Physiology Commons^™

The Effects Of Submaximal And Maximal Exercise On Heart Rate Variability, Cory P. Poehling

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(2): 9-14, 2019. The purpose of this study was to examine heart rate variability (HRV) at rest, and during submaximal (100 bpm) and maximal exercise in collegiate distance runners. We predicted there would be less HRV during exercise. Eight collegiate runners (19-22 yrs) were recruited for participation. The participants were equipped with a standard Lead II EKG to record HRV at rest. The participants then performed an incremental VO_2max test while running on a treadmill. EKG was recorded throughout the exercise test and HRV was later calculated during the submaximal and maximal exercise. To …

Passion For Exercise: Passion's Relationship To General Fitness Indicators And Exercise Addiction, Alexander Bureau, Lindsey C. Blom, Jocelyn E. Bolin, Paul R. Nagelkirk

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(5): 122-135, 2019. Research into the Dualistic Model of Passion (DMP) has suggested that a harmonious passion for an activity is related to more positive outcomes (e.g., higher well-being and satisfaction with life), and an obsessive passion for an activity is related to negative and less adaptive outcomes (e.g., lower self-esteem and burnout; 37, 40, 43). The current study demonstrated differences between passion types (i.e., harmonious passion, obsessive passion, no passion) in terms of physical fitness, risk of exercise addiction, frequency of exercise, and perceptions of exercise. Sixty-one college students from a large, Midwestern university …

Profiling The Occupational Tasks And Physical Conditioning Of Specialist Police, Shane Irving, Robin (Rob) Marc Orr, Rodney Pope

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(3): 173-186, 2019. Specialist police are required to perform high risk and dangerous tasks that are physically demanding. The aims of this study were to establish the natures and contexts of tasks performed by specialist police officers and to explore the physical fitness regimes they undertake to maintain their operational fitness for these tasks. A survey approach was employed and members of operational units of the Australian and New Zealand Police Tactical Groups (PTG) participated in the survey. A total of nine (100%) PTG units cooperated, with 132 respondents (31% of the PTG operational members) …

Impact Of Positive And Negative Motivation And Music On Jump Shot Efficiency Among Naia Division I College Basketball Players, Ali Boolani, Jeremy Lackman, Timothy Baghurst, John L. Larue, Matthew Lee Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(5): 100-110, 2019.The objective of this study was to determine whether music, positive feedback, and/or negative feedback impacted jump shooting performance in NAIA Division I male and female basketball players. Using a cross-over design, participants (N=20) took 50 shots from 15 feet and 50 shots from the 3-point line under four conditions (silence, music, positive feedback, negative feedback). The number of shots made were recorded and a one-way ANOVA was used to determine differences between gender. Repeated measures ANOVAs were used to determine differences between conditions in shooting performance and to identify differences in …

The Effect Of Cuff Width For Determining Limb Occlusion Pressure: A Comparison Of Blood Flow Restriction Devices, Alyssa Weatherholt, William R. Vanwye, Jackie Lohmann, Johnny Owens

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(3): 136-143, 2019. The purpose of this study was to compare the standing lower extremity limb occlusion pressure (LOP) between two units. It was hypothesized that the Delfi unit, which utilizes a wider cuff (11.5 cm), would require significantly less LOP as compared to the KAASTU unit, which utilizes a narrow cuff (5 cm). Twenty-nine healthy participants (22 men, 7 women) mean age 24 years old (± 1.7 SD) volunteered. The procedure was identical for each cuff, completed with 5 minutes of rest in between. The cuff was placed on the proximal left thigh in …

Comparing The Changes In Blood Pressure After Acute Exposure To Tai Chi And Walking., Stephen A. Maris, Vincent J. Paolone, Christa Winter, Samuel Headley

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(3): 77-87, 2019. Hypertension is a major health concern throughout the United States and is a major cause of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to compare the responses of Tai Chi and walking on measures of central and peripheral cardiac mechanisms when controlling for exercise intensity. Fifteen hypertensive subjects (2 males, 13 females; age = 20.7 ± 3.77 years; body fat = 24.26 ± 10.27%) participated in Tai Chi (TC) and walking (WK) for 30 minutes on non-consecutive days. Central systolic (CSBP) and diastolic blood pressure (CDBP), augmentation index (Alx), pulse pressure …

