Comparing Effectiveness Of Motivational Signage For Promoting Physical Activity Between Two Difference Story Buildings, Junyoung Hong

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Download PDF

Aspirin And Low-Molecular Weight Heparin Combination Therapy Effectively Prevents Recurrent Miscarriage In Hyperhomocysteinemic Women., Pratip Chakraborty, Sayani Banerjee, Piyali Saha, Shyam Sundar Nandi, Sunita Sharma, Sourendra K. Goswami, Baidyanath Chakravarty, Syed N. Kabir

Journal Articles: Cellular & Integrative Physiology

The management of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) still remains a great challenge, and women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) are at a greater risk for spontaneous abortion. Treatment with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) has become an accepted treatment option for women with RPL; however, the subgroup of women, who are likely to respond to LMWH, has not been precisely identified. The present study evaluated the efficacy of LMWH with reference to PCOS and associated metabolic phenotypes including hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), insulin resistance (IR) and obesity. This prospective observational study was conducted at Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Kolkata, India. A total of 967 …

Validation Of Omron™ Pedometers Using Mti Accelerometers For Use With Children, Bradley P. Peters, Kate A. Heelan Phd, Bryce M. Abbey

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 6(2) : 106-113, 2013. The MTI accelerometer is highly regarded as a reliable means to measure physical activity in children (Trost et. al., 1998); however, it is not always a practical instrument to use. Pedometers offer an alternative method of activity measurement and are often more practical. PURPOSE: To validate Omron™ pedometer (steps/day) against MTI accelerometer (counts /day and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) min/day) for children. METHODS: 190 children (88 males, 102 females, 8.7±2.1 yrs, 76.9±27.5 BMI %tile) wore an MTI accelerometer and Omron™ pedometer attached to the same belt for 3.9±2.2 days. …

Fatty Acid Fate In Determining Oxidation And Inflammation In Adipose Tissue, Emilio Patrick Mottillo

Wayne State University Dissertations

Adipose tissue (AT) is a critical regulator of energy balance through its ability to store or oxidize free fatty acids (FFAs). White adipose tissue (WAT) functions as an anabolic organ to sequester and release FAs, in contrast brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a catabolic organ that oxidizes FAs. However, a comprehensive understanding of the role that FFAs play in the function of WAT and BAT is needed. Here we demonstrate that intracellular FAs enhance the expression of inflammatory cytokines by β3-AR activation in adipocytes, in which the expression of PAI-1 is partly mediated by the de novo synthesis of ceramides/sphingolipids. …

Linking Environmental Toxicant Exposure To Diabetes Susceptibility, Jannifer Beth Tyrrell

Wayne State University Dissertations

An important and unresolved question in the environmental health field is whether exposure to common environmental toxicants, such as dioxin and heavy metals like Pb, increase the risk of developing diabetes, especially in combination with other common metabolic stressors such as obesity.

Previous studies suggested that dioxin exposure increased peripheral insulin resistance but did not appear to cause fasting hyperglycemia or elevated hepatic glucose output. In concordance with those findings we observed that dioxin treatment caused a strong suppression of the expression of the key hepatic gluconeogenic genes PEPCK and G6Pase. However, this suppression was not solely mediated by the …

Gender Difference In Obesity And Preventive Health Behaviors In A Us-Mexico Border Hispanic Cohort, Jing Wang, Belinda M. Reininger, Stanley Cron, Deidra Carroll, Susan P. Fisher-Hoch

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: Overweight and obesity is a prevalent chronic disorder in Mexican Americans, however, obesity-related behaviors and the role of gender remain unclear. This study examined gender difference in obesity-related health behaviors among Mexican Americans. Methods: A sample (n=1439) was drawn from the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort, a prospective cohort sample of Mexican American adults aged 18 years and older living in a large and poor city along the Texas / Mexico border. The participants’ baseline demographic, behavioral, and clinical measures were used for this analysis. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were conducted to analyze the data. Results: The sample had …

Neighborhood Walkability And Physical Activity: Results From The Health Is Power (Hip) Study, Nathan Parker

