Physiology Commons^™

Nutrient Intake Of Elite Canadian And American Athletes With Spinal Cord Injury, Heather R. Gerrish, Elizabeth Broad, Melissa Lacroix, Dana Ogan, Robert C. Pritchett, Kelly Pritchett

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(7): 1018-1028, 2017. The nutrient needs of athletes with Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) are dependent on their physiological alterations and training status. Limited research is available regarding dietary intake of elite athletes with SCI and possible nutrient deficiencies. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine dietary intake of elite athletes with SCI, and determine dietary intake inadequacies based on the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) comparisons. Additionally, the average energy and macronutrient (carbohydrate, protein, and fat) intake was compared based on level of injury (C level, T1-T6, T7-T12, Lumbar). A total of 39 athletes …

College Student Work Habits Are Related To Physical Activity And Fitness, Jesse Calestine, Melissa Bopp, Christopher M. Bopp, Zack Papalia

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(7): 1009-1017, 2017. Despite the known benefits of regular physical activity, research shows a significant decline in physical activity participation and an increase in sedentary behavior during young adulthood during the college years. Studies examining the relationship between academic outcomes and fitness/physical activity have not extensively examined this among college students. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between fitness measures (cardiovascular endurance, muscular endurance, flexibility and body composition), physical activity, and academic outcomes in college students. This cross-sectional study had college students complete a one-time fitness assessment and survey examining …

A Pre-Exercise Dose Of Muscle Sentry® Has No Effect On Performing Repeated Leg Press Sets To Failure, Trezlyn M. Bartschi, David C. Sanders, Tyler M. Farney, Joke Kokkonen, Arnold G. Nelson

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(7): 1000-1008, 2017. This study compared the number of bilateral leg presses done at 150% of body mass while on either Muscle Sentry^® (MS) or placebo (PL). Participants (16 women, 14 men, college students 19-26 years) performed 2 sets of leg press to failure using 150% of their body mass with 5 min rest separating the 2 sets. Each exercise was performed twice (1x MS, 1x PL) at the same time of day with 48 h separating each exercise. Both MS and PL were ingested 30 min prior to performing the exercise. Just prior …

The Effect Of A Single Bout Of Surfing On Exercise Induced Affect, Ryan Pittsinger, Jeff Kress, Jill Crussemeyer

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(7): 989-999, 2017. Exercise-induced affect (EIA) has been well documented and is often composed of positive affect, negative affect, tranquility, and fatigue. Research on EIA has focused on mainstream sports such as running, walking, or cycling; however, no research has evaluated the influence of action sports participation in activities such surfing on EIA. The current study examined the effect of a single 30-min surfing bout on EIA in 107 adult volunteers. An additional purpose was if change in affect was similar based on surfing history, surfing frequency, and surfing skill level. To assess EIA, each …

Validity Of Arm-To-Arm Bia Devices Compared To Dxa For Estimating %Fat In College Men And Women, Rebecca A. Rockamann, Emily K. Dalton, Jana L. Arabas, Liz Jorn, Jerry L. Mayhew

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(7): 977-988, 2017. Bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) devices are commonly used to estimate percent body fat (%fat), although validation of their accuracy varies widely. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of four commonly used BIA devices compared to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). College-aged men (n = 29, age = 19.7 ± 1.2 y, weight = 76.9 ± 12.5 kg) and women (n = 31, age = 20.5 ± 0.8 y, weight = 61.5 ± 9.2 kg) were evaluated for %fat using four single-frequency (50 mHz) BIA devices and DXA. A gender …

Effects Of The Boy Scouts Of America Personal Fitness Merit Badge On Cardio-Metabolic Risk, Health Related Fitness And Physical Activity In Adolescents Boys, Justin Maxwell, Ryan D. Burns, Timothy A. Brusseau

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(7): 964-976, 2017. A growing number of adolescents are more sedentary and have fewer formal opportunities to participate in physical activity. With the mounting evidence that sedentary time has a negative impact on cardio-metabolic profiles, health related fitness and physical activity, there is a pressing need to find an affordable adolescent physical activity intervention. One possible intervention that has been overlooked in the past is Boy Scouts of America. There are nearly 900,000 adolescent boys who participate in Boy Scouts in the United States. The purpose of this research study was to evaluate the effect …