The Effects Of Ankle Braces On Lower Extremity Electromyography And Performance During Vertical Jumping: A Pilot Study, Zachariah J. Henderson Mr., Paolo Sanzo, Carlos Zerpa, Derek Kivi

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(1): 15-23, 2019. Ankle braces have been hypothesized to prevent ankle injuries by restricting range of motion (ROM) and improving proprioception at the ankle. As such, ankle braces are commonly worn by physically active individuals to prevent ankle injuries. Despite their widespread use, the effects that ankle braces have on athletic performance measures, such as vertical jumping, remains unclear. Furthermore, although ankle braces are known to restrict normal ROM at the ankle, little is known about the effects that ankle braces have on the lower extremity proximal to the ankle, specifically muscular activation. Therefore, the …

Functional Movement Analysis Before And After Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization, Alejandro J. Gamboa, Derik R. Craft, Jose A. Matos, Tania S. Flink, Rebecca L. Mokris

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(3): 46-56, 2019. This study examined the effects of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) on ankle range of motion in college athletes. Twenty-five Division II college athletes (18-24 yrs) were randomly selected into two groups: experimental group (n = 11) and control group (n = 14). Baseline measurements for both groups included an initial squat assessment, which measured ankle dorsiflexion during the movement, followed by IASTM with ankle rehabilitation exercises, and a secondary squat assessment. During the following week, the experimental group participated in an additional IASTM with rehabilitation session and squat test, …

Factors Affecting Phd Student Success, Sonia N. Young, William R. Vanwye, Mark A. Schafer, Troy A. Robertson, Ashley Vincent Poore

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(1): 34-45, 2019. Attrition rates for Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) programs in the United States across the fields of engineering, life sciences, social sciences, mathematics and physical sciences, and humanities range from 36 – 51%. A qualitative literature review indicates certain factors may impact the PhD student’s success in completing the program and degree. The factors focused on in this review include the student-advisor relationship, mentorship, and the dissertation process. Although kinesiology doctoral programs are evaluated and ranked by the National Academy of Kinesiology, little information is available exploring kinesiology PhD student success. General information …

Chronic Ankle Instability Leads To Lower Extremity Kinematic Changes During Landing Tasks: A Systematic Review, Aaron Theisen, James Day

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(1): 24-33, 2019. Ankle and knee injuries are two of the most common injuries. It has been shown that ankle sprains can lead to chronic ankle instability thereby affecting the function of the ankle. Since the lower extremity is a kinetic chain anything that affects the ankle is thought to affect the knee and hip as well. Changes in lower extremity function associated with chronic ankle instability may predispose patients for non-contact ACL injuries. The purpose of this study was to provide a systematic review of the research done on chronic ankle instability (CAI) and …

Ethical Issues Relating To Scientific Discovery In Exercise Science, James W. Navalta, Whitley J. Stone, Scott Lyons

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(1): 1-8, 2019. This work aims to present concepts related to ethical issues in conducting and reporting scientific research in a clear and straightforward manner. Considerations around research design including authorship, sound research practices, non-discrimination in subject recruitment, objectivity, respect for intellectual property, and financial interests are detailed. Further, concepts relating to the conducting of research including the competency of the researcher, conflicts of interest, accurately representing data, and ethical practices in human and animal research are presented. Attention pertaining to the dissemination of research including plagiarism, duplicate submission, redundant publication, and figure manipulation is …

The Energy Expenditure Of Tinikling: A Culturally Relevant Filipino Dance, Daniel P. Heil, Alona Angosta, Wei Zhu, Rhigel Tan

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(4): 111-121, 2019. Filipino Americans have higher risks for developing cardiovascular disease than many other U.S. minority groups and Caucasians. As a precursor to developing a culturally-relevant physical activity (PA) intervention targeting high-risk Filipino Americans, this study sought to evaluate the energy cost and intensity of Tinikling, or bamboo dance, a popular type of Philippine folk dance. These energy cost values were directly compared to the moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) cut-points commonly used to define the PA guidelines. Twenty-two pairs of Filipino American adults performed five minutes of continuous Tinikling dance to a three-count rhythm and …

Value Of Wellness Ratings And Countermovement Jumping Velocity To Monitor Performance, Michael T. Brasch, Kevin L. Neeld, Kristen F. Konkol, Robert W. Pettitt