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: Health Is Power (NIH 1R01CA109403) was a longitudinal, multi-site intervention aimed to increase physical activity (PA) among community dwelling, healthy African American and Hispanic or Latina women. This study investigated the relationship between neighborhood walking environments and PA maintenance from T1 (baseline) through T2 (end of intervention) and to T3 (6-month follow-up post-intervention). Method: Women (N=410, M age=45.2 years, SD=9.4, 62.7% African American) completed interviewer-administered questionnaires assessing demographics at T1 and the International PA Questionnaire (IPAQ) to assess physical activity at T1, T2 and T3. Walkability characteristics for all street segments within 800m of participants’ homes …

Altered Irinotecan Pharmacokinetics In Diet-Induced Obesity, Pranav Shah, Adarsh Gandhi, Romi Ghose

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Title: Altered Irinotecan Pharmacokinetics in Diet-Induced Obesity

Authors: Pranav Shah*, Adarsh Gandhi and Romi Ghose

Affiliation: University of Houston, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Houston, TX - 77030

Purpose: Irinotecan (CPT-11) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor that has been shown to be highly effective in treatment of colon, stomach, pancreas, and non-small cell lung cancers. It has recently been shown that CPT-11 administration is associated with liver toxicity and this effect is compounded by baseline obesity. It was found that patients with a BMI index of >25 were twice as much susceptible to developing liver toxicity than patients with …

Addressing Obesity Prevention And Control In The Workplace, Mary D. Hill

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Texas Obesity Research Center

Addressing Obesity Prevention and Control in the Workplace

Hill MD, Lankford T

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, Georgia

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Over one-third of adults in the United States (U.S.), over 72 million people, are obese. There are health and economic costs associated with obesity. In 2008, obesity-related medical costs were estimated to be as high as $147 billion. Method: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend policy and environmental change strategies that address obesity in multiple settings: healthcare, schools, child care, worksites, and community. In 2011, about 111.5 million U.S. adults were full-time …

Negative Body Image Is Related To Overeating Among Overweight Pregnant Women, Tracey Ledoux, Najmus Saher, Mcclain Sampson, Martina R. Gallagher, Pamela D. Berens

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Background: Overeating and pre-pregnancy obesity increase risks for complications during pregnancy. According to Social Cognitive Theory, individual and environmental factors influence health behaviors. Purpose: This study’s purpose was to determine whether social norms (environmental factor) and body image (individual factor) regarding pregnancy weight control were related to overeating behaviors among overweight/obese (OW/Ob) pregnant women.

Methods: Baseline data from an ongoing prospective study to identify predictors of excess gestational weight gain were used in this study. Pregnant women are being recruited from an obstetric clinic to complete a questionnaire, and research assistants are obtaining gestational weight gain data from …

Correlates Of Military Sexual Trauma, Mental Health, And Obesity Among Women Veterans, Deleene S. Menefee, Wendy S. Leopoulos, Sarah M. Torres, Rebecca Wagner

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: Obesity is a growing concern for Veterans Affairs (VA) providers of women Veterans as recent evidence suggests that females more than males have a higher prevalence of obesity. Further, women Veterans present to VA with rates of military sexual trauma that exceed prevalence rates in the civilian population. Research findings support the tenet that disorder eating, and adverse health outcomes are consequences of sexual trauma. However, the mental health correlates of MST and obesity have not been well established. One recent study of returning combat Veterans found that obesity is a significant concern. This purpose of the current …

Leptin And Its Association With Obesity Among Mexican Adolescents, Jesus M. Araujo-Contreras, Elias H. Avila-Rodriguez, Armando Avila-Rodriguez, Efren Rivas-Avila, Nelda Mier, Abelardo Camacho-Luis, Nohe Vargas-Chavez

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: To investigate the association between leptin concentrations and nutritional status among a Mexican adolescent population. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 448 adolescents attending five schools in Durango, Mexico. Serum leptin concentrations were measured by ELISA. Other measurements included height, weight, and waist and hip circumference. Body fat of participants was assessed with bio-electrical impedance using a body composition analyzer InBody-720. Sociodemographic information was also collected. Results: Based on IOTF BMI cut-off points, 34.1% of adolescents were overweight and obese and prevalence rates were higher among females (37.1%) than males (29.5%). In agreement with waist circumference, 22.5% of participants …

