Physiology Commons^™

The Effect Of Active Exercise On Rectus Femoris Cooling Time, Blaine C. Long

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Context: The ability for cryotherapy to influence subcutaneous temperature has mainly been considered during resting skeletal muscle. However, most injuries occur when subcutaneous temperatures have been physically active. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of ice on exercised rectus femoris musculature and the effect of exercise on cooling rectus femoris musculature to 1 0°C below resting temperature. Design and Setting: Two 2 x 2 repeated measures designs were used. The study was conducted in the Sports Injury Research Laboratory at Indiana State University. Subjects: Six (age= 26.0 ± 3.2 yrs, ht = 181.6 ± 2.4cm, …

Student Physical Activity Patterns: Grade, Gender, And Activity Influences, Pamela Hodges Kulinna, Jeffrey J. Martin, Qin Lai, Amy Kliber, Brett Reed

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

The purpose of this study was to determine how physical education students' cardiovascular responses as determined by mean heart rate, standard deviation of heart rate, and percentage of time in target heart rate zone varied according to student characteristics. Participants were 505 students in Grades 3 through 12. The Polar Accurex Plus heart rate telemetry system was used to measure the physiological load on the cardiovascular system. Three-way ANOVA results suggested that heart rate patterns in physical education varied according to gender, grade, and activity. For example, secondary school girls were more active in individual activities while secondary school boys …

Acute Cardiovascular Response And Perception Of Effort Between The Super Slow And Gold Standard Resistance Training Protocols, Phillip Wickwire

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Super Slow training was proposed by Ken Hutchins in a book entitled Super Slow: The Ultimate Exercise Protocol (1992). Since then Super Slow training has been proposed to improve strength more effectively than traditional resistance training and improve cardiovascular measures above aerobic exercise. However, whether this type of training is safe for the older, possibly hypertensive population to which it is being targeted is questionable. To help provide an answer to this question the purpose of this study was to measure blood pressure, heart rate (HR), and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) while performing the Super Slow resistance training protocol …

Interaction Between Adrenergic And Nitric Oxide-Releasing Nerves In Cerebral Arteries, Emmanuel Ngu Mbaku

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Of all body tissues, the brain is the least tolerant of ischemia so much that interruption of cerebral blood flow by 5 sec can cause syncope, with irreversible tissue damage if the ischemia last a few minutes. In this respect, the body has an imperative duty of ensuring constant and adequate blood supply to the brain. It does so through a series of intrinsic and extrinsic control factors of which adrenergic and nitric oxide-releasing nerves are components. My research examined the interaction between these two nerve-types with emphasis on the mechanisms involved as well as on changes in their functions …

Rpe "Drift" In Fit And Unfit Males Cycling In A Hot And Cool Environment, Robert Pritchett

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The potential influence of aerobic fitness on RPE estimations during extended exercise bouts is not well understood. The current study compared RPE-Overall, RPE-Legs and RPE-Chest between fit (n=7) and unfit (n=6) males. Subjects completed a graded cycling test and then, in a counterbalanced order, on two separate days cycled for 60min (intensity~90% of the Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation (OBLA) - determined via gas exchange indices) at 30}1 degrees Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) and 18}1 degrees WBGT. Heart rate (HR), rectal temperature (Tree) and overall and differentiated RPE estimations were collected every 5 minutes. Repeated measures analyses of variance …

Self Defense Instruction And Its Impact On Physical Self-Efficacy Of Female Cadets At The United States Military Academy, Jason Matthew Winkle

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of self defense instruction of female cadets at the United States Military Academy on their physical self-efficacy. All95 female cadets enrolled in PE115 during the fall of2002 were surveyed on the first and last day of class to determine their levels of perceived physical ability (PPA) and physical self-presentation confidence (PSPC). Both the PP A and the PSPC are subscales ofthe Physical Self-Efficacy Scale (PSE). Completed data were collected from 80 (84 percent) ofthe subjects. Statistical data analysis included descriptive statistics and a 2x2 multivariate analysis of variance (MANOV A). …

Hybridization Between The Watersnakes Nerodia Sipedon And Nerodia Fasciata, In The Carolinas: A Morphological And Molecular Approach, Konrad Mebert

