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Articles 571 - 600 of 9503
Full-Text Articles in Agricultural Science
Preliminary Evaluation Of Legume Germ Plasm In The Cerrados Of Brazil, D Thomas, R P. De Andrade
Preliminary Evaluation Of Legume Germ Plasm In The Cerrados Of Brazil, D Thomas, R P. De Andrade
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In 1978 an evaluation program was initiated to select legumes that (1) grow and produce seed on acid soils under aluminum and water stress, (2) persist under grazing, and (3) tolerate pests and diseases. The work is being conducted at the Cerrados Agricultural Research Center, near Brasilia, at lat 15°S and altitude 1,000 to 1, 100 m . Annual rainfall is 1,500 mm, mostly distributed in a 6-month wet season, and mean annual temperature is 21°C. Nine hundred legume accessions from thirteen genera have now been established as spaced plants on the 2 major soil types of the region. The …
Genetics And Utilization Of Apomixis For The Improvement Of Guineagrass (Panicum Maximum Jacq.), Y H. Savidan
Genetics And Utilization Of Apomixis For The Improvement Of Guineagrass (Panicum Maximum Jacq.), Y H. Savidan
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Natural polymorphism in guineagrass (Panicum maximumjacq.) has been stabilized in tetraploid biotypes by apomixis. Sexual diploids were found in East African populations. Our objective was to determine whether apomixis could be related with a simple genetic background and manipulated in an improvement program. Apomicts of guineagrass are characterized by a 4-nucleate embryo sac structure, and this trait was used in genetical analyses to differentiate apomictic from sexual hybrids. Progeny tests were also conducted as controls. Ten different types of progenies were analyzed: tetraploid sexual (from colchicine treatment of diploids) x apomictic F1 hybrids; selfed and backcrossed progenies of sexual F1 …
Breeding Challenges In Apomictic Warm-Season Grasses, E C. Bashaw, P W. Voigt, B L. Burson
Breeding Challenges In Apomictic Warm-Season Grasses, E C. Bashaw, P W. Voigt, B L. Burson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Efforts to breed apomictic grasses met with little success in the past, but results of more recent research show significant progress with some species and new prospects for improving apomicts. Early research uncovered the cytological basis for apospory and diplospory, found the common apomictic mechanisms in grasses, and showed that apomixis is transmitted from pannt to offspring. Discovery of sexual or partially sexual (facultative apomicts) plants in several species formerly considered obligate apomicts allowed for hybridization and genetic studies. Results of subsequent research confirmed inheritance of apomixis, and data from the more conclusive studies indicate that method of reproduction …
Arkansas Soybean Research Studies 2024, Jeremy Ross
Arkansas Soybean Research Studies 2024, Jeremy Ross
Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series
The 2024 Arkansas Soybean Research Studies includes research reports on topics pertaining to soybean across several disciplines from breeding to post-harvest processing. Research reports contained in this publication may represent preliminary or only data from a single year or limited results; therefore, these results should not be used as a basis for long-term recommendations. Several research reports in this publication will appear in other University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture’s Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station publications. This duplication is the result of the overlap in research coverage between disciplines and our effort to inform Arkansas soybean producers of the research being …
Global Research On Palm Oil Diseases And Infections: A Bibliometric Analysis, Fahmi Achmad Saputra, Indria Puti Mustika, Anna Safarida, Catur Sriherwanto, Nicky Rahmana Putra
Global Research On Palm Oil Diseases And Infections: A Bibliometric Analysis, Fahmi Achmad Saputra, Indria Puti Mustika, Anna Safarida, Catur Sriherwanto, Nicky Rahmana Putra
Makara Journal of Technology
The sustainability of global palm oil production faces significant threats from a range of diseases and infections affecting palm oil crops. This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to map the scientific landscape and evolution of research related to palm oil diseases over the past decade. Using data from the Scopus database, 366 relevant documents were analyzed using R and VOSviewer to uncover trends in publication volume, citation impact, prolific authors, country contributions, and keyword co-occurrence networks. The findings reveal a strong research concentration on G. boninense, highlighting its critical role as a persistent pathogen in oil palm plantations. Emerging …
