Physiology Commons^™

Disaggregating The Relative Influence Of Genetic, Environmental And Individual Factors On Ldl And Hdl Cholesterols And Bmi For A Sample Of African American (Aa) Mothers And Daughters, C. Jayne Brahler, Jewel Harden, Michelle Mchone, Matthew Soules, Eric Evans, Ann Alyanak, Fred Diakpieng, Paul M. Vanderburgh

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

There are many reports about the associations between blood lipids, body mass index (BMI) and dietary cholesterol intakes both within the individual and between related individuals. The purpose of this descriptive research project was to investigate the relationships between LDL and HDL cholesterols, body mass index and dietary cholesterol intakes for a sample of African American (AA) mothers and their daughters and to attempt to separate the contribution of genetic versus environmental factors. Mother and daughter participants (n =42 and 66, respectively) were 12-14-hours fasted when blood samples were drawn, heights and weights measured, and 24 hour food recalls completed.

Body Weight Penalties In The Physical Fitness Tests Of The Army, Air Force, And Navy, Paul M. Vanderburgh, Todd A. Crowder

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

Recent research has empirically documented a consistent penalty against heavier service members for events identical or similar to those in the physical fitness tests of the Army, Air Force, and Navy. These penalties, not related to body fatness, are based on biological scaling models and have a physiologic basis. Using hypothetical cases, we quantified the penalties for males, 60 vs. 90 kg body weight, and females, 45 vs. 75 kg, to be 15-20% for the fitness tests of these three services. Such penalties alone can adversely impact awards and promotions for heavier service members. To deal equitably with these penalties …

Functional Electric Stimulation Cycle Ergometry Training Effect On Lower Limb Muscles In Acute Sci Individuals, Timothy J. Demchak, Jon K. Linderman, W. Jerry Mysiw, Rebecca Jackson, Jihong Sunn, Steven T. Devor

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to compare three different intervals for a between sets rest period during a common isokinetic knee extension strength-testing protocol of twenty older Brazilian men (66.30 ± 3.92 yrs). The volunteers underwent unilateral knee extension (Biodex System 3) testing to determine their individual isokinetic peak torque at 60, 90, and 120° ·s-1. The contraction speeds and the rest periods between sets (30, 60 and 90 s) were randomly performed in three different days with a minimum rest period of 48 hours. Significant differences between and within sets were analyzed using a One Way Analysis of …

Medical Technology: Contexts And Content In Science And Technology, Michael A. De Miranda, Mark Doggett, Jane T. Evans

Architectural and Manufacturing Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Can Professional Development Programs Help Close The Achievement Gap?, C. Jayne Brahler

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

This paper explores the question of whether it is possible to design professional development programs for teachers that can significantly improve student test results and reduce the achievement gap for students.

The Dayton (Ohio) Foundation and the Montgomery County (Ohio) Educational Service Center, sponsors of The Miami Valley Teacher/Leadership Academy, answer this question with a resounding yes. Recent results indicate that the academy's two-year program, designed to provide professional development to help improve student test scores, not only succeeded in significantly improving the student proficiency mean score, but also considerably reduced the achievement gap for participating students.

This paper includes …

Qtc Is Associated With Obesity And Physical Activity Level For African American Females, C. Jayne Brahler

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular or ischemic disease mortality. Obesity as a cause for acquired LQTS in otherwise healthy individuals is rapidly gaining the attention of the scientific community. African American people have a higher incidence of obesity compared to Caucasians, yet race-specific information is not available for their prevalence of LQTS. Chronic physical activity can help reduce the incidence of obesity, yet little is known about the effects of chronic physical activity on acquired LQTS. Subjects in this study were a volunteer sample of African American mothers (21-53 yr, n = 44) and …

Effects Of 8 Weeks Of Flexibility And Resistance Training In Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes, Matthew T. Herriot, Sheri R. Colberg, Henri K. Parson, Tanja Nunnold, Aaron I. Vinik

Human Movement Sciences & Special Education Faculty Publications

(First paragraph) Flexibility is often downplayed as unimportant to fitness. However, flexibility training is imperative to maintain full range of motion (ROM) of joints, particularly in individuals with type 2 diabetes, who may experience limited joint mobility due to glycation of joint structures (1). Maladies such as “frozen shoulder” are common complaints in type 2 diabetes (2).

Correlations Between Activity And Blood Pressure In African American Women And Girls, Brian A. Murray, C. Jayne Brahler, Janine Baer, John Marotta

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

Is the level of physical activity recommended by the Surgeon General enough to elicit the beneficial effects of exercise on blood pressure in African American women and girls? This study investigated self-reported physical activity level and its relationship to blood pressure in a population of African American women (N=25) between the ages of 21 and 53 years and girls (N=52) between the ages of 5 and 17 years, in Dayton, Ohio, USA. Physical activity levels were estimated by an interviewer-administered questionnaire, which determined the average hours per week over the past year spent in occupational and leisure activities. Blood pressure …

Student Physical Activity Patterns: Grade, Gender, And Activity Influences, Pamela Hodges Kulinna, Jeffrey J. Martin, Qin Lai, Amy Kliber, Brett Reed

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

The purpose of this study was to determine how physical education students' cardiovascular responses as determined by mean heart rate, standard deviation of heart rate, and percentage of time in target heart rate zone varied according to student characteristics. Participants were 505 students in Grades 3 through 12. The Polar Accurex Plus heart rate telemetry system was used to measure the physiological load on the cardiovascular system. Three-way ANOVA results suggested that heart rate patterns in physical education varied according to gender, grade, and activity. For example, secondary school girls were more active in individual activities while secondary school boys …

A Disengaging Metal Spike And Putting Green Quality, C. Jayne Brahler, Joe Macgowan, Marjorie Kapper, Katie Murphy, Mike Pequignot, Cristi Seidelson, Vicki Denlinger, Carrie Crites

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

Over the past few years, some disadvantages to alternative spikes have surfaced. The amount of damage to putting surfaces is in question, but the damage may not be noticed immediately, as it is with the conventional 8-mm length metal spike. The present study questions the effect of alternative spikes on putting green quality and ball roll.

Recycling Of Deuterium From Dideuterated Glucose During Moderate Exercise, Michael A. Horning, Sheri R. Colberg, Gretchen A. Casazza, George A. Brooks

Educational Foundations & Leadership Faculty Publications

A doubly labelled tracer molecule of glucose, [6,6^-2HJglucose, has been used to measure the rate of glucose appearance in blood due to endogenous glucose production (by the liver and kidneysj.^l,2 Considered 'non-recirculating', this tracer generally provides a realistic estimate of glucose kinetics.^2,3 Used as a dual tracer in conjunction with [l-¹³C]glucose, the extent of glucose recycling can be quantitated.^2-4 but the extent of possible recirculation of a single deuterium atom on newly formed glucose must then be considered.

Ankle Injuries And Ankle Strength, Flexibility, And Proprioception In College Basketball Players, Kristen A. Payne, Kris E. Berg, Richard W. Latin

Health and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Injuries to the ankle joint are among the most common of all sport-related injuries. Figures range from 10% to 30% of all injuries and from 5% to 20% of all time-loss injuries.1-9 Athletes participating in sports such as football, soccer, basketball, and volleyball are especially at risk for this type of injury, largely because of the running and jumping involved. In 1977, Garrick3 reported that during any single year of a 6-year period at the University of Washington, at least 16% of all time-loss injuries for all sports involved ankle sprains.