Angiotensin At2r Activation Increases Ace2/Ang1-7/Masr Axis And Prevents Fatty-Diet-Induced Obesity, Sourashish Nag, Quaisar Ali, Yonnie Wu, Tahir Hussain

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: Adipose tissue, the obligatory site of fat accumulation causing obesity, expresses local renin angiotensin system (RAS). RAS is commonly known to regulate blood pressure. However recently, we observed that angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R) activation prevents high-fat diet (HFD)-induced adiposity and hyperinsulinemia. Although, the mechanism(s) is(are) not known. There is evidence that other RAS components namely, the angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) positively regulates while the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which catalyzes the production of Mas receptor (MasR) peptide agonist Ang (1-7), inversely regulates adiposity and hyperinsulinemia. In light of the RAS inter-regulatory features, we hypothesize that AT2R …

Lifestyle Factors And Ovarian Cancer Outcomes, Imani Butler, Raheem Paxton Phd, Maria Berglund Ms, Mike Hernandez Ms, Lovell A. Jones Bs, Ma, Phd

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: Few studies have reported on the lifestyle characteristics of ovarian cancer survivors. The objectives of this study were to characterize the associations between physical activity (PA) and body size (BS) with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and ovarian cancer recurrence in a sample of regional and distal stage ovarian cancer survivors.

Methods: Epithelial ovarian cancer survivors in their first clinical remission, with no evidence of recurrent disease were identified from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center tumor registry. A total of 51 survivors consented to participate in a battery of self-reported questionnaires. Trained staff collected data on …

Race & Gender Disparities In The Embedding And Accumulation Of Childhood Poverty On Young Adult Bmi, Daphne C. Hernandez, Emily Pressler

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: A disproportionate number of race/ethnic minorities are both impoverished and overweight compared to white populations. Experiencing poverty during childhood is positively correlated with being obese in adulthood, especially for females. However, it is unclear whether it is the embedding of childhood poverty (i.e. timing of childhood poverty in relation to children’s stage of development) or the accumulation (i.e. duration) of the exposure to childhood poverty which contributes to the race and gender disparities in young adult body mass index (BMI). Method: Data from the 1979 National Longitudinal Study of Youth and the Children and Young Adult file were used …

Evaluation Of Comadres De Salud-A Culturally Sensitive Obesity Prevention Intervention For Latinas, Martina R. Gallagher

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Title: EVALUATION OF COMADRES DE SALUD-A CULTURALLY SENSITIVE OBESITY PREVENTION INTERVENTION FOR LATINAS

Authors: Martina R. Gallagher, PhD, MSN1, RN, Tracey Ledoux, PhD, RD2,

McClain Sampson, PhD3

Affiliations: 1School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 2Texas Obesity Research Center, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, 3College of Social Work, University of Houston

Purpose: The aim was to conduct a formative assessment of a community-based obesity prevention intervention, “Comadres de Salud” (Kin Sisters in Health). Based on the Social Cognitive Theory, Comadres de Salud is a multicomponent intervention aimed at improving diet and physical …

Solving The Obesity Epidemic In African American And Hispanic Communities: Voices From The Community, Scherezade K. Mama, Erica G. Soltero, Tracey A. Ledoux, Rebecca E. Lee

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: Science & Community: Ending Obesity Improving Health (Science & Community) aimed at reducing obesity in Houston by developing partnerships and collaborating with community organizations to identify community research priorities and develop an obesity reduction program. Method: Partnership members were recruited from Science & Community events and invited to participate in in-depth interviews to gain insight on obesity prevalence, causes, and solutions. Partnership and community members (N=22) completed a 60-90 minute in-depth interview with a trained Science & Community team member. The interview guide consisted of 30 questions about pressing health problems in the community, potential solutions to …

Biomechanical Effects Of Obesity On Balance, Hannah Del Porto, Celia Pechak, Darla Smith, Rebecca Reed-Jones

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 5(4) : 301-320, 2012. The objective of this review was to analyze the current literature related to the effects of obesity on balance. These effects were observed during conditions of static balance, perturbed balance and dynamic balance during gait. The literature review included studies focused on the biomechanical effects of obesity, the relationship between weight loss and balance, and the relative efficacy of weight loss as a balance intervention. The older adult population, which faces increased risk of falls and related injuries, was highlighted where targeted research was available. The existing literature provides evidence for …

