Physiology Commons^™

Amiodarone-Induced Thyrotoxicosis Type 2 : Utilization Of Color-Flow Doppler Sonography For Diagnosis, Sam Joseph, Larissa Check, Donald Eagerton

South Atlantic Division GME Research Day 2023

No abstract provided.

Reliability And Validity Of A Commercial Running Power Meter To Indicate Metabolic Workload During Endurance Running, James Harris Hudgins Iii

Theses and Dissertations--Kinesiology and Health Promotion

Commercial running power (RP) meters may provide endurance runners and coaches with improved precision for monitoring running intensity. Cyclists rely upon the relationship between cycling power and metabolic demand to regulate physiological intensity during training and racing, independent of changes in the physical environment (e.g., terrain, wind). Research demonstrates strong reliability and validity for a specific RP meter to indicate metabolic demand within controlled running conditions. However, several potential influences on this relationship have not been investigated. Therefore, four studies were conducted with the following aims:

- Study 1: Determine the inter-limb reliability and validity of a single-limb-based RP meter …

Best3-Mediated Mekk2/3 Activation: A Novel Therapeutic Target In Aortopathies, Tatiana Zyrianova, Benjamin Lopez, Kathlyn Zou, Charles Gu, Dayna Pham, Sriharsha Talapaneni, Christopher M. Waters, Riccardo Olcese, Andreas Schwingshackl

Saha Cardiovascular Research Center Faculty Publications

Influenza-A virus (IAV) infects yearly an estimated one billion people worldwide, resulting in 300,000–650,000 deaths. Preventive vaccination programs and antiviral medications represent the mainstay of therapy, but with unacceptably high morbidity and mortality rates, new targeted therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Since inflammatory processes are commonly associated with measurable changes in the cell membrane potential (Em), we investigated whether Em hyperpolarization via TREK-1 (K2P 2.1) K þ channel activation can protect against influenza-A virus (IAV)-induced pneumonia. We infected mice with IAV, which after 5 days caused 10–15% weight loss and a decrease in spontaneous activity, representing a clinically relevant infection. …

The Use Of A Habitat Quality Stress Index To Evaluate Stress As An Analog For Proximate Fitness In The American Crow Within A Matrix Of Landcover Characteristics To Assess Its Potential Contribution To Disease Etiologies, Theodore Lee Grabarz

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

All organisms occur within spatial and temporal environments to maximize proximate fitness (health) and thus life history outcomes. Previous work has examined the temporal and behavioral aspects of proximate fitness on life history outcomes particularly regarding highly perturbed environments (i.e., climate and land use change, resource extraction, agricultural erosion, etc.). My work focuses on the less examined spatial aspect of these perturbed environments. More specifically, this dissertation examines habitat selection and quality as the basis for understanding stress response (negative and positive feedback mechanisms) to environmental stressors within the larger context of regional or gamma (ɣ) biodiversity. Through the lens …

Characterizing Cellular Injury And Inflammation With Aldob-/-Mouse Model Of Mafld, Andy Rashid

All Master's Theses

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) affects 1 in 3 people in the US and is a healthcare burden on the order of billions of dollars. MAFLD is characterized by pathological lipid accumulation in the liver, excess production of triglycerides and cholesterol, and export of LDL particles that raise serum lipid levels. These metabolic perturbations can lead to the development of liver fibrosis, chronic inflammation, and insulin resistance. Diagnosing MAFLD prior to fibrosis is crucial for successful intervention and prevention of advanced liver disease and other metabolic complications. Fructose-1Phospahte (F1P) accumulation from fructose overconsumption can drive hepatic lipogenesis and MAFLD progression. …

Changes In Running Biomechanics In Master Runners Over Age 50: A Systematic Review, Matthew Klein, Chris Patterson

Faculty Publications - College of Physical Therapy

The number of individuals over 50 years of age participating in recreational and competitive running has increased over the past ten years. It has been established that older runners experience a reduction in strength and power. These changes may contribute to different running biomechanics from younger runners. The pur-pose of this study was to synthesise the current evidence on run-ning biomechanical differences in the lower extremity between masters runners over 50 years and younger runners under 40 years. The systematic data search included CINAHL, MEDLINE, and SPORTDiscus databases. Fourteen cross-sectional studies that com-pared lower extremity biomechanics of masters runners to …