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

A few traditionally applied diagnostic characters of color pattern were compared with an additional set of morphological and genetic characters to evaluate differences between Nerodia sipedon and N. fasciata and to study the dynamics across their hybrid zone in the Carolinas. Many of the morphological characters exhibited significant interspecific differences, although only the number of dorsally complete crossbands (CBa) was diagnostic by itself. A discriminant function analysis of morphological characters was successful in separating both taxa. Species-specific nuclear markers, identified by the AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) technique were nearly fixed and served as diagnostic markers. They revealed extensive introgression …

Hiv Protease Inhibitors Promote Atherosclerotic Lesion Formation Independent Of Dyslipidemia By Increasing Cd36-Dependent Cholesteryl Ester Accumulation In Macrophages, James Dressman, Jeanie Kincer, Sergey V. Matveev, Ling Guo, Richard N. Greenberg, Theresa Guerin, David Meade, Xiang-An Li, Weifei Zhu, Annette M. Uittenbogaard, Melinda E. Wilson, Eric J. Smart

Physiology Faculty Publications

Protease inhibitors decrease the viral load in HIV patients, however the patients develop hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and atherosclerosis. It has been assumed that protease inhibitor–dependent increases in atherosclerosis are secondary to the dyslipidemia. Incubation of THP-1 cells or human PBMCs with protease inhibitors caused upregulation of CD36 and the accumulation of cholesteryl esters. The use of CD36-blocking antibodies, a CD36 morpholino, and monocytes isolated from CD36 null mice demonstrated that protease inhibitor–induced increases in cholesteryl esters were dependent on CD36 upregulation. These data led to the hypothesis that protease inhibitors induce foam cell formation and consequently atherosclerosis by upregulating CD36 and …

Changes In Neuromuscular Function In Collegiate Sprinters During An Indoor Season, Jack W. Skaggs

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in neuromuscular function through the use of the Hoffman Reflex in male Division I collegiate sprinters during an indoor competitive season. Design: a 2 X 4 factorial design. The independent variables in this study were groups (Sprint and Control) and testing times (base, mid, peak and taper). The dependent variable was the soleus Hreflex, anaerobic power, and body composition. Setting: This study took place in the Exercise Physiology Laboratory located in the Health and Human Performance Building at Indiana State University. Subjects: Ten male Division I collegiate sprinters (age: …

The Response Of The Hoffmann Reflex To Endurance Training In Male Cross-Country Runners, Randall J. Bergman

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Motoneuron pool excitability as measured by the Hoffinann reflex (H-reflex) in endurance-trained subjects has been shown to differ from their untrained counterparts. Further, the effects of endurance training on the H-reflex are equivocal. Objective: To determine if differences exist in the motoneuron pool excitability of the soleus in highly trained endurance athletes due to the effect of endurance training. Design: A 2 X 3 factorial design with repeated measures. Setting: This study took place in the Exercise Physiology Laboratory located in the Health and Human Performance Building on the Indiana State University campus. Subjects: Eleven male cross-country team members (XC; …

A Correlational Analysis Of Anthropometric Measures And Selected Blood, Immune And Endocrine Indices In Adult Males, Janet Tracey Peterson

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Over the past few decades it has become apparent that increased body weight, specifically body fat, coupled with a sedentary lifestyle is associated with an increased risk for chronic disorders such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Researchers are now re-directing their focus on determining the cause of these relationships from an epidemiological view to a more biological or physiological standpoint. The purpose of this cross sectional study was to examine associations among obesity, physical activity and select immune, endocrine and metabolic parameters identified as risk factors for several chronic conditions. Ninety-one healthy males between the ages of 19 and 45 …

Linder-Aronson S Analysis Using Rhinomanometry And Newtom, Noel Moser

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Investigations into the effects of airway patency on craniofacial development are essential to ensure that interceptive orthodontic treatment provides the maximum benefit to the patient. The aims of this study were to (1) compare the size of the nasopharyngeal airway space on lateral cephalometric and 3D volumetric radiographs to determine if volumetric scans can be of greater diagnostic value than a lateral cephalometric film in determining the degree of airway blockage or patency and (2) to examine the correlation between functional airway resistance, as evaluated by rhinomanometry, and radiographic constriction due to nasal turbinate and adenoid size.