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(4): 88-99, 2019.This study examined the relationship between subjective ratings of overall wellness and neuromuscular performance throughout a 6-week intensive offseason strength and conditioning program. Thirty experienced NCAA Division II baseball players completed all phases of the program. A comprehensive wellness rating and 5 countermovement jumps (CMJ5) were measured and averaged for 4 phases of training. Pre- and post-testing measures of strength and speed also were evaluated. Internal consistency of the wellness rating for each phase ranged α = 0.77-0.92, and CMJ5 velocities had decent consistency (ICC_α= 0.88, TE = 0.19 m·s …

Reliability Of The Polar T31 Uncoded Heart Rate Monitor In Free Motion And Treadmill Activities, Jeffrey Montes, James W. Navalta

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(4): 69-76, 2019. The Polar T31 uncoded heart rate monitor (T31) is currently accepted as a precision measurement device that can be used in lieu of electrocardiography. However, minimal literature exists to verify reliability when used for this purpose. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the reliability of heart rate (HR) measurements obtained from the T31. Forty volunteers participated in a three-day test-retest protocol. Participants gave anthropometric data on the first day. On the second day, they performed two 5-minute self-paced free motion walks (FMW) and two 5-minute self-paced free motion jogs (FMJ). …

Enhancing Cognitive Engagement Of Pre-Clinical Undergraduate Medical Students Via Video Cases And Interactive Quizzes In Problem-Based Learning, Syeda Sadia Fatima, Kulsoom Ghias, Kauser Jabeen, Saniya Sabzwari

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Background: Problem-based learning (PBL) is one of the main pedagogical approaches utilized in the undergraduate medical education (UGME) program at a private medical college in Karachi, Pakistan. Video-enhanced cases and formative assessments were introduced at the end of PBL sessions to evaluate their effectiveness in enhancing student engagement.
Methods: A mixed methods study was conducted with Year 2 medical students (n=102; divided into 11 groups) and faculty (n=11) facilitating the PBL process. Of the 10 PBL cases, five were converted to video-enhanced cases and five were kept as paper-based, “traditional” cases. “Micro” videos were used to introduce clinical scenarios, augmented …

Activation Of Adenosine A2a But Not A2b Receptors Is Involved In Uridine Adenosine Tetraphosphate-Induced Porcine Coronary Smooth Muscle Relaxation, Changyan Sun, Tong Jiao, Daphne Merkus, Dirk J. Duncker, S. Jamal Mustafa, Zhichao Zhou

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Activation of both adenosine A2A and A2B receptors (A2BR) contributes to coronary vasodilation. We previously demonstrated that uridine adenosine tetraphosphate (Up4A) is a novel vasodilator in the porcine coronary microcirculation, acting mainly on A2AR in smooth muscle cells (SMC). We further investigated whether activation of A2BR is involved in Up4A-mediated coronary SMC relaxation. Both A2AR and A2BR may stimulate H2O2 production leading to activation of KATP channels in SMCs, we also studied the involvement of H2O2 and KATP channels in Up4A-mediated effect. Coronary small arteries dissected from the apex of porcine hearts were mounted on wire myograph for Up4A concentration …

Machine-Learning To Stratify Diabetic Patients Using Novel Cardiac Biomarkers And Integrative Genomics, Quincy A. Hathaway, Skyler M. Roth, Mark V. Pinti, Daniel C. Sprando, Amina Kunovac, Andrya J. Durr, Chris C. Cook, Garret K. Fink, Tristen B. Cheuvront, Jasmine H. Grossman, Ghadah A. Aljahli, Andrew D. Taylor, Andrew P. Giromini, Jessica L. Allen, John M. Hollander

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that impacts an increasing percentage of people each year. Among its comorbidities, diabetics are two to four times more likely to develop cardiovascular diseases. While HbA1c remains the primary diagnostic for diabetics, its ability to predict long-term, health outcomes across diverse demographics, ethnic groups, and at a personalized level are limited. The purpose of this study was to provide a model for precision medicine through the implementation of machine-learning algorithms using multiple cardiac biomarkers as a means for predicting diabetes mellitus development. Methods: Right atrial appendages from 50 patients, 30 non-diabetic and 20 …

Redox Biology In Physiology And Disease, Matthew C. Zimmerman, Adam J. Case

Journal Articles: Cellular & Integrative Physiology

No abstract provided.

