been established in Victoria where pastures and animal production are measured together with water and nutrient movement. Results for pasture growth rates over two years are presented here and will be used to develop best industry practice at completion of the project.
Response Of Mixed C4 Grasses To Various Multiple Paddock Grazing Strategies, B. E. Anderson, W. H. Schacht
Response Of Mixed C4 Grasses To Various Multiple Paddock Grazing Strategies, B. E. Anderson, W. H. Schacht
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The botanical composition of mixed grass pastures may change during grazing due to the various grazing period/recovery period lengths associated with multiple-paddock grazing strategies. This 4-year study compared changes in relative species composition and basal plant cover of a C4 grass mixture grazed using a nested paddock design to simulate 2, 4, 6 and 12- paddock grazing cells in eastern Nebraska. Total basal plant cover declined from 11.6% prior to grazing to 7.3% after one year of grazing and then remained nearly constant thereafter. Neither relative species composition nor basal density were affected greatly by grazing strategy. Within grazing …
Spatial And Time Distribution Of Dairy Cattle Manure In An Intensive Pasture System, S. L. White, S. P. Washburn, L. D. King, R. E. Sheffield, J. T. Green Jr.
Spatial And Time Distribution Of Dairy Cattle Manure In An Intensive Pasture System, S. L. White, S. P. Washburn, L. D. King, R. E. Sheffield, J. T. Green Jr.
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
This study determined distribution of feces and urine from dairy cattle managed in a rotationally grazed pasture. Lactating Holsteins (n=18) and Jerseys (n=18) were grazed on a .74 ha endophyte-free fescue (Festuca arundinacea)/white clover (Trifolium repens) pasture. All cows were constantly observed for 24 h 6 times over 12 mo. Cows had access to about 54% of the paddock during the first grazing period (12 h) and had access to the entire paddock during the second grazing period (8 h). Data included: (1) all feces and urine events from eight cows, observed while in the pasture, …
Test Of A Conversion Equation To Increase The Accuracy Of Microhistological Analysis Of Herbivore Diets In The Pantanal, S. A. Santos, C. Costa, A. Pott, J. M. Alvarez
Test Of A Conversion Equation To Increase The Accuracy Of Microhistological Analysis Of Herbivore Diets In The Pantanal, S. A. Santos, C. Costa, A. Pott, J. M. Alvarez
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Forty forage species samples were collected in September 1999, including grass, sedges, forbs, shrubs and trees. Seven hand-compounded mixtures of known botanical composition and dry weight were prepared. Five slides of each mixture were made and 20 frequency observations were recorded per slide. Two procedures were used to determine percent composition on a dry weight basis and their values were converted to correct the proportion of the unidentifiable fragments amongst species. Estimated and actual values differed significantly (P < 0.05) in 31.7%, 34.1%, 12.2% and 12.2% of the species for frequency addition (FA), density convertion (DC), frequency addition converted (FAC) and density convertion converted (DCC), respectively. The average similarity values between estimated and observed mixture were 90.2, 86.0, 94.2 and 93.3 for FA, DC, FAC and DCC, respectively. In conclusion, food habits by microscopic analysis may be described using any of the procedures tested because they rank important forage species for herbivores.
Effects Of Herbage Allowance Upon Animal Performance And Grazing Behavior Of Strip-Grazed Heifers, Claudio F. Machado, F. Di Croce, F. Gonzalez, H. Zeballos, N. J. Auza, M. H. Wade, S. T. Morris, J. Hodgson
Effects Of Herbage Allowance Upon Animal Performance And Grazing Behavior Of Strip-Grazed Heifers, Claudio F. Machado, F. Di Croce, F. Gonzalez, H. Zeballos, N. J. Auza, M. H. Wade, S. T. Morris, J. Hodgson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A trial was designed to test the effect of herbage allowance (HA) on live-weight gain (LWG) and grazing behavior of heifers during spring as part of a combined field-modeling research programme. Low HA (L) and high HA (H) of 2.5 and 5.0 kg DM herbage mass 100 kg animal LW-1day-1 were fed respectively. H animals grazed longer and achieved a higher LWG than L (P < 0.05). H animals left a higher residual pasture (P < 0.051) with a significantly (P < 0.05) higher content of green, clover, non-lamina and petiole of a higher digestibility and NSC, with a lower NDF content. The significance of some factors involved in these results on intake and diet selection are discussed in relation to the predictability of animal performance.