Impact Of Pvc Microplastics On The Growth Of Raphanus Sativus, Olivia Fawkes, Alissia D. Fulton, Darlene Panvini
Impact Of Pvc Microplastics On The Growth Of Raphanus Sativus, Olivia Fawkes, Alissia D. Fulton, Darlene Panvini
SPARK Symposium Presentations
Microplastics have emerged as a growing concern due to their increasing prevalence in terrestrial ecosystems. Understanding how microplastics affect plant growth is crucial for the agricultural industry, as crop productivity and soil quality have a direct impact on food security and farm sustainability. This study examined the impact of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microplastics on the germination and growth rate of Raphanus sativus. Seeds were grown for six weeks in a controlled growth chamber in petri plates and soil pots containing varying concentrations of PVC microplastics (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 mg/L), including untreated PVC and PVC artificially weathered through …
Integrated Management Of Diplodia Ear Rot And A Comparison Of Stenocarpella Species Affecting Corn, Luke C. Warner
Integrated Management Of Diplodia Ear Rot And A Comparison Of Stenocarpella Species Affecting Corn, Luke C. Warner
Theses and Dissertations--Plant Pathology
Corn is a globally important crop used for food, feed, and ethanol production, but often the grain quality is threatened by Diplodia ear rot, caused by Stenocarpella maydis and Stenocarpella macrospora. Effective management of Diplodia ear rot is difficult to achieve. This study evaluated the efficacy of foliar fungicides, including products listed by the Organic Material Research Institute (OMRI), against S. maydis in vitro and in field settings, as well as comparingthe aggressiveness of the two causal pathogens of Diplodia ear rot. The in vitro assays indicated a wide variation in sensitivity of S. maydis to the fungicide active ingredients, …
The Development Of Tools For The Production Of Fusarium Oxysporum Race 4 Resistant Cotton Varieties, Thomas Rylands
The Development Of Tools For The Production Of Fusarium Oxysporum Race 4 Resistant Cotton Varieties, Thomas Rylands
All Theses
Fusarium oxysporum race 4 (FOV4) is a fungal pathogen that infects cotton (Gossypium spp.) plants, resulting in fusarium wilt (FW) disease that causes significant wilting, yield loss, and eventually death. Since cotton is such an important crop globally, with tens of millions of bales of fiber produced and sold worldwide each year, it is critical to develop effective strategies to combat this pathogen. This research aims to achieve that goal through two projects: (i) develop an efficient co-culture system to test fungal treatments in vitro, and (ii) develop a computer vision pipeline to more accurately assess plant resistance …
Genetic Engineering For Pastures, W J. Peacock
Genetic Engineering For Pastures, W J. Peacock
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The first genetically engineered food products from horticultural production systems are now entering the mnrke< and field trials of genetically engineered crop species are well advanced. We cnn expect that a range of crop cultivars, in which gene
Grassland For Sustainable Ecosystems, Malcolm Hadley
Grassland For Sustainable Ecosystems, Malcolm Hadley
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Grasslnnds present many advantages for examining issues related to sustainability. Grasslands include planted pastures as well as a variety of natural rangelands in situations ranging from semi-arid to subhumid. Diversity is also reflected in the spectrum of grassland users and uses, for example, nomadic pastoralism, extensive ranches, intensive pastures, wildlife tourism, game hunting. And in terms of sustainability of resource management, grasslands encompass a wide range of contrasting situations and conflicts in resource use. Heavy grazing pressure associated with increasing human populations in certain tropical savannas, the implications of rural depopulation to traditional pasture management in alpine regions, and the …
Grasslands For Our World, F Riveros
Grasslands For Our World, F Riveros
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The present-day role of grasslands and fodder is reviewed with respect agriculture, animal production and environmental concerns. The world's grazing lands are a finite resource and, overall, arc being badly managed; in most developing countries action is required now, before it is too late. They will continue to be a major source of animal feed for the foreseeable future; encroachment from cropping will continue locally but, for much of what is now natural pasture, exploitation by the grazing animal .will remain the major means of obtaining an economic return; the task of grassland professionals is to assist the managers of …