Green Tea Extract Protects Against Fibrogenesis Associated With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease In Diet-Induced Obese Rats, Allyson M. Bower

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

Development And Comparison Of Two Field-Based Body Fat Prediction Equations: Nhanes 1999-2004, Michael Zanovec, Jing Wang, Carol E. O'Neil

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 5(3) : 223-231, 2012. Clinical guidelines define obesity in terms of excess body weight adjusted for height (i.e., bodymass index [BMI] categories) and/or gender-specific waist circumference (WC) cut-point values. Since body composition, particularly fat mass, is the most variable among individuals due to differences by gender, age, and race, and total percent body fat (%BF) can be estimated accurately using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), the purpose of this study was to develop and compare two field-based body fat prediction equations suitable for a nationally representative sample of the US adult population. Data were analyzed from …

Influence Of Fitness And Adiposity On Melanocortin-1 And Melanocortin-3 Receptors On Monocytes., Matthew Unthank, Jonathan Woodson, Jason Butler, Gregory Bratton, James Barbee, Michael Chumley, Dennis Cheek, Joel Mitchell, Melody Phillips

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: While it is known that exercise improves health by reducing systemic inflammation, potential mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of fitness and adiposity on the anti-inflammatory melanocortin system as a potential mechanism by which exercise reduces inflammation. Methods: Forty-one men and women (35-55yr), who were free from cardiovascular disease, inflammatory disorders, and not taking medications that affect inflammation, were recruited. Participants were questioned about exercise habits and medical history; then completed testing for body composition and aerobic fitness (VO₂max). Subjects were classified as lean/fit (LF, n=14), overweight/fit (OF, …

C-Reactive Protein And The Disease Analog Model May Identify Predisposed Pre-Obese African-American Women, James W. Navalta, Scott Lyons, Sharon E. Whitlock, Demetrice D. Kirkwood, Scott W. Arnett, Mark A. Schafer

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

While the obesity rate in the Unites States has been reported to have hit a plateau, the overall percentage of obese Americans remains alarmingly high (27% self-reported, 33% population estimate). While the subgroup with the highest 2010 obesity rate is Black, non-Hispanic women (41.9%), there remains a disparity in the research with regards to this population group. The implication of an elevated obese population puts a strain on health care, overall quality of life, and is associated with a number of other co-morbidities. Given this background, pilot work to evaluate a disease analog model for obesity would be useful with …

Childhood Overweight Is Associated With Increased Monocyte Concentration And Altered Subset Distribution, Whitney L. Breslin, Craig A. Johnston, Kelley Strohacker, Katie C. Carpenter, Tiffany Davidson, Jennette Palic, Brian K. Mcfarlin, John P. Foreyt

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Childhood obesity rates have nearly tripled in the last 30 years. Obesity increases risk for chronic disease. While monocytes, cells of the innate immune system that are altered with obesity, are purported to play an integral role in the development of these chronic diseases, no research has focused on early phenotypic changes in monocytes of overweight children. Two monocytes subsets exist, classic and pro-inflammatory; alterations in number and distribution may be implicated in disease development in obesity. The purpose of this study was to examine the concentration and relative distribution of monocytes among “normal weight” (N=66) and “at risk for …

The Absence Of Abcd2 Reveals A Novel Role For Peroxisomes In The Protection From Metabolic Syndrome, Jingjing Liu

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

ABCD2 (D2) is a peroxisomal ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter that is expressed in brain, adrenal and liver. D2 is transcriptionally regulated by key transcriptional factors that control lipid and glucose metabolism. Therefore, we examined its role in adipose tissue. These studies revealed that D2 is highly abundant in adipose tissue and upregulated during adipogenesis. However, D2 deficiency does not affect either adipogenesis or lipid accumulation. An examination of the lipid profile of adipose tissue revealed the accumulation of C20 and C22 fatty acids in D2 deficient (D2‐/‐) mice. When challenged with a diet enriched in erucic acid (C22:1, 10% …

Introducing “Symbolic Weightism”: Discourses Of Agency And Morality In Obesity Stigma, Meredith B. Stockton

