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Electronic Theses and Dissertations

2015

Articles 1 - 11 of 11

Full-Text Articles in Physiology

Cardiovascular Regulation And Effects Of Respiratory Motor Training In Patients With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury., Bonnie Legg Ditterline Dec 2015

Cardiovascular Regulation And Effects Of Respiratory Motor Training In Patients With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury., Bonnie Legg Ditterline

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation attempts to discover the mechanisms between cardiovascular and respiratory motor control post spinal cord injury (SCI): in normal, non-injured (NI) persons, cardiovascular regulation is dependent upon respiration, but there is nothing that suggests the mechanism for this relationship post-SCI. Thus we hoped to evaluate various aspects of cardiovascular regulation to further illustrate how this relationship is changed or unchanged by SCI. Chapter I describes the anatomy and physiology of the spine, respiratory system, and cardiovascular system in a NI person, and then describes how the function of these systems is changed by SCI. In addition, we describe therapies …

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Exercise Mitigates The Effects Of Hyperhomocysteinemia On Adverse Skeletal Muscle Remodeling., Lee Winchester Aug 2015

Exercise Mitigates The Effects Of Hyperhomocysteinemia On Adverse Skeletal Muscle Remodeling., Lee Winchester

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Background: Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is heavily implicated in diabetes and cardiovascular disease. HHcy is known for causing inflammation and vascular remodeling, particularly through production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Although its impact on skeletal muscle is rather unclear, HHcy is known to cause skeletal muscle weakness and functional impairment. The impact of HHcy on inflammation makes it seem likely that HHcy causes skeletal muscle fibrosis through induction of inflammatory factors and destructive macrophages. Exercise has been shown to reduce homocysteine levels and therefore, could serve as a promising intervention for HHcy. The purpose of this study was …

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Combination Treatment With Conjugated Linoleic Acid And Nitrite Protects Against Myocaridal Infarction., Natia Qipshidze Kelm Aug 2015

Combination Treatment With Conjugated Linoleic Acid And Nitrite Protects Against Myocaridal Infarction., Natia Qipshidze Kelm

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

According to the CDC, the most common type of heart disease is coronary artery disease, which frequently leads to myocardial infarction (MI). Therapeutic approaches to lessen the resulting cardiovascular injury associated with MI are limited. Recently, the management paradigm for cardiac injury has entered the molecular era and microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to act as negative regulators of gene expression by inhibiting mRNA translation and/or stimulating mRNA degradation. A single miRNA can modulate physiological or disease phenotypes by regulating whole functional systems. Importantly, miRNAs can regulate cardiac function, thereby modulating heart muscle contraction, heart growth and morphogenesis. MicroRNA-499 (miRNA-499) …

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Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity Is Unaltered In Elite Swimmers After Restricted Breathing Training., Benjamin Todd Ogle 1990- May 2015

Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity Is Unaltered In Elite Swimmers After Restricted Breathing Training., Benjamin Todd Ogle 1990-

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Controlled frequency breath (CFB) holding is a swim training modality that involves holding one’s breath for ~12 strokes before taking another breath. We looked to examine the effects of CFB training on pulmonary diffusing capacity for nitric oxide (DLNO) and carbon monoxide (DLCO). Elite swimmers (n = 25) were divided into either the CFB or a group that breathed regularly, every ~3rd stroke. The training intervention included 16 sessions of 12 x 50-m repetitions with either breathing pattern. Approximately 60% of the males and ~20% of the females were above the upper limits of normal for diffusing capacity at baseline. …

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Acute Pro-Inflammatory Immune Response Following Different Resistance Exercise Protocols In Trained Men, Adam Wells Jan 2015

Acute Pro-Inflammatory Immune Response Following Different Resistance Exercise Protocols In Trained Men, Adam Wells

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The successful regeneration of muscle tissue is dependent upon the infiltration of phagocytic CD14++CD16- monocytes that support the proliferation and differentiation of myogenic precursor cells. Physiologically, the magnitude of the cellular response following resistance exercise is dictated by the level of receptor expression on the plasma membrane of the monocyte, as well as the secretion of their cognate ligands from tissue resident cells. However, it remains unclear whether the innate pro-inflammatory immune response varies with different resistance training protocols, and how it may impact recovery and the muscle remodeling process. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to examine temporal …

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Intramuscular Anabolic Signaling And Endocrine Response Following Different Resistance Exercise Protocols In Trained Men, Adam Gonzalez Jan 2015

Intramuscular Anabolic Signaling And Endocrine Response Following Different Resistance Exercise Protocols In Trained Men, Adam Gonzalez