Human Impact On Terrestrial Ecosystems - What We Know And What We Are Doing About It, H A. Mooney
Human Impact On Terrestrial Ecosystems - What We Know And What We Are Doing About It, H A. Mooney
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
At present the impact of humankind on the Earth System is substantial and will become greater as we continue to add over 80 million people to the global population each year. Collectively the human species utilises over a third of the total fresh water that is available, as well as an equivalent amount of the total terrestrial productivity. Possil energy is being consumed at a prodigious rate and fuels, among other things, over a half a billion vehicles. To support the large human population the Earth has been greatly reconfigured with much of the land utilised for grazing and agriculture. …
Science And Information For Our Grasslands, G A. Nores, R R. Vera
Science And Information For Our Grasslands, G A. Nores, R R. Vera
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
This paper favours a view of grasslands, and agricultural research in general, that extends well beyond the limits of the scientific community and promotes the active involvement of scientists in current societal debates from a scientific perspective. It is argued that in developed countries environmental concerns rather than production growth will tend to dominate future social debate. In developing countries there is a need to balance agricultural growth with responsible management of natural resources. Needs for new technology go beyond improving biophysical efficiency, and involve economic and social efficiency objectives. The relevance of grassland research is assessed in terms of …
Vegetation Dynamics In Grazed Systems: A Hierarchical Perspective, D D. Briske
Vegetation Dynamics In Grazed Systems: A Hierarchical Perspective, D D. Briske
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Grassland vegetation consists of a series of hierarchical levels including the tiller, plant, population and community which collectively influence the productivity and stability of grazed systems. These hierarchical levels may respond uniformly to influence vegetation dynamics, but frequently additional complexity is encountered by the occurrence of opposing responses between or among hierarchical levels. Consequently, it is important to consider responses at several hierarchical levels to achieve an accurate interpretation of vegetation dynamics to grazing within the community. The significance of a hierarchical perspective to vegetation management is illustrated with examples from bunchgrass dominated rangelands at the level of the individual …
Forage Conservation And Physico-Chemical Conversion, E Zimmer
Forage Conservation And Physico-Chemical Conversion, E Zimmer
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The factors on which the digestibility of organic matter (dMO) of forages depend are now well-known. In temperate forages, this digestibility depends mainly on the growth stage, the rank of the growth-cycle, and the botanical species. It is constantly decreasing with advancing age, especially during the first growth-cycle. In aftermath growth-cycles, high temperatures accelerate the decrease of digestibility with age. Tropical forages follow the same laws, but tropical grasses are less digestible than cool-season grasses, especially at young stages and in warm weather. This is partly due to the fact that high temperatures increase cell-wall contents and lignification, and also …
The Feeding Value Of Forages, C Demarquilly
The Feeding Value Of Forages, C Demarquilly
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The lower productivity of legume based swards and their instability of yield from year to year compared with nitrogen fertilised grass swards continues to be a major constraint on the integration of leguminous nitrogen fixing species into present-day farming systems. Most legume systems have a high biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) potential which is rarely attained in the· field due to limiting environmental or management factors. Enhancement of BNF through manipulation of the Rhizobium and plant components of the symbiosis must be viewed as a long-term objective. Optimisation of nitrogen fixation in the short-term may best be achieved through optimisation of …
