Physiology Commons^™

Unstable Ventilatory Control During Sleep After High Spinal Cord Injury: The Contribution Of Chemosensitivity And Hypoventilation, Amy Therese Bascom

Wayne State University Dissertations

ABSTRACT

UNSTABLE VENTILATORY CONTROL DURING SLEEP AFTER HIGH SPINAL CORD INJURY: THE CONTRIBUTION OF CHEMOSENSITIVITY AND HYPOVENTILATION

by

Amy T. Bascom

May 2015

Advisor: Dr. Harry G. Goshgarian

Major: Anatomy and Cell Biology

Degree: Doctor of Philosophy

A high prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) after spinal cord injury (SCI) has been reported in the literature; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. My studies had 2 aims: 1) to determine the effect of the withdrawal of the wakefulness drive to breathe on the degree of hypoventilation in SCI patients and able-bodied controls and 2) to determine the response of …

Preclinical Evaluation Of Infrared Light Therapy In A Rat Model Of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy, Christian Andrew Reynolds

Wayne State University Dissertations

Hypoxic events encountered during the perinatal period leading to pathologic decreases in fetal cerebral oxygen availability are detrimental resulting in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). This work focused on the characterization of a rat model of neonatal HIE for use in the preclinical evaluation of infrared light therapy (IRL). Consistent with results from previous IRL efficacy studies using a rat model of adult global brain ischemia, IRL treatment attenuated cerebral injury resulting from hypoxia-ischemia in the neonatal rat. Thus, and perhaps most importantly, this work contributes to the development of a potential novel therapeutic approach in the management of brain injuries …

Crebh, A Novel Liver Clock Keeper For Energy Metabolism, Ze Zheng

Wayne State University Dissertations

Circadian rhythms play crucial roles in orchestrating diverse physiological processes that are critical for health and disease. Cyclic AMP responsive element binding protein 3-like 3 (CREB3L3, also known as CREBH) is a liver-enriched, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-tethered transcription factor known to regulate hepatic acute-phase response and energy homeostasis under stress conditions. Here, we demonstrate that CREBH is regulated by the circadian clock and functions as a diurnal regulator of hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism. CREBH is required to maintain circadian profiles of blood triglycerides, fatty acids, and glucose as well as hepatic glycogen storage. CREBH rhythmically regulates expression levels and amplitudes …

Trophoblast Retrieval And Isolation From The Cervix (Tric) For Non-Invasive Prenatal Genetic Diagnosis And Prediction Of Abnormal Pregnancy Outcome, Rani Fritz

Wayne State University Dissertations

The placenta is vital for the short- and long-term health of the fetus, and significantly impacts the health of the mother. During the first and second trimesters of pregnancy, extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cells invade the uterus and remodel the maternal spiral arteries, which, if inadequate, leads to pregnancy complications, including early pregnancy loss (EPL), preeclampsia (PE), and intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR). EVT migration into the uterine wall is dependent on growth factors and cytokines that signal between maternal and fetal tissues. The epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling system plays a significant role in trophoblast function. Using immunocytochemistry (ICC), we evaluated …

The Acute And Chronic Effects Of Resveratrol On Renal Function And Blood Pressure, Kevin L. Gordish

Wayne State University Dissertations

We investigated the acute and chronic effects of resveratrol on renal function and blood pressure. We hypothesized that resveratrol would act as a renal vasodilator through a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism. In our acute studies, we found an intravenous bolus of resveratrol influenced changes in renal hemodynamics by increasing renal blood flow and decreasing renal vascular resistance. The mechanism of renal vasodilation was nitric oxide dependent and through a reduction of endogenous reactive oxygen species. Resveratrol-induced renal vasodilation was not influenced by COX metabolism and vasodilatory prostanoids. We found with continuous intravenous resveratrol infusion induced significant renal vasodilation while not altering …

Investigation Of Whether Sedentary And Physically Active Conditions Lead To Altered Gabaergic Signaling In The Rvlm, Maryetta Donna Dombrowski

Wayne State University Dissertations

Investigation of whether sedentary and physically active conditions lead to altered GABAergic signaling in the RVLM

MD Dombrowski, and PJ Mueller

Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI

A sedentary lifestyle is a major risk for cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease has been associated with elevated basal sympathetic nerve activity. The rostral ventrolateral medulla is a bilateral brainstem region that is an important for the control of resting and reflex control of sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure. The activity of these neurons in this region is tonically inhibited by the neurotransmitter γ-butyric amino acid (GABA). Interestingly, …