Factors Influencing The Yield Proportions Of Plantago Lanceolata L. And Taraxacum Officinale Web. In Lolium Perenne L. Swards, Harald Laser
Factors Influencing The Yield Proportions Of Plantago Lanceolata L. And Taraxacum Officinale Web. In Lolium Perenne L. Swards, Harald Laser
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Diaspores of Plantago lanceolata and Taraxacum officinale respectively were sown in established Lolium perenne swards to determine the dynamics of their yield proportions during five years. The experimental factors were forb species, variety of the grass species (= early or late flowering), N-fertilization, and sward density. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer had the most important effect on yield proportions of the forb species and also on the total dry-matter (= DM) yield. The single creation of gaps in grass swards before sowing forbs had a lasting positive effect on the Plantago lanceolata and Taraxacum officinale proportions. Peak proportions of Taraxacum …
Dynamic Of Native Pasture Influenced By Deferment Of Grazing And Fertilization, K. E. Gomes, G. E. Maraschin, J. Riboldi
Dynamic Of Native Pasture Influenced By Deferment Of Grazing And Fertilization, K. E. Gomes, G. E. Maraschin, J. Riboldi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Native pastures of southern Brazil cover 12 million ha and are the main forage feed resource for most domestic livestock. However, their heavy and continuous use has reduced standing biomass and the presence of good forage species, reducing animal performance and jeopardizing the ecosystem sustainability. An alternative for better use of these pastures and their preservation is grazing deferment that allow natural reseeding. The objective of this research was evaluate native pasture dynamic after six years of grazing deferments (GD) periods and soil fertilization effects by point-quadrat method every season. All pasture components were affected by GD, with prostrate grasses …
Evaluation Of Plant Functional Types Response To Grazing And Fertilizer Levels In Natural Grassland, Zélia M. S. Castilhos, V. D. Pillar
Evaluation Of Plant Functional Types Response To Grazing And Fertilizer Levels In Natural Grassland, Zélia M. S. Castilhos, V. D. Pillar
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
We report a study on a natural grassland experiment with the objective of finding optimal plant functional types (PFTs) for the description of vegetation response to levels of grazing (ungrazed, grazed) and fertilizer (with, without). The experiment was a split-plot design in randomized blocks, with three replications and the grazing levels in the main plots. Vegetation description was based on species composition and on 12 plant morphology attributes (life-form, growth-form, stem tissue type, leaf cross section, leaf texture, leaf dorsal epidermal surface, leaf ventral epidermal surface, spininess, leaf resistance, leaf width, plant height). Cover-abundance of species was visually estimated. By …
Mountain Pastures Structure And Its Relationship With Grazing, I. Albizu, S. Mendarte, G. Besga, I. Amezaga, M. Onaindia
Mountain Pastures Structure And Its Relationship With Grazing, I. Albizu, S. Mendarte, G. Besga, I. Amezaga, M. Onaindia
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The present work aims toward an approach to mountain pastures as a system of relationships in which it is needed to point out those environmental factors that reflect more clearly their structure and potential productivity. This initial step of pasture tipification is important as a previous activity before the planning and management of protected areas because these areas support an intensive pastoral activity. In order to achieve this objective a field study was conducted in two areas in the Gorbeia Natural Park (Bizkaia): Arraba and Aldamiñape, located at 900-1100 masl. In each pasture four plots were selected according to orientation …
Structure And Function Vegetation Conditions By Grazing Processes In A Humid Pampean Grassland (Argentina), O. E. Ansín, Estrella M. Oyhamburu, E. A. Hoffmann, M. A. Eirin
Structure And Function Vegetation Conditions By Grazing Processes In A Humid Pampean Grassland (Argentina), O. E. Ansín, Estrella M. Oyhamburu, E. A. Hoffmann, M. A. Eirin