Sound The (Smaller) Alarm: The Triphosphate Magic Spot Nucleotide Pgpp, Areej Malik, Megan A. Hept, Erin B. Purcell

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

It has recently become evident that the bacterial stringent response is regulated by a triphosphate alarmone (pGpp) as well as the canonical tetra- and pentaphosphate alarmones ppGpp and pppGpp [together, (p)ppGpp]. Often dismissed in the past as an artifact or degradation product, pGpp has been confirmed as a deliberate endpoint of multiple synthetic pathways utilizing GMP, (p)ppGpp, or GDP/GTP as precursors. Some early studies concluded that pGpp functionally mimics (p)ppGpp and that its biological role is to make alarmone metabolism less dependent on the guanine energy charge of the cell by allowing GMP-dependent synthesis to continue when GDP/GTP has been …

Nicotine And E-Cigarette Effect On Maximal Metabolic Rate (Mmr) In Procambarus Clarkii, Nathan Cuttica

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The use of electronic cigarettes, commonly referred to as e-cigarettes or vapes, has increased exponentially in recent years despite the lack of research into potentially negative physiological effects. The rise in e-cigarette use is likely due to the overwhelming evidence regarding the addictive properties of nicotine and the damage caused by traditional tobacco cigarettes. Most e-cigarettes, however, still contain nicotine and are associated with a rise in nicotine-related intoxications (Belkoniene et al., 2019). There are nicotine-free e-cigarette options, which are gaining popularity, but it is unknown if they carry similar or other negative physiological effects. Studies involving e-cigarettes containing nicotine …

The Effects Of Sex On Zebrafish Bone Metabolism, Simon Bagatto

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

I investigated the effects of diet and sex on zebrafish bone metabolism. Zebrafish were subjected to either a high-calorie or low-calorie diet over a five-week period. After this diet, zebrafish scales were used to measure alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) enzyme activity with a fluorescent substrate. The enzyme activities were markers of the osteoblasts (ALP) and the osteoclasts (TRAP). These data were compared among sex and diet of the zebrafish using a repeated measures ANOVA statistical test. I also measured the number of resorption lacunae per scale (another indicator of osteoclast activity). The results showed higher TRAP …

Effects Of Electronic Cigarettes On The Standard Metabolic Rate Of Crayfish, Frank Shaffer

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

This study aims to examine the relationship between e-cigarettes (both with nicotine and without) and the effects on the standard metabolic rates of crayfish. In this experiment, 42 crayfish were divided into three treatment groups and exposed to a designated solution of either a control solution or a solution containing e-cigarette (nicotine or non-nicotine) vapor. Their standard metabolic rates were then measured by using oxygen uptake as a proxy. The results of this experiment indicate that there is no statistically significant relationship between the use of electronic cigarettes and the standard metabolic rate of crayfish. However, this study can be …

Bilirubin Levels Are Negatively Correlated With Adiposity In Obese Men And Women, And Its Catabolized Product, Urobilin, Is Positively Associated With Insulin Resistance, Zachary A. Kipp, Mei Xu, Evelyn A. Bates, Wang-Hsin Lee, Philip A. Kern, Terry D. Hinds Jr.

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Bilirubin levels in obese humans and rodents have been shown to be lower than in their lean counterparts. Some studies have proposed that the glucuronyl UGT1A1 enzyme that clears bilirubin from the blood increases in the liver with obesity. UGT1A1 clearance of bilirubin allows more conjugated bilirubin to enter the intestine, where it is catabolized into urobilin, which can be then absorbed via the hepatic portal vein. We hypothesized that when bilirubin levels are decreased, the urobilin increases in the plasma of obese humans, as compared to lean humans. To test this, we measured plasma levels of bilirubin and urobilin, …

Sex-Dependent Effects Of Induced Acute Inflammation On Glucose Homeostasis And Rna Editing Enzymes, Christian A. Rivas

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

The first line of defense against bodily insults, like pathogen invasion, is the innate immune system. Innate immunity sets in motion countless cascades that result in inflammation. Inflammation simultaneously affects multiple biological processes like metabolism and gene expression. Males and females react differently to inflammation. To understand both molecular and physiological sex differences in inflammation, we examined how inflammation affects gene expression and glucose metabolism. Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR1) is upregulated by inflammation and catalyzes RNA editing, a process where nucleotides encoded by the genome are modified. ADAR1 also controls the innate immune reaction by decreasing activity of …