Effects Of Flexibility And Balance On Driving Distance And Club Head Speed In Collegiate Golfers, Kelsey J. Marshall

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(7): 954-963, 2017. Good balance, flexibility, and strength are all required to maintain a steady stance during the kinematic chain to produce successful golf shots. When the body can produce more power, more club head speed is generated. This formation of power translates into greater distance and accuracy. Athletes today are seeking exercise programs to enhance these qualities of their golf swing. The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlations between flexibility and balance with club head speed and driving distance in the golf swing of male and female collegiate golfers. Five male …

Speed- And Circuit-Based High-Intensity Interval Training On Recovery Oxygen Consumption, Lindsay N. Schleppenbach, Andreas B. Ezer, Sarah A. Gronemus, Katelyn R. Widenski, Saori Braun, Jeffery Janot

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(7): 942-953, 2017. Due to the current obesity epidemic in the United States, there is growing interest in efficient, effective ways to increase energy expenditure and weight loss. Research has shown that high-intensity exercise elicits a higher Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC) throughout the day compared to steady-state exercise. Currently, there is no single research study that examines the differences in Recovery Oxygen Consumption (ROC) resulting from high-intensity interval training (HIIT) modalities. The purpose of this study is to review the impact of circuit training (CT) and speed interval training (SIT), on ROC in both …

Students’ Perceptions Of An Applied Research Experience In An Undergraduate Exercise Science Course, Regis C. Pearson, K. Jason Crandall, Kathryn Dispennette, Jill M. Maples

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(7): 926-941, 2017. Applied research experiences can provide numerous benefits to undergraduate students, however few studies have assessed the perceptions of Exercise Science (EXS) students to an applied research experience. The purpose of this study was two-fold: 1) to describe the rationale and implementation of an applied research experience into an EXS curriculum and 2) to evaluate EXS undergraduate students’ perceptions of an applied research experience. An EXS measurement course was chosen for implementation of an applied research experience. The applied research experience required groups of students to design, implement, and evaluate a student-led research …

Functional Neuroplasticity In The Nucleus Tractus Solitarius And Increased Risk Of Sudden Death In Mice With Acquired Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, Isabel D. Derera, Brian P. Delisle, Bret N. Smith

Physiology Faculty Publications

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the leading cause of death in individuals with refractory acquired epilepsy. Cardiorespiratory failure is the most likely cause in most cases, and central autonomic dysfunction has been implicated as a contributing factor to SUDEP. Neurons of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) in the brainstem vagal complex receive and integrate vagally mediated information regarding cardiorespiratory and other autonomic functions, and GABAergic inhibitory NTS neurons play an essential role in modulating autonomic output. We assessed the activity of GABAergic NTS neurons as a function of epilepsy development in the pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) model of …

Deletion Of The Nr4a Nuclear Receptor Nor1 In Hematopoietic Stem Cells Reduces Inflammation But Not Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation, Hua Qing, Karrie L. Jones, Elizabeth B. Heywood, Hong Lu, Alan Daugherty, Dennis Bruemmer

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: The NR4A3 orphan nuclear hormone receptor, NOR1, functions as a constitutively active transcription factor to regulate inflammation, proliferation, and cell survival during pathological vascular remodeling. Inflammatory processes represent key mechanisms leading to abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation. However, a role of NOR1 in AAA formation has not been investigated previously.

Methods: Inflammatory gene expression was analyzed in bone marrow-derived macrophages isolated from NOR1-deficient mice. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (LDLr^−/−) mice were irradiated and reconstituted with hematopoietic stem cells obtained from NOR1−/− or wild-type littermate mice. Animals were infused with angiotensin II and fed a diet enriched in saturated …

Maximum Strength, Rate Of Force Development, Jump Height, And Peak Power Alterations In Weightlifters Across Five Months Of Training, W. Guy Hornsby, Jeremy A. Gentles, Christopher J. Macdonald, Satoshi Mizuguchi, Michael W. Ramsey, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

The purpose of this monitoring study was to investigate how alterations in training affect changes in force-related characteristics and weightlifting performance. Subjects: Seven competitive weightlifters participated in the study. Methods: The weightlifters performed a block style periodized plan across 20 weeks. Force plate data from the isometric mid-thigh pull and static jumps with 0 kg, 11 kg, and 20 kg were collected near the end of each training block (weeks 1, 6, 10, 13, 17, and 20). Weightlifting performance was measured at weeks 0, 7, 11, and 20. Results: Very strong correlations were noted between weightlifting performances and isometric rate …

