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Articles 61 - 71 of 71
Full-Text Articles in Physiology
Epigenetic Modifications Associated With Aortic Remodeling In Hyperhomocysteinemia., Nithya Narayanan
Epigenetic Modifications Associated With Aortic Remodeling In Hyperhomocysteinemia., Nithya Narayanan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Background: Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is prevalent in hypertensive patients and is an independent risk factor for aortic pathologies. HHcy is known to cause an imbalance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) leading to accumulation of collagen in the aorta resulting in stiffness and development of hypertension. Although the exact mechanism of extracellular matrix remodeling (ECM) is unclear, emerging evidence implicates epigenetic regulation involving DNA methylation. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether inhibition of DNA methylation reduces high blood pressure by regulating aortic ECM remodeling in HHcy. Methods: In the first set of experiments, we …
Myocyte-Specific Overexpression Of Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1 Facilitates Cardiac Regeneration And Improves Myocardial Function After Infarction In Mice., Detlef Ernst-Rudolf Obal
Myocyte-Specific Overexpression Of Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1 Facilitates Cardiac Regeneration And Improves Myocardial Function After Infarction In Mice., Detlef Ernst-Rudolf Obal
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Background: Interruption of cardiac stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1)-CXCR4 axis by chronic AMD3100 administration increased myocardial injury after permanent coronary artery ligation, demonstrating the important role of this chemokine in cardiac regeneration. Hypothesis: Cardiomyocyte-specific conditional overexpression of SDF prevents heart failure after permanent coronary ligation and facilitates cardiac regeneration. Methods and Results: Tetracycline-controlled, a-myosine heavy chain promoter directed overexpression of cardiac SDF resulted in a significant increase of SDF expression (SDF: 8.1 ng / g protein) compared with littermate WT mice (0.02 ng / g protein) four weeks after doxycycline withdrawal. SDF overexpression increased AKT and casein kinase 1 levels …
Improved Tolerance To Salt And Water Stress In Drosophila Melanogaster Cells Conferred By Late Embryogenesis Abundant Protein., Matthew Marunde, Dilini Samarajeewa, John Anderson, Shumin Li, Steven Hand, Michael Menze
Improved Tolerance To Salt And Water Stress In Drosophila Melanogaster Cells Conferred By Late Embryogenesis Abundant Protein., Matthew Marunde, Dilini Samarajeewa, John Anderson, Shumin Li, Steven Hand, Michael Menze
Faculty and Staff Scholarship
Mechanisms that govern anhydrobiosis involve the accumulation of highly hydrophilic macromolecules, such as late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins. Group 1 LEA proteins comprised of 181 (AfLEA1.1) and 197 (AfLEA1.3) amino acids were cloned from embryos of Artemia franciscana and expressed in Drosophila melanogaster cells (Kc167). Confocal microscopy revealed a construct composed of green fluorescence protein (GFP) and AfLEA1.3 accumulates in the mitochondria (AfLEA1.3-GFP), while AfLEA1.1-GFP was found in the cytoplasm. In the presence of mixed substrates, oxygen consumption was statistically identical for permeabilized Kc167 control and Kc167-AfLEA1.3 cells. Acute titrations of permeabilized cells with NaCl up to 500 mM led …
Diapause And Anhydrobiosis In Embryos Of Artemia Franciscana : Metabolic Depression, Lea Proteins And Water Stress., Steven Handel, Yuvraj Patil, Shumin Li, Nilay Charkraborty, Arpurva Borcar, Michael Menze, Leaf Boswell, Daniel Moore, Mehmet Toner
Diapause And Anhydrobiosis In Embryos Of Artemia Franciscana : Metabolic Depression, Lea Proteins And Water Stress., Steven Handel, Yuvraj Patil, Shumin Li, Nilay Charkraborty, Arpurva Borcar, Michael Menze, Leaf Boswell, Daniel Moore, Mehmet Toner
Faculty and Staff Scholarship
Metabolic depression is typically correlated with extended survival of environmental challenge and energy-limitation in early life stages of various invertebrates and vertebrates. Diapause is an ontogenetically-programmed reduction of development and often metabolism seen in many invertebrates. When embryos of Artemia franciscana enter the state of diapause, the overall metabolic depression is estimated to be greater than 99%. These embryos also contain trehalose and express multiple isoforms of Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins, constituents often present in a number of such anhydrobiotic animals. The mRNA levels for LEA proteins are highest in diapause and post-diapause embryos that possess desiccation tolerance, but …