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Title: INTRODUCING “SYMBOLIC WEIGHTISM”: DISCOURSES OF AGENCY AND MORALITY IN OBESITY STIGMA

Author: Meredith B. Stockton, MS

Affiliations: Institute of Social Psychology, London School of Economics and Political Science

Purpose: With the increasing obesity rates in the United States and the United Kingdom, the number of weight-based discrimination cases continues to rise. This study compares obesity stigma to racial stigma, a link first proposed by Crandall (1994), to frame weight-based discrimination as an equally legitimate and severe form of prejudice. Method: Using a social psychological perspective, a thematic and critical discourse analysis was conducted on 170 YouTube video comments and …

Community Based Nutritition Education: A Model For Raising Awareness Of Childhood Obesity, Selina M. Ahmed

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Background: Since 2003, Texas Southern University has coordinated conferences to educate Houston’s Third Ward community about strategies to combat childhood obesity. Presenters included faculty and students as speakers and activity coordinators. Participants indicated that these conferences are helpful in increasing awareness of health problems and the availability of community health resources. Purpose: To address the high rate of childhood obesity in Houston’s Third Ward and its costs in terms of health and long-term productivity on that community, faculty at Texas Southern University (TSU) coordinated annual conferences to educate community members about strategies to combat childhood obesity. Methods: Seven conferences intended …

Know Your Audience: Designing A Nutrition Education Game For Middle School Kids, Vinod Srinivasan, Lars Doucet, Christine Shimek, Cynthia A. Warren, Carol J. Spaulding, Kimberly Paulhill, Catherine J. Mcneal, John David Coppin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: In recent years video games have emerged as potential tools to tackle obesity. Games that use motion-sensing controllers and interfaces are often used to promote physical activity. Games are also used to impart education about diet, nutrition and health. Our goal in this project is to address childhood obesity through the design, development and implementation of a video game to teach nutrition concepts to middle-school-aged children.

Method: Our target audience is middle-school students in a low-income neighborhood in Dallas. To guide us in the game design, we collected data about students’ gaming preferences through surveys, focus groups and student …

Relationship Between Dyslipidemia And Obesity In Children, Elias Humberto Avila-Rodriguez, Armando Avila-Rodriguez, Jesús Maria Araujo-Contreras, Abelardo Camacho-Luis, Alfredo Tellez-Valencia, Nelda Mier, Luis Joel Rodríguez-Ortega, Efren Rivas-Avila

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: Dyslipidemia is a general term that refers to abnormal levels of lipids. The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship among the nutritional state and the percentage of body fat with the levels of lipids in 10 to 13 year old children living in the city of Durango, Mexico. Method: The study was carried out with 823 elementary school children. The selection was done at random. The biochemical studies were done in a subpopulation of 425 children. Each child underwent the following studies: sociodemographic, anthropometric and corporal composition. After fasting overnight, a venous blood sample was obtained. …

Exploring Obesity Among Wheelchair Users: Bmi Vs Body Compostion, Katherine Froehlich-Grobe

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Author(s): Katherine Froehlich-Grobe, PhD1 & Richard A. Washburn, PhD2 Affiliations: 1 University of Texas School of Public Health, Dallas Regional Campus, 2 Center for Physical Activity and Weight Management, University of Kansas Purpose: Body mass index (BMI) is commonly used to indicate weight status but has been critiqued for being insensitive to body composition. Americans with disabilities have significantly higher obesity rates than those without when BMI has been used as the indicator of weight status. Examining obesity prevalence based on body composition among this group is warranted. As the life expectancy of those with disabilities has increased to approximate …

An Assessment Of Us College Food Environments: From Food Service To College Students, Lesli Biediger-Friedman, Debra Reed

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: As obesity continues to increase among adolescents and young adults in the U.S. and these populations enter college, Institutions of Higher Learning (IHLs) are facing a changing set of student health issues. With these students comes an increased responsibility to address the nutritional environment of the campus. College health educators and food service programs are on the forefront of this issue and can provide important insights into the challenges and opportunities of providing and promoting healthy food options on IHLs. Method: Initially, a series of focus groups, primarily comprised of college health educators, were conducted. Topics included the discussion …