Intrinsic Foot Muscle Training For Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome, Katherine Newsham, Michelle Boyd, Christine Lauber

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS), a common condition in physically active individuals, is widely studied, yet effective and efficient intervention is elusive. We compared the effects of a 2-week neuromuscular-based intervention to the “usual treatment” in a non-randomized trial involving intercollegiate athletes with complaints of MTSS involving soft tissue. The neuromuscular-based intervention focused on relieving trigger points in the deep compartment and improving intrinsic foot muscle (IFM) function. The control group received “usual treatment” that did not include the study exercises, but did include rest, modalities, stretching, and/or strengthening exercises. Pre- and post-intervention measures included pain at rest, during activities …

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Of A College Student With A Prosthetic Limb: A Disablement Model Case Study, Sara A. Zilvetti, Amanda Y. Young, Jeff Stein, Scott E. Lawrance

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

This case examines a 19-year-old male college student with a left anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) secondary to a motor vehicle accident (MVA). The accident caused numerous severe injuries to both lower limbs including untreatable right lower leg injuries, leading to a right below knee amputation, and a left ACL tear. Before the accident, the patient was a varsity cross country and track athlete expecting to continue in college. Six weeks following surgical reconstruction, the patient reported to the rehabilitation clinic for standard ACLR rehabilitation practices including lower leg and proximal hip strengthening, attaining full knee ROM, and balance exercises. …

Interventions For The Mind, Body, And Spirit Of Ncaa Student-Athletes: An Evidence To Practice Review, Molly M. Osborn, Victoria A. Williams, Allison B. Smith, Zachary K. Winkelmann

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Life as an athlete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) can enrich and play an integral part in a young student-athlete's development. Consequently, this lifestyle comes with its own stressors that affect one’s physical, spiritual, and psychosocial well-being. These issues can affect various aspects of a student-athlete’s life, including their performance in sports, school, and social settings. Recent studies have begun connecting these domains directly to the health and well-being of NCAA student-athletes, leading to new evidence focused on the best intervention protocols for the biopsychosocial-spiritual (BPSS) model of health. A systematic review was conducted using five electronic databases. …

The Association Of Vitamin D, Bone Mineral Density, And Injuries Among Acrobatics And Tumbling Athletes, K Lee, A Gallucci, J Forsse, L Cherpe De Souza, L Irvin, E Boyer, L Funderburk

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Introduction: Acrobatics and Tumbling (A&T) is an emerging sport incorporating various elements of gymnastics and competitive cheerleading. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the sport presents with high injury rates potentially due to the high impact nature of the activity. Due to the potential aesthetic sport related concerns, bone mineral density and risk of injury presents a concern for patients, athletic trainers and stakeholders. Increased understanding of the relationship between bone mineral density, serum vitamin D status, and injury incidence in A&T may be useful to athletic trainers, registered dietitians, and others working with these athletes. The objective of this study was …

Use Of Blood Flow Restriction Training With A Collegiate Baseball Player Following Hook Of The Hamate Excision, J P. Goza, R M. Galbraith, A P. Jacobsen, B J. Warner, S A. Cage

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Background: A 21-year-old male collegiate baseball player underwent successful excision of the hook of hamate of the left hand. Following two weeks in a padded splint to allow for appropriate scar healing, the patient’s sutures were removed and rehabilitation was initiated. Initial rehabilitation consisted of passive range of motion exercises progressing to active range of motion exercises. After one week of range of motion exercises and improvement of range of motion, resistance training with blood flow restriction was initiated. Differential Diagnosis: Hook of the hamate excision. Treatment: Week 3: Prior to beginning resistance training with blood flow restriction, grip strength …

Twelfth Rib Avulsion Fracture In A Collegiate Baseball Pitcher: A Case Report., L K. Warner, A P. Jacobsen, R M. Galbraith, C Hodges, B J. Warner, S A. Cage

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Background: A 21-year-old male collegiate baseball player reported to the athletic training staff after experiencing acute pain in his left side following throwing a pitch. The patient experienced immediate difficulty with active lateral flexion and trunk rotation. Palpation revealed spasm and tenderness along the internal and external oblique muscle. The patient reported having subluxed a rib on a previous occasion. While the pain experienced was similar, the patient stated that there was more pain along the muscle bellies of the internal and external oblique muscles compared to the previous injury. No difficulties with breathing, bowel movements, or urination were reported. …