Twenty-eight subjects from …

The Effects Of A 10-Week Exercise Program On Physiological Variables And Quality Of Life In Type 2 Diabetes, David Robb Holton

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the interaction between psychological and physiological parameters before and after a 10-week, aerobic training study of sedentary diabetic individuals and sedentary controls. Tests measuring physiological parameters (interstitial NO, blood flow, lactate threshold, VO₂ peak and glycosylated hemoglobin) and a quality of life survey were completed before and after training. Nine previously sedentary diabetic (DE, diabetic exerciser) and 10 control sedentary subjects (CE, control exerciser) engaged in 10 weeks of supervised aerobic exercise. A non-training diabetic group (DS, diabetic sedentary, n=12) and a non-training control group (CS, control sedentary, n=I0) were also …

Focal Temperature Change Facilitates The Peak-To-Peak Soleus Hoffmann Reflex And Muscle Response, Bentley Andrew Krause

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Objective: Cryotherapy is a widely used rehabilitative modality in sports medicine. Cooling joint tissues has been observed to facilitate active exercise following injury. Mechanisms effecting motoneuron recruitment during and following cryotherapy are presumed to be both local and central in nature. Focal cooling facilitates motoncuron pool recruitment and may alter the excitability of motoncurons. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if changes in focal temperature alter the characteristics of the maximum peak-to-peak Hoffmann reflex (Hmax) and muscle response (Mmax). Design and setting: A 4x5 factorial design with repeated measures on time was used in this study. Hmax and …

Direct And Indirect Excitation Of Laterodorsal Tegmental Neurons By Hypocretin/Orexin Peptides: Implications For Wakefulness And Narcolepsy, Sophie Burlet, Christopher Tyler, Christopher S. Leonard

NYMC Faculty Publications

Compelling evidence links the recently discovered hypothalamic peptides Hypocretin/Orexin (Hcrt/Orx) to rapid eye movement sleep (REM) control and the sleep disorder narcolepsy, yet how they influence sleep-related systems is not well understood. We investigated the action of Hcrt/Orx on mesopontine cholinergic (MPCh) neurons of the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT), a target group whose function is altered in canine narcolepsy and appears pivotal for normal REM and wakefulness. Extracellular recordings from mouse brainstem slices revealed that Hcrt/Orx evoked prolonged firing of LDT neurons. Whole-cell recordings revealed that Hcrt/Orx had actions on both presynaptic neurons and at postsynaptic sites. Hcrt/Orx produced an …

Enhancement Of Anti-Hiv-1 Ribozyme Activities By Rev Binding And Multimerization, Yuksel Yildiz

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

To effectively apply hammerhead ribozymes as therapeutic agents it is necessary to co-localize them with the desired target. Human immunodeficiency virus type1 (HIV- 1) infectivity is dependent on env gene expression. HIV-1 Rev protein binds to a higher ordered RNA structure within the env transcript termed the Rev Binding Element (RBE). In anti-HIV gene therapy employing ribozymes to increase the co-localization of anti- HIV ribozymes with target HIV mRNAs, it has been proposed that when the native HIV- 1 RBE is appended to a ribozyme as a decoy molecule, simultaneous binding of Rev monomers to the RBE sequences in both …

A Comparison Of Hot Packs And Light Or Moderate Exercise On Rectus Femoris Temperature, Sean J. Sreniawski

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Context: Hot packs, light exercise, and or moderate exercise are used to heat soft tissue injuries before rehabilitation or competition for their desired effects. This comparison is beneficial to clinicians, so that they may be better educated on the use of the most effective therapeutic modality heating protocols when treating a soft tissue injury. Objective: To compare the application of a hot pack to light intensity exercise and moderate intensity exercise on peak temperature of the rectus femoris muscle, and the time at which peak temperature is reached. Design: A 1 x 3 factorial design was used in this study. …

Development Of A Model For Infective Endocarditis Via Intravenous Injection And Tooth Infection Of Rats Using Pathogenic Bacteria, Shahrokh Shabahang

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Historically, focal areas of infection have been linked to a number of systemic ailments. During the early part of the 20th century, patients who were suffering from inexplicable diseases and who were suspected of having infected teeth were referred to the dentist for multiple extraction of their dentition. The discovery of antibiotics provided a false sense of security that the war against microorganisms is no longer a concern for mankind. However, more recently, it has become common belief that increasing numbers of systemic diseases are linked to chronic infections. Recovery of bacteria from representative tissues has led investigators to believe …

Ultrasound Based Quantitative Motion Measurement Using Speckle Size Estimation, James D. Hamilton, Larry Y. L. Mo, Gregory R. Bashford

