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Articles 31 - 48 of 48
Full-Text Articles in Environmental Health
Symbiotic Associations Between Vibrio Cholerae And Copepods And Their Potential Public Health Impact, Gretchen Boria Pérez
Symbiotic Associations Between Vibrio Cholerae And Copepods And Their Potential Public Health Impact, Gretchen Boria Pérez
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Vibrio cholerae O1 concentrate in copepods by attaching to their chitinous exoskeleton and gut, making these planktonic crustaceans participants in the spread of cholera in marine and estuarine environments. The role of the symbiosis in the spread of gastrointestinal disease caused by non-O1 serotypes has not been well-studied in fresh water systems. The goal of these studies was to determine whether symbiotic association of V. cholerae with copepods affects virulence of hemolysin/cytolysin toxin, suspected in V. cholerae non-O1 related morbidity. The reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the relative transcriptional response of hlyA, encoding hemolysin, by a non-O1 strain …
Perfluorinated Compounds, Thyroid Function, And Neuropsychological Status In Older Residents Of Upper Hudson River Communities, Srishti Shrestha
Perfluorinated Compounds, Thyroid Function, And Neuropsychological Status In Older Residents Of Upper Hudson River Communities, Srishti Shrestha
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are widespread in the environment. Minimal data exist regarding the neurotoxicity and thyroid disruptive property of PFCs in aging populations and the possible mediating effects of thyroid hormones (THs). In this study, we assessed associations among PFCs, thyroid function, and neuropsychological status, and determined if the neurotoxic effects of PFCs are mediated by changes in THs in an aging population. We measured perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total thyroxine (T4), free T4 (fT4), and total triiodothyronine (T3) in serum and performed neuropsychological tests in men and women aged 55-74 years and living …
Exposure Assessment And Risk Management Of Engineered Nanoparticles : Investigation In Semiconductor Wafer Processing, Michele Shepard
Exposure Assessment And Risk Management Of Engineered Nanoparticles : Investigation In Semiconductor Wafer Processing, Michele Shepard
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are currently used in hundreds of commercial products and industrial processes, with more applications being investigated. Nanomaterials have unique properties that differ from bulk materials. While these properties may enable technological advancements, the potential risks of ENMs to people and the environment are not yet fully understood. Certain low solubility nanoparticles are more toxic than their bulk material, such that existing occupational exposure limits may not be sufficiently protective for workers. Risk assessments are currently challenging due to gaps in data on the numerous emerging materials and applications as well as method uncertainties and limitations.
Exposure To Persistent Organic Pollutants And Metabolic Diseases, Zafar Zayirovich Aminov
Exposure To Persistent Organic Pollutants And Metabolic Diseases, Zafar Zayirovich Aminov
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Background: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of diseases that tend to occur together, including diabetes, hypertension, central obesity, cardiovascular disease and hyperlipidemia. Exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been associated with increased risk of development of several of the components of the MetS.
Development And Assessment Of Analytical Methods For Monitoring Current And Historical Exposures To Manganese : Blood, Urine, And Teeth, Meredith Lyn Praamsma
Development And Assessment Of Analytical Methods For Monitoring Current And Historical Exposures To Manganese : Blood, Urine, And Teeth, Meredith Lyn Praamsma
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Manganese, as an essential trace element, is a cofactor in numerous enzymes that aid in bone growth, cholesterol synthesis, and carbohydrate metabolism. Manganese can become toxic with overexposure, potentially leading to neurodegenerative effects and the disease manganism. Manganese concentrations in blood and urine have been widely used in monitoring current exposure and now there is interest in using manganese concentrations in teeth for monitoring historical exposure, especially in utero and in early childhood.
Impact Of Black Carbon On Global Climate : A Half-Century Of Arctic Black Carbon -- Trends And Sources, Anthony Michael Dejulio
Impact Of Black Carbon On Global Climate : A Half-Century Of Arctic Black Carbon -- Trends And Sources, Anthony Michael Dejulio
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Abstract
Assessment Of Human Exposure To Perchlorate And Perfluoroalkyl Substances In The United States : Biomonitoring And Environmental Monitoring Approaches, Qian Wu
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Perchlorate is an oxidant in solid fuels and explosives and is produced in large quantities worldwide. Perchlorate is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant and is present in water, food, indoor environment and humans. Human exposure to perchlorate is a concern due to its ability to disrupt the thyroid gland functions.