Slowing It Down: The Impact Of A Core Stabilization Program Of Hypermobile Sprinters, T Spears, J Gonzalez-Pons, J Debose

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a common complaint in sprinters, and it can present itself in many ways. One study published in 2019 surveyed 2539 runners; 22.6% of them reported LBP of some kind at least once within that year.5 LBP can occur in sprinters for many reasons. One study noted that muscle weakness, imbalance, and improper recruitment of hip and/or core musculature are a few sources of LBP in athletes.4 The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of a core stabilization program on athletes suffering from lumbar facet hypermobility. Differential Diagnosis: Conditions that are typically …

A Case Study On Treatment Of Subcoracoid Impingement In An Overhead Athlete With Manual Therapy, M Mennell

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Introduction: Subcoracoid impingement of the shoulder is a condition that occurs when the tendons or soft tissues in the shoulder are compressed or pinched between the coracoid process and the humeral head. It is also suspected that subcoracoid impingement can occur when the humerus translates anteriorly, decreasing the subcoracoid space. This impingement can cause pain, inflammation, and limited mobility in the shoulder joint. All kinds of impingement are typically multifactorial, and have several areas that need to be addressed. The purpose of this case report is to examine the effects of therapeutic exercise as well as manual therapy on subcoracoid …

Superficial Peroneal Nerve Entrapment In Female Collegiate Tennis Athlete: A Disablement Model Case Study, Sarah Branning, Neeru Jayanthi, Zachary K. Winkelmann

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

A 19-year-old female, NCAA Division I collegiate tennis player presented with a burning and aching sensation halfway up the lateral portion of her right calf following an extensive period spent in a squatting position. This discomfort began distal to the fibular head, then ran along her lateral calf, reached into her ankle, and wrapped behind the lateral malleolus. Initially, the patient only noticed this discomfort during long durations of physical activity. However, she began to report symptoms with activities of daily living (ADLs) and following workouts. The patient first received a working diagnosis of a stress reaction along the mid …

Return-To-Tennis Considerations And An Elusive Diagnosis For A Cuboid Avulsion Fracture: A Disablement Model Case Study, Grant G. Yee, Zachary K. Winkelmann, Zoe J. Foster

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

This disablement-model case study is focused on a 23-year-old NCAA Division I men’s tennis player that sustained an injury in a competitive singles tennis match. Upon initial examination, the athletic trainer diagnosed the individual with an anterior talofibular ligament sprain and treated conservatively. The patient experienced significant disruptions to his activities of daily living due to his difficulties with ambulation during the early stages of his recovery. Interestingly, the patient was eventually diagnosed with a cuboid avulsion fracture. Midfoot fractures are uncommonly experienced in the general population, and are particularly uncommon in tennis athletes, making them difficult to recognize. Clinical …

The Validity And Reliability Of Assessments Through Telemedicine: An Evidence-To-Practice Review, Connor L. Givens, Gabrielle A. Griffin, Matthew D. Johnson, Zachary K. Winkelmann

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

The validity and reliability of telemedicine assessments has been explored through numerous studies. Telemedicine is a diagnostic tool that combines visual technology, audio technology, and tools for assessment. The assessment of musculoskeletal disorders is a key portion in the field of athletic training. The development of telemedicine assessment tools has improved over time but has not yet been perfected. Data was collected via four databases that included articles examining validity, inter- and intra- rater reliability, and telemedicine assessment for musculoskeletal tests. The reviews of the systematic review used Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) and quality appraisal tool for …

Burnout In Sport Specializers Versus Samplers: An Evidence-To-Practice Review, Katherine Godfrey, Justin Disanti, Tamara Valovich Mcleod

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

The prevalence of sport specialization is a common concern in contemporary youth sports and has been linked to potential negative physical and psychological effects for developing athletes. While the evidence regarding negative physical effects, such as overuse injury, are consistent in the literature, the psychosocial outcomes are unclear due to the lack of published studies on the topic. Specialization is thought to lead to added stress, which may affect an athlete’s mental health, whereas athletes who sample multiple sports are believed to have a healthier psychosocial experience. Burnout is characterized as physical and emotional exhaustion, sport devaluation and a reduced …