Biomedical Imaging and Biosignal Analysis Laboratory

An ultrasound system determines the relative movement in a first direction (F1) of first matter, such as blood flow, and second matter, such as an artery wall, in a subject under study (S). A beam (B1) of ultrasound waves defining a plurality of beam positions (BP1 and BP2) and beam axes (A1 and A2) are moved in scan direction having components parallel to direction F1. First and second blocks of data representing the first and second matter, respectively, are generated. A processor (20) performs an estimation of speckle size on first data to obtain a first result, and performs analysis …

A Disengaging Metal Spike And Putting Green Quality, C. Jayne Brahler, Joe Macgowan, Marjorie Kapper, Katie Murphy, Mike Pequignot, Cristi Seidelson, Vicki Denlinger, Carrie Crites

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

Over the past few years, some disadvantages to alternative spikes have surfaced. The amount of damage to putting surfaces is in question, but the damage may not be noticed immediately, as it is with the conventional 8-mm length metal spike. The present study questions the effect of alternative spikes on putting green quality and ball roll.

Estrogen Regulation Of The Pregnant Baboon Placental 11Β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (11Β-Hsd)-Catalyzed Metabolism Of Cortisol And Cortisone And Its Effect On The Development Of The Fetal Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis, William Adair Davies

Theses and Dissertations in Biomedical Sciences

Pepe and Albrecht previously demonstrated that the estrogen-regulated change in transuteroplacental metabolism of cortisol (F) and cortisone (E) from preferential reduction (E to F) at midgestation to oxidation (F to E) near term results in a decline of bioactive cortisol crossing the placenta and reaching the fetus culminating in activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis of the baboon and the ontogenesis of rate-limiting steroidogenic enzymes culminating in de novo F secretion. Protein kinase A (PK-A) activity in the baboon fetal adrenal gland cytosolic fraction was increased 2-fold both at term [day 165 of gestation (term = 184 days)] and following …

Impaired Fast-Spiking, Suppressed Cortical Inhibition, And Increased Susceptibility To Seizures In Mice Lacking Kv3.2 K+ Channel Proteins, David Lau, Eleazar Vega-Saenz De Miera, Diego Contreras, Alan Chow, Richard Paylor, Christopher S. Leonard, Bernardo Rudy

NYMC Faculty Publications

Voltage-gated K(+) channels of the Kv3 subfamily have unusual electrophysiological properties, including activation at very depolarized voltages (positive to -10 mV) and very fast deactivation rates, suggesting special roles in neuronal excitability. In the brain, Kv3 channels are prominently expressed in select neuronal populations, which include fast-spiking (FS) GABAergic interneurons of the neocortex, hippocampus, and caudate, as well as other high-frequency firing neurons. Although evidence points to a key role in high-frequency firing, a definitive understanding of the function of these channels has been hampered by a lack of selective pharmacological tools. We therefore generated mouse lines in which one …

Chronic Hypoxia, Exercise Training, And Skeletal Muscle Capillarity: Angiogenic Regulation And Morphological Consequences, Ivan Mark Olfert

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Angiogenesis is important in health and disease. In particular, exercise training is known to increase skeletal muscle capillarity, providing there is sufficient training intensity. The stimulus for this may be intracellular hypoxia activating angiogenic growth factor gene expression. Acute hypoxia alone has been shown to increase the gene expression of several key angiogenic regulators, e.g. vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and to a lesser degree transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), an endogenous negative angiogenic regulator. Paradoxically, however, chronic hypoxia is generally not found to increase mammalian skeletal muscle capillarity. Accordingly, we hypothesized that …

Method And Apparatus For Adaptive Filtering By Counting Acoustic Sample Zeroes In Ultrasound Imaging, Gregory R. Bashford, Edward D. Nonnweiler, David D. Becker, David John Muzilla

Biomedical Imaging and Biosignal Analysis Laboratory

An ultrasound imaging system having an adaptive spatial filter the filter coefficients of which, for particular image parameter sample, are determined by counting the number of neighboring image parameter samples having zero or near-zero values. If the number of zero or near-zero values in a data window is greater than a predetermined threshold, the data in the window is passed, not filtered. This filter has two advantages over other spatial filters. First, image parameter data samples having only zero or near-zero neighboring values (i.e., isolated "point noise") are not smeared. Second, boundaries such as the edge of color in a …

