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Full-Text Articles in Physiology
Skeletal Muscle Lipid Metabolism And Markers Of Insulin Resistance In Young Male Low Birth Weight Offspring In Combination With A Postnatal Western Diet, Kristyn Pamela Dunlop
Skeletal Muscle Lipid Metabolism And Markers Of Insulin Resistance In Young Male Low Birth Weight Offspring In Combination With A Postnatal Western Diet, Kristyn Pamela Dunlop
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Low birth weight offspring are at increased risk for developing metabolic syndrome in later life, specifically its precursor, insulin resistance (IR). Reduced mitochondrial lipid metabolism is implicated in IR pathogenesis, promoting accumulation of acylcarnitines, and potentiating alterations in phosphorylation status of insulin signaling intermediates. While high-energy Western diets are classically implicated in IR progression, the in utero environment was recently highlighted as a major programming mechanism of later life IR. Using a guinea pig model of placental insufficiency, we investigated how an adverse in utero environment impacts later life mitochondrial lipid metabolism and IR progression, as well as its interaction …
Cigarette Smoke Increases Cardiomyocyte Ceramide Accumulation And Inhibits Mitochondrial Respiration, Trevor Stanley Tippetts
Cigarette Smoke Increases Cardiomyocyte Ceramide Accumulation And Inhibits Mitochondrial Respiration, Trevor Stanley Tippetts
Theses and Dissertations
Cigarette smoking is a common and lethal worldwide habit, with considerable mortality stemming from its deleterious effects on heart function. While current theories posit altered blood lipids and fibrinogen metabolism as likely mediators, none have explored the role of the sphingolipid ceramide in exacerbating heart function with smoke exposure. Ceramide production is a consequence of cigarette smoke in the lung, and considering ceramide's harmful effects on mitochondrial function, we sought to elucidate the role of ceramide in mediating smoke-induced altered heart mitochondrial respiration. Lung cells were exposed to cigarette smoke extract and heart cells were exposed to the lung-cell conditioned …
The Role Of Receptors For Advanced Glycation End-Products (Rage) And Ceramide In Cardiovascular Disease, Michael Bruce Nelson
The Role Of Receptors For Advanced Glycation End-Products (Rage) And Ceramide In Cardiovascular Disease, Michael Bruce Nelson
Theses and Dissertations
Type 2 diabetes and cigarette smoke exposure are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular complications. The role of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) is already well-established in numerous comorbidities including cardiomyopathy. Given the role of AGEs and their receptor, RAGE, in activating inflammatory pathways, we sought to determine whether ceramides could be a mediator of RAGE-induced altered heart mitochondrial function. Using an in vitro model, we treated H9C2 cardiomyocytes with carboxy-methyl lysine-BSA, followed by mitochondrial respiration assessment. We found that mitochondrial respiration was significantly impaired in AGE-treated cells, but not when co-treated with myriocin, an inhibitor of de novo …
Mitochondrial Therapeutics During Ischemia-Reperfusion; Modulation Of Complex I: Effect Of Metformin., Shawn Y. Sunu
Mitochondrial Therapeutics During Ischemia-Reperfusion; Modulation Of Complex I: Effect Of Metformin., Shawn Y. Sunu
Theses and Dissertations
The modulation of the electron transport during ischemia-reperfusion has been shown to be protective. We hypothesized that metformin, a Complex I inhibitor, may exhibit characteristics of a pharmacological agent that could achieve long-term therapeutic intervention against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mitochondria were harvested from adult male mice and incubated with or without metformin at 30oC for 15 minutes, while being shaken at 300 rpm. Metformin decreased Complex I oxidative phosphorylation and Complex I activity. However, metformin also increased injury and decreased the maximum membrane potential. Even though there was a decrease in maximum membrane potential, the proton motive force (PMF) …
Metabolic Characterization Of Mpnst Cell Lines, Christopher A. Waker
Metabolic Characterization Of Mpnst Cell Lines, Christopher A. Waker
Browse all Theses and Dissertations
Malignant transformation is the process by which cells develop cancer properties. While many causes for malignant transformation are known (i.e. common genetic mutations and/or exposure to toxins or viruses), the basic requirements that allow a cell to stay alive with altered nutrient and energy requirements are just now being studied. In some tumor types malignant cells undergo changes that result in metabolic differences compared to normal cells. These can include defects in mitophagy resulting in an accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria and/or a metabolic switch resulting in increased glycolysis, termed the Warburg effect. Increased tumor growth and metastasis have also been …