Redox-Sensitive Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Iiα In Angiotensin Ii Intra-Neuronal Signaling And Hypertension, Urmi Basu, Adam J. Case, Jinxu Liu, Jun Tian, Yulong Li, Matthew C. Zimmerman

Journal Articles: Cellular & Integrative Physiology

Dysregulation of brain angiotensin II (AngII) signaling results in modulation of neuronal ion channel activity, an increase in neuronal firing, enhanced sympathoexcitation, and subsequently elevated blood pressure. Studies over the past two decades have shown that these AngII responses are mediated, in part, by reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the redox-sensitive target(s) that are directly acted upon by these ROS to execute the AngII pathophysiological responses in neurons remain unclear. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is an AngII-activated intra-neuronal signaling protein, which has been suggested to be redox sensitive as overexpressing the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase attenuates AngII-induced activation of …

Acute Exercise And Mindfulness Meditation On Learning And Memory: Randomized Controlled Intervention, Malina Austin, Paul D. Loprinzi

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2019 The Author(s). Background: The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the potential combined effects of acute exercise and mindfulness mediation on episodic memory. Methods: All data collection occurred in the authors’ laboratory (January to May of 2019). In this three-arm, within-subject design, participants (N=20; Mage=21.6 years) completed three counterbalanced laboratory visits, including Exercise Only, Exercise + Meditation and Control. Learning and memory were assessed from a word-list task. A one-factor repeated-measures ANOVA was computed for two memory outcomes, including the learning outcome (average performance across the 6 trials) and the long-term memory recall (10-minute delay). Results: The …

Central Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Signaling Via Brainstem Catecholamine Neurons Counteracts Hypertension In Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats, Kenichi Katsurada, Masanori Nakata, Toshinobu Saito, Boyang Zhang, Yuko Maejima, Shyam Sundar Nandi, Neeru M. Sharma, Kaushik K. Patel, Kazuomi Kario, Toshihiko Yada

Journal Articles: Cellular & Integrative Physiology

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists, widely used to treat type 2 diabetes, reduce blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive patients. Whether this action involves central mechanisms is unknown. We here report that repeated lateral ventricular (LV) injection of GLP-1R agonist, liraglutide, once daily for 15 days counteracted the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In parallel, it suppressed urinary norepinephrine excretion, and induced c-Fos expressions in the area postrema (AP) and nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) of brainstem including the NTS neurons immunoreactive to dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH). Acute administration of liraglutide into fourth ventricle, the area with easy access to …

Data Collection Curated With An Application Ontology Describes The Methods And Results Upon Performing An Ex-Vivo Voltage-Clamp Assay On Outer Hair Cells Of The Mammalian Cochlea, Brenda Farrell, Jason Bengtson

Research Data

This data collection describes the electrical properties of outer hair cells isolated from the mammalian cochlea of the domestic guinea pig. This data was obtained by performing whole-cell patch clamp voltage clamp assay on cells and monitoring the electrical admittance during a DC voltage ramp. The membrane capacitance was then calculated at each membrane potential from this admittance, and the voltage-independent and voltage-dependent membrane capacitance was determined upon further analysis. In some case the DC conductance was also measured by interrogation of the cell with voltage-step function which was calculated from the change in the mean steady-state current with respect …

Food For Thought, Beenish M. Chaudhry

School of Computing and Informatics

Healthy eating is essential to avoid many health problems, but identifying health-promoting foods and behaviors is difficult for most individuals. Fooducate is a diet tracking app that comes with a variety of tools, features and support mechanisms that claim to simplify the task of eating healthy. Based on our analysis of the user reviews, we identified five benefits that Fooducate users have reported experiencing in relation to achieving good health: improved food choices, increased awareness, weight loss personalized care and “ever-present” human support. Fooducate can align itself more closely with users’ goal of achieving healthy lifestyle by expanding its database, …

Effect Of Administration Of Somatostatin Analogue On Blood Pressure In Chronic Intermittent Hypoxic Rats, Kajal Kamra