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway appears to be the primary regulator of protein synthesis and growth. While resistance exercise paradigms are often divided into hypertrophy (HYP) and strength (STR) protocols, it is unknown whether these protocols differentially stimulate mTORC1 signaling. The purpose of this study was to examine mTORC1 signaling in conjunction with circulating hormone concentrations following a typical lower-body HYP and STR resistance exercise protocol. Ten resistance-trained men (24.7±3.4y; 90.1±11.3kg; 176.0±4.9cm) performed each resistance exercise protocol in a random, counterbalanced order. Blood samples were obtained at baseline (BL), immediately (IP), 30 minutes (30P), 1 …

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The Effect Of Training Volume And Intensity On Improvements In Muscular Strength And Size In Resistance-Trained Men, Gerald Mangine Jan 2015

The Effect Of Training Volume And Intensity On Improvements In Muscular Strength And Size In Resistance-Trained Men, Gerald Mangine

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The magnitude of improvements in muscular strength and size are influenced by the volume and intensity of a resistance training program. While it is clearly advantageous for resistance-trained individuals to utilize programming specific to these goals, it not clear which is more important. Therefore the purpose of the present investigation was to determine the effect of focusing on training volume versus intensity on changes in muscle size and strength. Changes in muscular strength and size were examined in 29 resistance-trained men following 8 weeks of resistance training. Participants were randomly assigned to either a high volume (VOL, n = 14, …

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Behavior, Energetics, And Swimming Performance Of The American Paddlefish, Polyodon Spathula, In A Lower Mississippi River Oxbow, Bryan Andrew Cage Jan 2015

Behavior, Energetics, And Swimming Performance Of The American Paddlefish, Polyodon Spathula, In A Lower Mississippi River Oxbow, Bryan Andrew Cage

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Paddlefish often frequent oxbows and backwater habitats between periods of migration. Speculation as to the use and energetic savings associated with this seasonal residence has not been substantiated. This study used radio telemetry to track the seasonal movements and swim tunnel respirometry to estimate metabolic rates and swimming efficiency of paddlefish within an oxbow located just north of Clarksdale, Mississippi (Moon Lake). Paddlefish overwintered in the deepest portions of Moon Lake with little movement into shallower areas. Paddlefish swimming performance was measured at four swimming speeds (76.04, 91.27, 106.50, and 121.72 cm/s) to determine the cost of locomotion over season …

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The Physiological Stress Response Caused By Hypoxia And Reperfusion Injury In Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis) And Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus), Amanda C. Reynolds Jan 2015

The Physiological Stress Response Caused By Hypoxia And Reperfusion Injury In Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis) And Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus), Amanda C. Reynolds

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Approximately five million people in the United States are affected by cardiovascular related diseases yearly contributing to 300,000 annual deaths, making CVD the leading cause of mortality worldwide. It has been suggested that apoptosis (programmed cell death) contributes to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. When blood flow is reduced or cut off from the heart, usually by a thrombus, this results in oxygen deprivation (hypoxia) to the cardiomyocytes (heart cells). In response to this hypoxic stress, cardiomyocytes will undergo apoptosis. Since many species of fish can survive levels of hypoxia that would be fatal to mammals, fish are an ideal …

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The Reproductive Cycle Of The Guatemalan Beaded Lizard, Heloderma Charlesbogerti, Wade C. Carruth Iii Jan 2015

The Reproductive Cycle Of The Guatemalan Beaded Lizard, Heloderma Charlesbogerti, Wade C. Carruth Iii

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Reproductive information, including seasonality in behavior and physiology, is key to our ability to breed species for maintaining assurance colonies or for future introductions. Limited scientific data is available about the reproduction of Helodermatid lizards. Several species of helodermatid lizard are uncommon, rare, or simply exist at low population densities and in need of the development of conservation programs and management. Most helodermatid reproductive data collected to date has been done on deceased animals using histological techniques. Until this study, no hormones have been analyzed, and individual animals have not been followed through a complete cycle. The purpose of this …

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Female Social Rank And Steroid Production In Semi-Free Ranging Lemur Catta On St. Catherines Island, Georgia, Tiffany Burgess Jan 2015

Female Social Rank And Steroid Production In Semi-Free Ranging Lemur Catta On St. Catherines Island, Georgia, Tiffany Burgess

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Many mammalian species live in complex social groups that profoundly affect the behavior and ecology of their members. In ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) these groups are characterized by female dominance, where females have priority over males for food, grooming, and space. Among females there is also a linear dominance hierarchy. L. catta have a strong matrilineal social core due to females staying within their natal group and males dispersing at sexual maturity. Daughters “inherit” their mother’s social rank. However, it is not known if the matrilineal lines are maintained through learned dominant/aggressive behavior or inherited via genetically determined hormonal …

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