No Difference In Myosin Kinetics And Spatial Distribution Of The Lever Arm In The Left And Right Ventricles Of Human Hearts, Divya Duggal, S. Requena, Janhavi Nagwekar, Sangram Raut, Ryan Rich, Hriday Das, Vipul Patel, Ignacy Gryczynski, Rafal Fudala, Zygmunt Gryczynski, Cheavar Blair, Kenneth S. Campbell, Julian Borejdo

Physiology Faculty Publications

The systemic circulation offers larger resistance to the blood flow than the pulmonary system. Consequently, the left ventricle (LV) must pump blood with more force than the right ventricle (RV). The question arises whether the stronger pumping action of the LV is due to a more efficient action of left ventricular myosin, or whether it is due to the morphological differences between ventricles. Such a question cannot be answered by studying the entire ventricles or myocytes because any observed differences would be wiped out by averaging the information obtained from trillions of myosin molecules present in a ventricle or myocyte. …

Heads And Tails, Julie Simons

Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research

No abstract provided.

Decreased Triple Network Connectivity In Patients With Recent Onset Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder After A Single Prolonged Trauma Exposure, Yang Liu, Liang Li, Baojuan Li, Na Feng, Lihong Li, Xi Zhang, Hongbing Lu, Hong Yin

Publications and Research

The triple network model provides a common framework for understanding affective and neurocognitive dysfunctions across multiple disorders, including central executive network (CEN), default mode network (DMN), and salience network (SN). Considering the effect of traumatic experience on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), this study aims to explore the alteration of triple network connectivity in a specific PTSD induced by a single prolonged trauma exposure. With an arterial spin labeling sequence, three networks were first identified using independent component analysis among 10 PTSD patients and 10 healthy survivors, who experienced the same coal mining flood disaster. Then, the triple network connectivity was …

What’S Food Got To Do With It?: The Host Mother’S Role In The Cultural Education Of Students Studying Abroad In The Rabat Medina, Isabel Bonhomme

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The dynamic between studentsstudying abroad and the host families with whom they stay is significant to both the study abroad experience and the way people in receiving countries view those fromthe West. Through my research, my goal was to explore and reachafundamental comprehension of this global dynamic from the Moroccan perspective.Specifically, the purpose of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of the process of cultural exchange and absorption which occurs through the use of food. I draw conclusions from information attained through formal interviews of mothers who host American students studying abroad in Rabat, and supplement this with …

Direct Antioxidant Properties Of Methotrexate: Inhibition Of Malondialdehyde-Acetaldehyde-Protein Adduct Formation And Superoxide Scavenging., Matthew C. Zimmerman, Dahn L. Clemens, Michael J. Duryee, Cleofes Sarmiento, Andrew Chiou, Carlos D. Hunter, Jun Tian, Lynell W. Klassen, James R. O'Dell, Geoffrey M. Thiele, Ted R. Mikuls, Daniel R. Anderson

Journal Articles: Cellular & Integrative Physiology

Methotrexate (MTX) is an immunosuppressant commonly used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Recent observations have shown that patients treated with MTX also exhibit a reduced risk for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although MTX reduces systemic inflammation and tissue damage, the mechanisms by which MTX exerts these beneficial effects are not entirely known. We have previously demonstrated that protein adducts formed by the interaction of malondialdehyde (MDA) and acetaldehyde (AA), known as MAA-protein adducts, are present in diseased tissues of individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or CVD. In previously reported studies, MAA-adducts were shown to be highly immunogenic, …

Associative Learning Contributes To The Increased Water Intake Observed After Daily Injections Of Angiotensin Ii, Maggie Postolache, Jessica Santollo, Derek Daniels

Biology Faculty Publications

Daily injections of angiotensin II (AngII) cause a progressive increase of water intake that resembles a classically ascribed non-associative sensitization. Consistent with the presumption that the observed increase in intake was sensitization, we hypothesized that it resulted from a pharmacological interaction between AngII and its receptor. To test this hypothesis, and remove the influence of drinking itself, we implemented a delay in water access after injection of AngII (icv) on four consecutive ‘induction days,’ and then measured intake on the next day (‘test day’) when rats were allowed to drink immediately after AngII. The delay in water access effectively reduced …