Nitrogen Fixation, Cycling, And Utilization, P M. Murphy, M T. Sherwood
Nitrogen Fixation, Cycling, And Utilization, P M. Murphy, M T. Sherwood
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The lower productivity of legume based swards and their instability of yield from year to year compared with nitrogen fertilised grass swards continues to be a major constraint on the integration of leguminous nitrogen fixing species into present-day farming systems. Most legume systems have a high biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) potential which is rarely attained in the· field due to limiting environmental or management factors. Enhancement of BNF through manipulation of the Rhizobium and plant components of the symbiosis must be viewed as a long-term objective. Optimisation of nitrogen fixation in the short-term may best be achieved through optimisation of …
La Prairie Dans Ses Usages Multiples: Conservation Des Sols, Protection De L'Environnement, Etc., M Skouri, J Poissonet
La Prairie Dans Ses Usages Multiples: Conservation Des Sols, Protection De L'Environnement, Etc., M Skouri, J Poissonet
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Les terres :i paturage couvrent une partie importante de la planete et presentent une extreme diversite de situations en fonction des conditions ecologiques et des facteurs socio-economiques et culturels qui s'exercent sur ces espaces. Ces facteurs ont engendre des transformations du milieu nature] permettant d'intensifier, et :i ]'extreme, de contr61er la production vegetale de ces ecosystemes. Si le role premier de ces formations herbacees a ete d'alimenter Jes herbivores afin que l'homme en obtienne une production (viande, lait, peaux, etc.), Jes autres fonctions de ces espaces ont une importance que !'on ne peut se permettre de negliger, que ce soit …
Quickening Snow Melting In Early Spring With Black Powder In Snowy District, A Imai
Quickening Snow Melting In Early Spring With Black Powder In Snowy District, A Imai
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Experiments were conducted during 1977-1980 to quiken snow melting in early spring with three kinds of black powders at 450 m a.s.l.,Tsunan-machi, Niigata Prefecture. Snow melting materials involved blast furnace slag, di-amido lime and calcium silicate and their effects on snow melting were compared with each other at various application rates on snow surface in late March every year. Snow melting was earlier with 600 kg/ha di-amido lime resulting from lower albedo of 25 % and it could quicken the snow-off by 10-13 days as compared to the control plot. This early snow melting induced the higher soil temperature and …
Effect Of Fertilization In Autumn Or After Wintering On Dallisgrass Production In The Following Season, T Kobayashi
Effect Of Fertilization In Autumn Or After Wintering On Dallisgrass Production In The Following Season, T Kobayashi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
To improve dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.) pasture productivity, the effects of autumn or spring topdressing in a field experiment and autumn nitrogen (N) application levels in a pot experiment on the regrowth and carbohydrate accumulation until winter and on the early summer production were studied. Dallisgrass pasture was topdressed in either autumn (late September) or spring (early March) at 0.5 kg/a each of N, phosphate (P2O5), and potash (K20), after the final cutting in late September 1978. Plants in pots were topdressed at the rates of 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kg N/a, just after cutting in early October …
Selenium Pellets Administration In Cows Grazing Continuously On Low Selenium Grassland In Japan, J Jachja, N Ishida, R Kawashima, K Otsuki, K Otsuki, M Kawano, F Hosoyamada
Selenium Pellets Administration In Cows Grazing Continuously On Low Selenium Grassland In Japan, J Jachja, N Ishida, R Kawashima, K Otsuki, K Otsuki, M Kawano, F Hosoyamada
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The effectof selenium (Se) supplementation in cows upon the growth of their newborn calves under the conditions of continuous grazing in a low Se pasture were studied. The selenium status of calves which were born from selenium treated cows were higher than that in calves from untreated control cows during the suckling period. Selenium supplementation to the dams showed no significant response upon the body measurement for their calves at birth or four months of age, but significant improvement in body weight and withers height at the weaning period. When cows grazed continuously in pastures containing a selenium content of …