Interactions Of Igf-Ii And Cathepsin D In Mcf-7 Breast Cancer Cells, Jesika S. Faridi

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A primary role of the IGF-II/M6P receptor is to target lysosomal enzymes from the golgi to the lysosomes. This receptor has distinct binding sites for IGF-II and M6P, however, reciprocal interactions between these ligands have been observed (Kiess et al. 1989, 1990). Since IGF-II modulates the routing of cathepsin D in MCF-7 cells by blocking the intracellular binding of cathepsin D to the IGF-II/M6P receptor (De León et al. 1996), we hypothesized that expressing a mutant form of IGF-II that does not bind the IGF-II/M6P receptor will not interfere with lysosomal enzyme trafficking.

In our present study, we report the …

Role Of Lipolysis And Lipogenesis In The Development Of Diet-Induced Obesity, Michael John Davies

Theses and Dissertations in Biomedical Sciences

Obesity is an increasingly common public health problem with approximately one-half of the American adult population overweight and one-quarter considered obese. This alarming trend has led researchers to determine potential causative factors of excess weight gain in humans. However, it is difficult to discern whether perturbations that result in obesity are the cause or simply the result of the obese state. Diet-induced obesity is one of the animal models that allow researchers to address temporal issues. Our laboratory utilizes a diet-induced obesity model in which Sprague-Dawley rats are placed on a purified moderately high fat diet and ultimately diverge into …

An Ultrastructural Survey Of The Nuchal Glands Of Rhabdophis Tigrinus (Serpentes: Colubridae), Kathleen A. Roberts

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Rhabdophis tigrinus, an Asian natricine snake, possesses a series of integumentary glands located in the nuchal skin. Previous studies indicated that the nuchal glands are of mesodermal origin, contain cardiac steroids analogous to bufotoxins found in the parotoid glands of toads, which are included in the snake's diet. The nuchal glands are defensive in function. Preliminary histological studies revealed differences in quality of the gland tissue compared to previous studies, and difference in fixation techniques were suspected. Seven specimens of R. tigrinus were fixed by perfusion using a conservative fixation process standard for electron microscopy. The nuchal gland series …

Method And Apparatus For Controlling Acoustic Signal Bandwidth In An Ultrasonic Diagnostic Imaging System, Jeffrey R. Resnick, Gregory R. Bashford

Biomedical Imaging and Biosignal Analysis Laboratory

An ultrasonic imaging system includes a receive beamformer that generates analog receive signals and a scan converter. A receive signal processing path interconnects the receive beamformer and the scan converter, and this processing path included both an A/D converter characterized by a selectable sampling rate and at least one filter characterized by at least one filter parameter. The filter parameter is selected as a function of the sampling rate to provide enhanced image quality.

Expression And Requirement Of Epithelial Fatty Acid- Binding Protein In Neuronal Axon Growth, Gregory William Allen

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Epithelial fatty acid-binding protein (E-FABP) is expressed in the dorsal root ganglia following sciatic nerve injury and in migrating and differentiating neurons during neuronal development. It was hypothesized that E-FABP expression is required for the robust outgrowth of axons from developing and regenerating neurons. To test this hypothesis, E-FABP expression in both PC12 cells and primary retinal neurons was examined. In PC12 cells, NGF induces E-FABP mRNA and protein during the period of neurite outgrowth, and E-FABP localizes to the perinuclear cytoplasm, nucleus, and growth cone. Furthermore, E-FABP-deficient cell lines exposed to NGF were less differentiated and had shorter neurites …

Method And Apparatus For Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Imaging Of Biopsy Needle, Syed Omar Ishrak, Mir Said Seyed-Bolorforosh, William Thomas Hatfield, Todd Michael Tillman, Brian Peter Geiser, Gregory R. Bashford, Michael Joseph Washburn

Biomedical Imaging and Biosignal Analysis Laboratory

A method and an apparatus for three-dimensional ultrasound imaging of a needle-like instrument, such as a biopsy needle, inserted in a human body. The instrument is visualized by transmitting ultrasound beams toward the instrument and then detecting the echo signals using a linear array of transducer elements. The problem of ultrasound being reflected from a biopsy needle in a direction away from the transducer array is solved by steering the transmitted ultrasound beams t increase the angle at which the beams impinge upon the biopsy needle. Ideally the ultrasound beams are perpendicular to the needle. This increases the system's sensitivity …