Psychosocial Functioning And The Cortisol Awakening Response: Meta-Analysis, P-Curve Analysis, And Evaluation Of The Evidential Value In Existing Studies, Ian Andres Boggero, Camelia E. Hostinar, Eric A. Haak, Michael L. M. Murphy, Suzanne C. Segerstrom

Psychology Faculty Publications

Cortisol levels rise immediately after awakening and peak approximately 30-45 minutes thereafter. Psychosocial functioning influences this cortisol awakening response (CAR), but there is considerable heterogeneity in the literature. The current study used p-curve and metaanalysis on 709 findings from 212 studies to test the evidential value and estimate effect sizes of four sets of findings: those associating worse psychosocial functioning with higher or lower cortisol increase relative to the waking period (CARi) and to the output of the waking period (AUCw). All four sets of findings demonstrated evidential value. Psychosocial predictors explained 1%-3.6% of variance in CARi and AUCw …

Adipose Tissue As A Site Of Toxin Accumulation, Erin Jackson, Robin C. Shoemaker, Nika Larian, Lisa A. Cassis

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

We examine the role of adipose tissue, typically considered an energy storage site, as a potential site of toxicant accumulation. Although the production of most persistent organic pollutants (POPs) was banned years ago, these toxicants persist in the environment due to their resistance to biodegradation and widespread distribution in various environmental forms (e.g., vapor, sediment, and water). As a result, human exposure to these toxicants is inevitable. Largely due to their lipophilicity, POPs bioaccumulate in adipose tissue, resulting in greater body burdens of these environmental toxicants with obesity. POPs of major concern include polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins and furans …

Effects Of Winter And Summer Thermal Variability Regimes On Growth And Metabolism In Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis), Spenser Chicoine

All NMU Master's Theses

Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) is a cold-water species with a narrow range of thermal tolerance. Climate change projections show that in addition to increases in average temperatures worldwide, daily thermal variability is increasing. Such conditions could prove challenging for brook trout and other ectotherms that are adapted to small temperature ranges. This research investigates how the growth and metabolic capacities of brook trout respond to long-term exposure to thermal variation. Groups of fish were reared under three thermal regimes: constant baily temperature, a 4°C daily range, and an 8°C daily range in a controlled lab setting. This was …

Nutrients, Infectious And Inflammatory Diseases, Helieh S. Oz

Physiology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

There’S More Than One Way To Climb A Tree: Limb Length And Microhabitat Use In Lizards With Toe Pads, Travis J. Hagey, Scott Hart, Matthew Vickers, Luke J. Harmon, Lin Schwarzkopf

Biology

Ecomorphology links microhabitat and morphology. By comparing ecomorphological associations across clades, we can investigate the extent to which evolution can produce similar solutions in response to similar challenges. While Anolis lizards represent a well-studied example of repeated convergent evolution, very few studies have investigated the ecomorphology of geckos. Similar to anoles, gekkonid lizards have independently evolved adhesive toe pads and many species are scansorial. We quantified gecko and anole limb length and microhabitat use, finding that geckos tend to have shorter limbs than anoles. Combining these measurements with microhabitat observations of geckos in Queensland, Australia, we observed geckos using similar …

Physiological Ecology Of Four Endemic Alabama Species And The Exotic Asiatic Weatherfish, Misgurnus Anguillicaudatus (Cantor, 1842), Lindsay M. White, Mark E. Meade, Benjamin A. Staton

Southeastern Fishes Council Proceedings

The occurrence of Asiatic Weatherfish, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, in Alabama, a state known for its rich biodiversity, has generated concern among conservation managers. The current study used respirometry techniques to investigate the effects of increasing temperature on four native southeastern fishes (one cyprinid, two percids, and one elassomid) and the non-native M. anguillicaudatus. A minimum of five individuals of each species were used, and three experimental temperatures were chosen to represent spring and summer averages of northeast Alabama streams (15, 20, and 25°C). Overall, mean standard metabolic rates (SMRs) for M. anguillicaudatus were low (97.01, 127.75, and 158.50 mg …