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

The cardiorespiratory system in our bodies does not adapt to Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia (CIH) and consequently syndromes such as sleep apnea lead to pathophysiological conditions like Hypertension. It has been demonstrated that the peripheral chemoreceptors underpin the development of these conditions and at present, there are no selective drug therapies for this form of hypertension. However, evidence suggests that peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity to CO2 & hypoxia is reduced by Somatostatin (SST) in humans. Our preliminary in-vitro studies have demonstrated that SST will blunt the response of the carotid body to hypoxia and decrease the baseline activity of the carotid body. …

The Manifestations Of Fatigue In Amateur Boxing Performance, Emily C. Dunn

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

A subjective method of judgment, the “Ten Point Must-System” (TPMS), was introduced into amateur boxing in 2013. To be successful, boxers must deliver forceful punches and exert dominance over an opponent. There has been limited research examining the strategies used by boxers to win fights under the TPMS and whether these strategies induce fatigue that is sufficient to significantly affect punch force. The overall objective of the five studies contained in this thesis was to describe, in relation to fatigue, the performance characteristics of male amateur boxers under the TPMS, and improve our understanding of the physical characteristics associated with …

Menstrual Cycle And The Vascular Properties Of Remote Preconditioning, Shelby Rachel

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

PURPOSE: A promising therapeutic intervention to counteract endothelial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is ischemic preconditioning (IPC). Limited data from ovariectomized animal models shows that estrogen deficiency abolishes the cardioprotective effects of IPC, whereas estrogen replacement restores protection. This suggests that alterations in female sex hormones, particularly estrogens, that occur naturally during the menstrual cycle is likely to influence the vascular protective properties of IPC. The aim of the present study was to identify how changes in female sex hormones that occur naturally during the menstrual cycle interfere with IPC to provide vascular endothelial protection in women. METHODS: Nine healthy premenopausal eumenorrheic …

Autonomic And Redox Imbalance Correlates With T-Lymphocyte Inflammation In A Model Of Chronic Social Defeat Stress, Cassandra M. Moshfegh, Safwan K. Elkhatib, Christopher W. Collins, Allison J. Kohl, Adam J. Case

Journal Articles: Cellular & Integrative Physiology

Patients diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are at a significantly elevated risk of developing comorbid inflammatory conditions, but the mechanisms underlying this predilection remain unclear. Our previous work has shown that T-lymphocytes exposed to elevated levels of norepinephrine (NE) displayed a pro-inflammatory signature reminiscent of an autoreactive phenotype. With this, we hypothesized that the increased sympathetic tone observed during psychological trauma may be promoting pro-inflammatory T-lymphocytes, which causes a predisposition to comorbid inflammatory conditions. Here, we examined the consequences of psychological trauma on splenic T-lymphocytes using a mouse model of repeated social defeat stress. Social defeat led to anxiety-like …

Molecular Machinery For The ‘Kiss And Run’ Mechanism Of Insulin Secretion, Akshata Ramesh Naik

Wayne State University Dissertations

The insulin secreting porosome is a supramolecular lipo-protein complex that

measures roughly 100 – 120 nm in diameter. Porosomes allow transient fusion of insulin

secretory granules to the cell plasma membrane and mediates partial release of secretory

contents. Post secretion, the secretory granule reseals and re-enters to the cell interior.

This is in contrast to the ‘total fusion’ phenomenon, where secretory vesicles completely

fuse at the cell plasma membrane and release all of the contents to the cell exterior. This

study involved a deeper understanding of the transient or ‘kiss-and-run’ mechanism of

cell secretion that involves the insulin secreting porosome …

Adolescent Binge Alcohol Exposure Effects On Heart Structure And Function, Lizhuo Ai

Master's Theses

More than 5 million underage Americans report binge drinking at least once per month. While the effects of alcohol consumption on the adult heart have been well studied, the impact to the adolescent heart is almost entirely unknown. Adolescents primarily consume alcohol in a binge pattern, which elevates blood alcohol content (BAC) to 0.08 g/dL within 2 hours. During adolescence the body grows rapidly, and the heart must also grow by cellular hypertrophy to meet this increasing demand. Our goal was to determine the impact of adolescent binge alcohol exposure on the heart, using an outbred rat model. This thesis …

Anthocynanins, Lily Lincoln, Maxkenzie Taticek

Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations

This slide presentation for the Natural Sciences Poster Session at Parkland College summarizes anthoxyanins, flavonoid water soluble pigments in plants like blueberries and other blue and purple plants -- their chemical composition, role in plants, and benefits as antioxidants.