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Expressed changes were evaluated as consequence of the cattle grazing, or their exclusion, in the structure of plant communities of the Flooding Pampa. We center our interest in the species numbers, plant cover, species diversity and forage availability. The treatments were: a) continuous grazing, b) enclosure grazing and c) controlled grazing. The enclosure grazing area was installed two years before starting the measurements. In the continuous grazing St. Augustine grass (Stenotaphrum secundatum Walt.) holds its initial cover of 64 % and dallis grass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.) the 15 %. In the enclosure grazing S. secundatum decreased its cover …
Nitrogen Dynamics From Decomposing Litter Of Panicum Maximum With Different Nitrogen And Phosphorus Content In Brazilian Alfissol, R. M. Schunke, J. C. Kiehl, Valdinei T. Paulino, S. Urquiaga, R. M. Bodey, B. Alves
Nitrogen Dynamics From Decomposing Litter Of Panicum Maximum With Different Nitrogen And Phosphorus Content In Brazilian Alfissol, R. M. Schunke, J. C. Kiehl, Valdinei T. Paulino, S. Urquiaga, R. M. Bodey, B. Alves
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objective of this study was to measure the dynamics (immobilization and release) of N and to evaluate the effect of the initial chemical composition of four Panicum maximum cultivars grown in a Alfisol and fertilized with different levels of nitrogen (0, 80 e 160 kg ha-1 de N) and phosphorus (0 e 200 kg ha-1), on the release of the N from the litter using the litterbags technique. There was an increase in the litter initial concentration of N with time of decomposition. The Aruana and Vencedor cultivars released about 70 and 60% of N; respectively, …
Impact Of Grazing Management Strategies On Carbon Sequestration In A Semi-Arid Rangeland, Usa, J. D. Reeder, G. E. Schuman, J. A. Morgan, D. R. Lecain, R. H. Hart
Impact Of Grazing Management Strategies On Carbon Sequestration In A Semi-Arid Rangeland, Usa, J. D. Reeder, G. E. Schuman, J. A. Morgan, D. R. Lecain, R. H. Hart
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The effects of 12 years of grazing management strategies on carbon (C) distribution and sequestration were assessed on a semi-arid mixed-grass prairie in Wyoming, USA. Five grazing treatments were evaluated: non-grazed exclosures; continuous, season-long grazing at a light (22 steer-days ha-1) stocking rate; and, rotationally-deferred, short-duration rotation, and continuous, season-long grazing, all three at a heavy stocking rate (59 steer-days ha-1). Non-grazed exclosures exhibited a large buildup of dead plant material (72% of total aboveground plant matter) and forb biomass represented a large component (35%) of the plant community. Stocking rate, but not grazing strategy, changed …
Contribution Of Dairy Cow Manure To Soil Fertility And Nutrient Redistribution In Pastures, S. R. Aarons, C. R. O'Connor, M. Hall, C. J. P. Gourley
Contribution Of Dairy Cow Manure To Soil Fertility And Nutrient Redistribution In Pastures, S. R. Aarons, C. R. O'Connor, M. Hall, C. J. P. Gourley
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The effects of dairy cow manure on soil fertility were investigated at the site of the long-term phosphorus rate by stocking rate farmlet experiment at the Dairy Research Institute, Ellinbank, in Victoria. Manure increased extractable soil P (Olsen) in the 0 - 5 cm layer after 60 days to 61 mg/kg compared with values of 32 mg/kg in the control soils. Extractable soil K (Colwell) almost doubled under manure pads to 5 cm depth from 642 mg/kg in control soils to 1226 mg/kg in manure treated soils. The effects of grazing management on nutrient redistribution and pasture growth within strip-grazed …
Impact Of Increasing Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates Upon An Irrigated Tanzania Grass Pasture. 1. Dry Matter Yield, F. Queiroz-Neto, G. B. Martha Jr., M. A. Penati, M. Corsi, M. J. T. Menezes
Impact Of Increasing Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates Upon An Irrigated Tanzania Grass Pasture. 1. Dry Matter Yield, F. Queiroz-Neto, G. B. Martha Jr., M. A. Penati, M. Corsi, M. J. T. Menezes
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
An experiment was carried out with irrigated Tanzania grass (Panicum maximum, Jacq.) pasture receiving five nitrogen (N) rates of (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg N ha-¹ cut-¹) during the growing season. N application increased dry matter yield and Tanzania growth rate linearly (P < 0.05). Responses to nitrogen applications were higher in the first two cuts of the growing season than in the last two cuts. The N fertilizer conversion into herbage dry matter was also higher in the beginning of the growing season.