Plant Introduction, Seed Production And Fodder Promotion In An Integrated Livestock And Pasture Development Programme In Kerala, India, A Shamsudeen, T V. Joseph, F Von Sury
Plant Introduction, Seed Production And Fodder Promotion In An Integrated Livestock And Pasture Development Programme In Kerala, India, A Shamsudeen, T V. Joseph, F Von Sury
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
An integrated pasture development programme for the state of Kerala, in the 1500-3500 mm rainfall area of southern India, is described. Kerala's agriculture is characterized by small holdings and intensive multicrop farming systems with coconut and rice as main crops. Dairy cattle rearing is an important subsidiary for many farmers. A plant introduction programme selected Panicum maximum ( cvs. Makueni and Riversdale), Brachiaria ruziziensis and Centrosema pubescens for intercropping in coconut gardens. Desmodium intortum and D. uncinatum were introduced for the grasslands of the high ranges. B. ruziziensis, Melinis minutiflora, Setaria anceps ( cvs. Kazungula and N arok), Stylosanthes guianensis …
Development Of Legume-Based Pastures For Livestock Production In Yunnan, Peoples Republic Of China- Preliminary Studies With Trifolium Semiplosum Cv. Safari And Temperate Legume Cultivars, M J. Mathison, M/S T. Wang, Z Y. Yang, M H. Dunning, Y N. Al, Z Z. Ma, H X. Al, L W. Peng, H Yang, D C. Zhang, C G. Zhang, G R. Yang
Development Of Legume-Based Pastures For Livestock Production In Yunnan, Peoples Republic Of China- Preliminary Studies With Trifolium Semiplosum Cv. Safari And Temperate Legume Cultivars, M J. Mathison, M/S T. Wang, Z Y. Yang, M H. Dunning, Y N. Al, Z Z. Ma, H X. Al, L W. Peng, H Yang, D C. Zhang, C G. Zhang, G R. Yang
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Aiming to improve livestock production from extensive grassland areas in Yunnan Province south west China, forage cultivar evaluation experiments are in progress as part of the China-Australia Technical Co-operation Programme. Preliminary results are given from introduced temperate legumes sown in 1983 in replicated swards in cultivated and uncultivated grassland. South west monsoon climates sampled range from alpine-temperate to tropical. In alpine sites red clover and annual species e.g. vetches, persian and subterranean clovers were among top dry matter yielders in the first year on cultivated land, Annual clovers failed or were outyielded by white, red clovers and, in one locality, …
Development Of Legume- Based Pastures For Livestock Production In Yannan, Peoples Republic Of China - Preliminary Studies With Tropical Legume Cultivars, M J. Mathison, M.S T. Wang, Z Y. Yang, Y N. Ai, Z Z. Ma, H X. Al, L W. Peng, G R. Yang
Development Of Legume- Based Pastures For Livestock Production In Yannan, Peoples Republic Of China - Preliminary Studies With Tropical Legume Cultivars, M J. Mathison, M.S T. Wang, Z Y. Yang, Y N. Ai, Z Z. Ma, H X. Al, L W. Peng, G R. Yang
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
As part of the Australia -China technical cooperation programme investigations to raise livestock production with improved pastures began in 1983 in Yunnan province, south west China. Preliminary results with ungrazedintroduced tropical legume cultivars sown in cultivated and uncultivated grassland are given for 2000-2500m altitude subtropical sites and a 500m alt. tropical site. Only Jotononis, silverleaf and greenleaf desmodiums were productive in the second year at subtropical sites. At the tropical site annual lab lab produced most dry matter in the first year. Most perennial species grew well there in the second year. The best cul ti vars for cultivated land …
Fodder Development In The Dry Zone Of Sri Lanka - A Pasture Scheme For Small Farms, P Berger, L R. Abeykoon, L Winkler
Fodder Development In The Dry Zone Of Sri Lanka - A Pasture Scheme For Small Farms, P Berger, L R. Abeykoon, L Winkler
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A pasture development scheme to improve fodder production by small farmers was introduces by the Sri Lanka - Swiss Livestock Development Project (SSLDP) in the easten dry zone of Sri Lanka. The procedure of the scheme is described. Emphasis was put on proper land selection, establishment procedures and management factors of pasture plots. To promote the scheme a subsidy is given to the farmers after inspections by the extension staff. The first experiences showed a better survival of the plots under a closer follow up. A marked decrease was observed during extreme climatical periods. It is proposed to intensify the …
Range Improvement In Tropical China: Gaopoling Model Cattle Farm, D L. Michalk, J F. Ayres, Fu Nanping, Zhu Chin-Min