Prevention Of Renal Apob Retention Is Protective Against Diabetic Nephropathy: Role Of Tgf-Β Inhibition, Patricia G. Wilson, Joel C. Thompson, Meghan S. Yoder, Richard Charnigo, Lisa R. Tannock

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Animal studies demonstrate that hyperlipidemia and renal lipid accumulation contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). We previously demonstrated that renal lipoproteins colocalize with biglycan, a renal proteoglycan. The purpose of this study was to determine whether prevention of renal lipid (apoB) accumulation attenuates DN. Biglycan-deficient and biglycan wild-type Ldlr^−/− mice were made diabetic via streptozotocin and fed a high cholesterol diet. As biglycan deficiency is associated with elevated transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), in some experiments mice were injected with either the TGF-β-neutralizing antibody, 1D11, or with 13C4, an irrelevant control antibody. Biglycan deficiency had no significant effect …

The Relationship Between Athletic Identity And Academic Major Chosen By Student-Athletes, Sayvon Jl Foster, Matt R. Huml

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(6): 915-925, 2017. This study examines the correlation between athletic identity and academic major selection among intercollegiate student-athletes. A thorough review of literature focusing on academic clustering, athletic identity, and academic development leads to the development of two hypotheses – 1) student-athletes with stronger athletic identity will have a declared major of decreased academic rigor; and 2) student-athletes with stronger athletic identity will be more likely to be undecided on their major. Data were collected through a survey administered to Division I, II, and III student-athletes recording academic major and their Athletic Identity Measurement Scale …

Corporate Social Responsibility: Considerations For Sport Management In The Age Of Neoliberalism, Anthony J. Weems, Justin R. Garner, Kristi Oshiro, John N. Singer

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(6): 900-914, 2017. For financial reasons, in efforts to maintain legitimacy, and in response to social pressures, sport organizations increasingly engage with corporate social responsibility (CSR). However, with the rise of global neoliberalism, the logic of CSR can be problematic. In this essay, we provide a brief overview, critique, and reconstruction of CSR in the sport industry. Specifically, we call into question three popularized forms of CSR: (1) diversity, inclusion, and diversity management, (2) environmental responsibility, and (3) health and physical activity-based initiatives. In a neoliberal context, CSR in sport provides, at best, a limited …

From Crisis To De-Escalation: An Examination Of Politics In A U.S. High School Steroid Testing Program, Brennan K. Berg, Kathryn Winsley, Rhema D. Fuller, Michael Hutchinson

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(6): 890-899, 2017. Preventing the use of performance enhancing drugs in sport has long been a concern for policymakers. In the United States, amidst national attention the state of Texas constructed the country’s largest steroid testing program for high school athletes. However, resource allocation steadily declined until the program was defunded in 2015. Using escalation of commitment theory as a framework, this conceptual paper examines the critical, but less studied, role of politics and de-escalation behavior that directed this distinct sport situation. By combining policy and media documents with the academic literature, this paper allows …

Coaches’ Perception Of Organizational Socialization Process Of International Student-Athletes And The Effect Of Cultural Distance: An Exploratory Study., Evelyn S. Jara-Pazmino, Bob Heere, Tom H. Regan, Christine E. Blake, Richard Southall

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(6): 875-889, 2017. This study focuses on the coaches’ perspective of the organizational socialization process of new international student-athletes. After analyzing the information of 10 in-depth interviews with experienced NCAA Division I coaches, this exploratory study aided the researchers to identify socialization tactics being used to successfully integrate international student-athletes entering USA college teams. ISAs come from different cultures, and pending on their home nation culture they might be challenged in their ability to socialize within their new surroundings. Results indicate that the cultural distance between team culture and ISA’s culture affects the effectiveness of …

Cultural Values And Gender Equity On National Olympic Committee Boards, Na Young Ahn, George B. Cunningham

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(6): 857-874, 2017. Women are under-represented in leadership positions throughout sport, and researchers have largely explored organizational, group, and individual antecedents of this phenomenon. The purpose of the current study was to expand on this understanding by investigating the influence of a country’s cultural values on the representation of women on National Olympic Committees. Drawing from Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory, the authors included five cultural values: power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism-collectivism, masculinity-femininity, and long-term orientation. Results indicate that women constituted only 19.7 percent of the positions on the boards. Regression analysis, controlling for size of …