Short-Term Study On 13Carbon Discrimination On Irrigated Tropical Pasture, G. B. Martha Jr., M. Corsi, P. C. O. Trivelin, F. Queiroz-Neto
Short-Term Study On 13Carbon Discrimination On Irrigated Tropical Pasture, G. B. Martha Jr., M. Corsi, P. C. O. Trivelin, F. Queiroz-Neto
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A better understanding of pasture ecosystem can be obtained through the use of 13C discrimination technique. In this context, an experiment, assigned in a randomized complete block design with four replicates, was conducted to evaluate the Δ 13C (‰) discrimination, nitrogen (N) yield (kg N ha-¹), total nitrogen content (g kg dry matter (DM)-¹) and dry matter yield (kg DM ha-¹) on an irrigated Tanzania grass pasture (Panicum maximum, Jacq.) receiving increasing rates (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg N ha-¹ cut-¹) of N fertilizer during the summer. Dry matter yield, N yield and nitrogen …
Apparent Recovery Of Surface Applied Nitrogen Fertilizer By A Coastcross Pasture, A. C. Primavesi, O. Primavesi, L. A. Corrêa, H. Cantarella, A. G. Silva
Apparent Recovery Of Surface Applied Nitrogen Fertilizer By A Coastcross Pasture, A. C. Primavesi, O. Primavesi, L. A. Corrêa, H. Cantarella, A. G. Silva
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Nitrogen recoveries from five levels of urea and ammonium nitrate surface-applied on coastcross pasture, grown on a dark red latosol (Hapludox), in São Carlos, SP, Brazil, under tropical altitude climate, were estimated. Significant differences occurred within periods (P < 0.05), depending on climatic conditions. Under adequate plant growth conditions, mean N recovery from urea was about 67%, sometimes reaching 80%, of that from ammonium nitrate. Recovery of ammonium nitrate varied from 45 to 68% of applied N.
Soil Ph Correction Affecting N-Use Efficiency Of Urea By Brachiaria Brizantha Cv. Marandu Pastures, P. P. A. Oliveira, P. C. O. Trivelin, W. S. Oliveira, G. M. Teixeira, M. Corsi
Soil Ph Correction Affecting N-Use Efficiency Of Urea By Brachiaria Brizantha Cv. Marandu Pastures, P. P. A. Oliveira, P. C. O. Trivelin, W. S. Oliveira, G. M. Teixeira, M. Corsi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Nitrogen fertilization is one of the largest investment when recovering and intensifying pasture management. Urea nitrogen use efficiency was studied in Brachiaria brizantha pasture under tropical conditions where liming was applied to the soil in two dates ("early" and "late" - March and August, respectively). Lime was broadcasted and urea was either broadcasted or subsurface-band applied. "Early" applied lime caused 16,4% increase in forage dry matter yield in the rainy season. Urea-N recovered in the shoots was higher when subsurface band applied independently from time of lime application.
Evaluation Of “Feeding Intelligence” In Murrah Water Buffaloes Grazing Three Different Tropical Grasses, P. B. Alcântara
Evaluation Of “Feeding Intelligence” In Murrah Water Buffaloes Grazing Three Different Tropical Grasses, P. B. Alcântara
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Acceptability and palatability are two terms of large utilization that help to understand animal selection for feed. “Feeding intelligence” is a new theory recently introduced to replace those terms mentioned before. According to most recent research works, the feeding intelligence is acquired and remains for a long period of time in the memory of some animals. The present experiment had the purpose of showing its occurence in water buffaloes aiming, at the same time, to better understand their feeding behaviour. Three tropical grasses were tested: Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu, Panicum maximum cv Tanzania and Setaria sphacelata var. sericeae cv Kazungula. …
Foraging Strategies On Rangeland: Effects On Intake And Animal Performance, Peter O’Reagain
Foraging Strategies On Rangeland: Effects On Intake And Animal Performance, Peter O’Reagain
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Rangelands exhibit extreme spatial and temporal variability in forage quality and availability. The animals that utilise these rangelands have consequently evolved a range of foraging strategies in an attempt to cope with this variability and maintain nutrient intake. In general, animals respond to and exploit spatial variability at all scales by selecting those items or units which optimise the intake of digestible nutrients and hence animal production. Animals similarly employ a variety of strategies to cope with temporal variability on rangelands. These strategies may include adjusting foraging behaviour and/or exploiting critical resources or resource areas to buffer temporal variability in …
On The Scale Dependence Of Foraging In Terrestrial Herbivores, John M. Fryxell, C. B. D. Fortin, J. Wilmshurst
On The Scale Dependence Of Foraging In Terrestrial Herbivores, John M. Fryxell, C. B. D. Fortin, J. Wilmshurst