Late Embryogenesis Abundant Proteins Protect Human Hepatoma Cells During Acute Desiccation., Shumin Li, Nilay Chakraborty, Apurva Borcar, Michael Menze, Mehmet Toner, Steven Hand
Late Embryogenesis Abundant Proteins Protect Human Hepatoma Cells During Acute Desiccation., Shumin Li, Nilay Chakraborty, Apurva Borcar, Michael Menze, Mehmet Toner, Steven Hand
Faculty and Staff Scholarship
Expression of late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins is highly correlated with desiccation tolerance in anhydrobiotic animals, selected land plants, and bacteria. Genes encoding two LEA proteins, one localized to the cytoplasm/nucleus (AfrLEA2) and one targeted to mitochondria (AfrLEA3m), were stably transfected into human HepG2 cells. A trehalose transporterwas used for intracellular loading of this disaccharide. Cellswere rapidly and uniformly desiccated to low water content (< 0.12 g H2O/g dry weight) with a recently developed spin-drying technique. Immediately on rehydration, control cells without LEA proteins or trehalose exhibited 0% membrane integrity, comparedwith 98% in cells loaded with trehalose and expressing AfrLEA2 or AfrLEA3m; surprisingly, AfrLEA3m without trehalose conferred 94% protection. Cell proliferation across 7 d showed an 18-fold increase for cells dried with AfrLEA3m and trehalose, compared with 27-fold for nondried controls. LEA proteins dramatically enhance desiccation tolerance in mammalian cells and offer the opportunity for engineering biostability in the dried state.
Metabolic Preconditioning Of Mammalian Cells : Mimetic Agents For Hypoxia Lack Fidelity In Promoting Phosphorylation Of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase., Apurva Borcar, Michael Menze, Mehmet Toner, Steven Hand
Metabolic Preconditioning Of Mammalian Cells : Mimetic Agents For Hypoxia Lack Fidelity In Promoting Phosphorylation Of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase., Apurva Borcar, Michael Menze, Mehmet Toner, Steven Hand
Faculty and Staff Scholarship
Induction of HIF-1α by oxygen limitation promotes increased phosphorylation and catalytic depression of mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and an enhanced glycolytic poise in cells. Cobalt chloride and desferrioxamine are widely used as mimics for hypoxia because they increase the levels of HIF-1α. We evaluated the ability of these agents to elicit selected physiological responses to hypoxia as a means to metabolically precondition mammalian cells, but without the detrimental effects of hypoxia. We show that, while CoCl2 does increase HIF-1α in a dose-dependent manner, it unexpectedly and strikingly decreases PDH phosphorylation at E1α sites 1, 2, and 3 (Ser293, Ser300, and …
Long-Term Survival Of Anoxia Despite Rapid Atp Decline In Embryos Of The Annual Killifish Austrofundulus Limnaeus., Jason Podrabsky, Michael Menze, Steven Hand
Long-Term Survival Of Anoxia Despite Rapid Atp Decline In Embryos Of The Annual Killifish Austrofundulus Limnaeus., Jason Podrabsky, Michael Menze, Steven Hand
Faculty and Staff Scholarship
Embryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus can survive for months in the complete absence of oxygen. Survival of anoxia is associated with entry into a state of metabolic dormancy known as diapause. However, extreme tolerance of anoxia is retained for several days of post-diapause development. Rates of heat dissipation in diapause II and 4 days post-diapause II embryos were measured under aerobic conditions and during the transition into anoxia. Phosphorylated adenylate compounds were quantified in embryos during entry into anoxia and after 12 hr of aerobic recovery. Rates of heat dissipation were not affected by exposure to anoxia in …
The Nature Of The Amenorrhea Of Lactation In Humans., Carroll H. Luhr
The Nature Of The Amenorrhea Of Lactation In Humans., Carroll H. Luhr
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
No abstract provided.
A Study Of The Relationship Between Blood Flow And Limb Volume In The Hind Limb Of The Dog., J. P. Holt
A Study Of The Relationship Between Blood Flow And Limb Volume In The Hind Limb Of The Dog., J. P. Holt
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
No abstract provided.
The Muscular Activity Of The Small Intestine During Acute Obstruction., Rudolph F. Antoncic
The Muscular Activity Of The Small Intestine During Acute Obstruction., Rudolph F. Antoncic
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
No abstract provided.
The Effect Of Drugs On Experimental Renal Hypertension In The Dog., J. J. Prusmack
The Effect Of Drugs On Experimental Renal Hypertension In The Dog., J. J. Prusmack
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
No abstract provided.