Childhood Mental Health Outcomes Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: An Evidence-To-Practice Review Leona J. Keller, Ms, Atc*; Sooji M. Berthiaume, Ms, Atc†; Karis J. L, Leona J. Keller, Sooji M. Berthiaume, Karis J. Landry, Alyssa L. Bolno, Zachary K. Winkelmann

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Concussions can have lasting symptoms in children such as depression, anxiety, hyperactivity, or failure to control anger. If diminished mental health outcomes are not monitored and do not improve after concussion, children may need additional treatment as a result of sequela. The purpose of the guiding systematic review was to determine if there are increased mental health symptoms in pediatric patients who sustained a concussion as compared to pediatric patients who have not sustained a concussion. The guiding systematic review and meta-analysis authors used seven different databases for articles published from 1980 to 2020. Selected articles had mental health outcomes …

Concussion Clinical Pathway: Headache And Cervical Assessment Framework, Nicholas Hattrup, Nicholas Pfeifer, Tamara Valovich Mcleod

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

The prevalence of sport specialization is a common concern in contemporary youth sports and has been linked to potential negative physical and psychological effects for developing athletes. While the evidence regarding negative physical effects, such as overuse injury, are consistent in the literature, the psychosocial outcomes are unclear due to the lack of published studies on the topic. Specialization is thought to lead to added stress, which may affect an athlete’s mental health, whereas athletes who sample multiple sports are believed to have a healthier psychosocial experience. Burnout is characterized as physical and emotional exhaustion, sport devaluation and a reduced …

Strategies To Improve Healthcare Communication With Non-Native English Speakers: An Evidence To Practice Review, Skylar B. Hudgens-Wallace, Kaitlyn M. Pierce, Madison P. Whitesell, Nancy A. Uriegas, Zachary K. Winkelmann

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

As the number of non-native English speakers in the United States rises, the degree to which some patients understand their healthcare communication is decreasing. It is essential to recognize the areas of limited health literacy to ensure proper patient communication and education are achieved. The guiding systematic review aimed to examine different communication interventions and the reported patient experiences from those interactions. The main forms of healthcare communication interventions used in the study included in-person, telephone, and video call interpreters. Patients have been shown to respond best to in-person interpreters, but using interpreters via telephone or video call was also …

Effects Of Social Determinants Of Health And Diabetes On A Lower Extremity Workplace Injury: A Disablement Model Case Study, Bridget L. Davidson, Richelle M. Williams, Sean M. Rogers

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

This clinical case study involves a 36-year-old male patient who injured his right lower leg while working in the kitchen at a county correctional institution. The mechanism of injury involved the patient getting his foot caught under a wooden pallet, losing his balance, and then catching himself on his right leg in a twisting motion. The injury led to the patient seeking care in the emergency department and was diagnosed with a nonspecific strain of the right triceps surae muscle group. Upon discharge, the patient was referred to outpatient athletic training services within the hospital system. Follow-up care provided by …

Rhabdomyolysis And Hypothyroidism In A Collegiate Hammer Thrower: A Disablement Model Case Study, S. Andrew Cage, Robert Michael Galbraith, Rebecca Peebles, Payton Williams, Brandon Warner

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

The purpose of this disablement model case report was to detail the case of a patient suffering from rhabdomyolysis and hypothyroidism. Despite swelling, cramping, and loss of range of motion at the wrists, hands, and fingers, the patient did not seek physician evaluation until their athletic trainer encouraged them. While hypothyroidism is a relatively common condition, there has been little literature published that associate hypothyroidism with rhabdomyolysis. In this case, the patient reported to the athletic training staff reporting swelling, cramping, and loss of range of motion at the wrists, hands, and fingers. After evaluation by the team physician and …

Prioritizing Patient-Centered Care When Integrating Athletic Training Students Into Clinical Practice, Amber Kingsley, Amy L. Fraley, Krista M. Richards, Matthew J. Drescher, Zachary K. Winkelmann

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Athletic trainers are responsible for the patient care of student-athletes but also can be responsible for the education and mentorship of athletic training (AT) students through the role of preceptor. ATSs require extensive first-hand clinical experiences to prepare them for autonomous practice but must first feel comfortable with the skills they have learned to apply them in clinical practice. The unique clinical experience these ATSs experienced was the combined experience of a graduate assistant athletic trainer preceptor who also assisted as a teaching assistant in the classroom. This allowed the preceptor to help the ATSs expand on the information provided …