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Meaningful modeling of the spatial and trophic dynamics of terrestrial herbivores demands understanding of the constraints and fitness objectives that presumably underlie behavior. This is complex in terrestrial herbivores, because of scale-dependent constraints on nutrient or energy gain. Mechanistic processes of forage cropping, forage mastication, movements between feeding stations, and forage digestion each have unique constraints that apply on different time, size, and spatial scales. Moreover, competing activities are rarely taken into account. Experimental testing of foraging objectives is therefore clouded by uncertainty regarding which time scale is most relevant from the animal’s perspective, leading to confusion and misrepresentation in …
Influence Of Sward Height, Concentrate Supplementation And Season On Grazing Activity Of Beef Cows, O. J. Gekara, E. C. Prigge, W. B. Bryan, M. Schettini, E. L. Nestor
Influence Of Sward Height, Concentrate Supplementation And Season On Grazing Activity Of Beef Cows, O. J. Gekara, E. C. Prigge, W. B. Bryan, M. Schettini, E. L. Nestor
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The influence of sward height, concentrate supplementation and season on daily pattern of forage consumption of lactating beef cows grazing cool season pastures was determined. Cows (n=24; BW=535±10.8 kg) were randomly assigned to eight plots maintained at sward heights (SH) of either 4-8 cm or 8-12 cm and fed three levels of concentrate supplement: none = 0 kg/day, low = 3.12 kg/day or high = 6.24 kg/day. Cows on lower SH had greater (P < .08) forage dry matter intake and spent an additional 1.2 hours/day (P < .01) grazing compared to the higher SH. Cows on lower SH consumed 7.7 kg/day of forage dry matter and grazed 9.4 hours/day whereas those on higher SH consumed 7.1 kg/day and grazed 8.2 hours/day. Cows on lower SH grazed 0.7 hours/day (P < .06) and 0.4 hours/day (P < .08) longer at 06:00-10:00 hour and 11:00-13:00 hour, respectively, compared to the higher SH. Grazing efficiency (kg of forage consumed/hour of grazing) decreased (P < .01) as season progressed. Season influenced duration of grazing activity (P < .01). Cows grazed 0.5 hours longer (P < .01) at 06:00-10:00 hour late in summer (August) compared to spring (May) and mid summer (June/July). Cows grazed 0.3 hours longer (P < .08) at 11:00-13:00 hour during spring compared to late summer.
Safflower (Carthamus Tintorius): A Promising Forage Crop For Semi-Arid Regions, Y. Leshem, I. Bruckental, S. Y. Landau, G. Ashbell, Z. Weinberg
Safflower (Carthamus Tintorius): A Promising Forage Crop For Semi-Arid Regions, Y. Leshem, I. Bruckental, S. Y. Landau, G. Ashbell, Z. Weinberg
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The yield, quality, preservation and intake of safflower hay were determined in two successive years - 1998 and 1999. Field experiments carried out at the Bet Dagan experimental station on the coastal plain of Israel under rain-fed conditions. A spineless variety was tested under three sowing dates. Yield decreased and quality improved as the sowing date receded from November 12 to February 3. Respective yields, IVDMD and CP content were: 22 and 8 ton DM/ha, 48.9% and 65.5% , 10.0% and 14.6%. Safflower at 290, 410 and 770 g/kg DM was ensiled in 1.5-l anaerobic glass jars with or without …
Effects Of Different Levels Of Energy On Growth Of Grazing And Drylot Fed Holstein Heifers, L. P. Novaes, C. E. Polan
Effects Of Different Levels Of Energy On Growth Of Grazing And Drylot Fed Holstein Heifers, L. P. Novaes, C. E. Polan
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Growth of Holstein heifers were studied to evaluate the combination of a drylot phase followed by feeding energy for pasture supplementation during the grazing season of 1988. Heifers grazed a grass-legume mixture in six paddocks of 1.5 ha each. After drylot, animals were equally allotted to pasture and none or 2.0 kg/d of corn were fed in addition to grazing in a changeover design with repeated measurements. Heifers were fed a high (HE) or low energy (LE) diets in confinement and daily gains were 1190 (HE) and 990 g/day (LE) which were different. On pasture, corn supplementation did not enhance …
Leaf Fragment Identification Of Subtropical Native Grass Species, C. H. E. C. Poli, J. M. Rosito, A. G. Schirmer, P. R. Boggiano, P. C. De F. Carvalho
Leaf Fragment Identification Of Subtropical Native Grass Species, C. H. E. C. Poli, J. M. Rosito, A. G. Schirmer, P. R. Boggiano, P. C. De F. Carvalho
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The present study was carried out to characterise leaf fragments of important plant species of a subtropical native sward in the southernmost state of Brazil. Thirteen important grass species were collected from April to May 1999. Both sides of the leaves were observed using a stereomicroscope. In addition, two approaches were tested to provide a clearer characterisation of the leaves of each species: the leaves were either dried or frozen. The kind and number of veins, the kind and number of hair, and the arrangements and number of stomates on both sides of each leaf are the most useful characteristics …