Range Improvement In Tropical China: Gaopoling Model Cattle Farm, D L. Michalk, J F. Ayres, Fu Nanping, Zhu Chin-Min
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
New policies seek to increase beef output on China's rangeland by sowing legume-based pastures. "Model farms" provide a means of quickly transferring this technology to China. Gaopoling Model Cattle Farm was set up to improve beef production in dry tropical Hainan Island by introducing new legume species and better husbandry practices. With finance from Guangdong Province and technology from Australia, a program emphasising pasture research, performance recording of "improved" versus "traditional" cattle husbandry and commercial farm developmant was commenced in 1981. Though experimentation, recommendations for species combinations, fertilizer inputs and sowing methods were formulated for the major local soil types. …
Preliminary Fertilizer Requirements For Establishing Legume Based Pastures In The Alpine Zoone Of Yunnan, Jinjing Wang, J R. Bruce-Smith, Jixin Li, Mingliang Wang
Preliminary Fertilizer Requirements For Establishing Legume Based Pastures In The Alpine Zoone Of Yunnan, Jinjing Wang, J R. Bruce-Smith, Jixin Li, Mingliang Wang
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Preliminary results of field trials designed to assess the soil fertility status for establishing improved legume based pastures in the alpine zone of Yunnan Province are presented. These trials were undertaken by a joint Chinese-Australian Project which is investigating ways to improve the livestock industry of the Province. The best treatments at one site in the North East yielded about 9000kg of total (grass + legume + weeds) pasture and 7000kg of this was attributable to clover production. At another site in the North West on the Southern Tibetan Plateau summer waterlogging confined the pasture yield to 4000kg DM. Tentative …
Preliminary Studies Of Fertilizer Requirements Of Tropical Legumes In Southern Yunnans Red River Valley, Jinjing Wang, J R. Bruce-Smith, Mingliang Wang, Jixin Li
Preliminary Studies Of Fertilizer Requirements Of Tropical Legumes In Southern Yunnans Red River Valley, Jinjing Wang, J R. Bruce-Smith, Mingliang Wang, Jixin Li
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
As part of a joint Chinese-Australian Project to promote livestock development, a farm site in the lower Chinese section of Red River Valley was chosen as an area to study techniques suited to meeting these objectives through establishing and utilizing legume based tropical pastures. Preliminary results of fertilizer trials at Daliuhu Farm show that sulphur deficiency is the main nutrient problem retarding the growth of siratro and stylo legumes. The application of as little as 5, but optimally between 10 and 20kg of sulphur as gypsum Sor elemental S seems to adequately meet their growth requirements. The apparent adequate phosphate …
Studies On The Mountain Pastures Classification And Class Evaluation Of Guichou, China, Huang Weilian
Studies On The Mountain Pastures Classification And Class Evaluation Of Guichou, China, Huang Weilian
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The pastures of the mountain range in Guichou are a secondary succession type, which has been shaped since the forest was destroyed. They were formed by forest regressive succession; from forest to bushwood, and with further degeneration from bushes to pastures. Therefore, in the author's opinion, it is appropriate to use the secondary succession series method of geobotany to classify the mountain range pastures in southern China. This method can objectively describe the origin and developing stages of this range type, the features of the vegetation succession series in subtropical areas, and express their economic value and utilization, which form …
The Grass Hillsides Of Jiangxi Province, Fan Xie, Suehen Wang
The Grass Hillsides Of Jiangxi Province, Fan Xie, Suehen Wang
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
For researching into vegetation on grass slopes, their types, characteristics, yield and prospect of application in livestock husbandry, a sampling investigation on the semi-location spot has been carried out. Jiangxi province is situated in Southeast China, belonging to the monsoon region in Southeast Asia. According to the principles of ecological condition and dominant species, the grass hillsides can be classified into 7 herbosa groups: Ischaemum ciliare grass-land on hilly land, Arundinella setosa grass-land on hilly land, Dicranopteris dichotoma grass-land on hilly land of low hills, Miscanthus sinensis grass-land on hilly land of mid-low hills, M. floridulus grass-land on hilly land …