Short-Term Associations Between Pm2.5, Black Carbon, Delta-C, And Cardiovascular Diseases In A Large Developing Megacity, Daniel Malashock
Short-Term Associations Between Pm2.5, Black Carbon, Delta-C, And Cardiovascular Diseases In A Large Developing Megacity, Daniel Malashock
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Introduction: Association between ambient air pollution and cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been demonstrated by many epidemiological studies in developed countries, however few studies have been performed in developing countries of Asia.
Trace Element Analysis Of Environmental And Clinical Materials Using Novel Instrumentation Based On X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry : New Capabilities For Public Health Laboratories, Kathryn G. Mcintosh
Trace Element Analysis Of Environmental And Clinical Materials Using Novel Instrumentation Based On X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry : New Capabilities For Public Health Laboratories, Kathryn G. Mcintosh
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry is a well-established analytical technique for determining the elemental content of many different materials. XRF has long been used for public health applications, particularly for identifying lead-based paint hazards. The primary advantage of XRF over other atomic spectrometric techniques is that it is nondestructive. In addition, little sample preparation is required, so results are obtained rapidly and at low cost. The principal aim of this study was to characterize the utility and reliability of current XRF instrumentation for use in the environmental health sciences. Interest in the use of XRF for detecting lead in children's toys …
Occupational Exposure And Risk Of Skin Cancer In A Multinational European Study, Simona Surdu
Occupational Exposure And Risk Of Skin Cancer In A Multinational European Study, Simona Surdu
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) comprise more than one third of all cancers, and are increasing worldwide. The most common NMSC are Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC). Studies on humans and animals suggest that sunlight and arsenic play important roles in the pathogenesis of these skin malignancies. However, the number of epidemiological studies focusing on NMSC in workers exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation or airborne arsenic is limited, and the findings are contradictory.
Association Between Chemical Constituents Of Particulate Matter And Cardiovascular And Respiratory Morbidities In Nys, Rena Jones
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Improved understanding of health risks from short- and long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) constituents may explain seasonal and geographic heterogeneity in PM2.5-health associations and inform control efforts targeting PM sources. Few studies have examined PM species health effects; most have been limited by their exposure assessments and modeling approaches. The goals of this project were to improve the PM exposure assessment and explore relationships between PM2.5 species and health in acute and chronic contexts.
Evaluation Of The Short- And Long- Term Drinking Water Sustainability Programs For Point Water Sources And Public Water Supplies (Pws) In Developing Countries : Case Study Of Uganda, Shedrack R. Nayebare
Evaluation Of The Short- And Long- Term Drinking Water Sustainability Programs For Point Water Sources And Public Water Supplies (Pws) In Developing Countries : Case Study Of Uganda, Shedrack R. Nayebare
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Providing quantity and quality potable water in Uganda and other developing countries is still significantly problematic. This project aimed at identifying and prioritizing possible actions on how sustainable and high quality potable water in Uganda's water supply systems could be improved. A review of both the current water supply systems and Ugandan government programs was completed in an effort to describe the existing state of Uganda's water supply. Aspects of quantity, quality, treatment methods, infrastructure, storage and distribution of water for the different water systems were assessed. These characteristics were compared to water supply systems and regulations in the U.S., …
Seafood Consumption And Use Of Asian Herbal Preparation As A Source Of Exposure To Multiple Trace Elements In The Study Of Metals And Assisted Reproductive Technologies (Smart), Dongsul Kim
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
As, Cd, Cs, Hg, Pb, and Zn may be associated with in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes. Seafood and Asian herbal preparations are identified as sources of exposure to these essential and non-essential trace elements in humans. The goal of the study is to assess associations between seafood consumption and the use of Asian herbal preparations and levels of essential and non-essential trace elements in biologic specimens collected from couples undergoing IVF. Fifty-nine couples completing a first IVF cycle at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Center for Reproductive Health were recruited to participate in the Study of Metals and …
Retrieval Of Atmospheric Elemental Carbon Records Using Lake Sediments : Implications In Radiative Forcing, Tanveer Ahmed
Retrieval Of Atmospheric Elemental Carbon Records Using Lake Sediments : Implications In Radiative Forcing, Tanveer Ahmed
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Elemental or black carbon (EC or BC) aerosols produced during incomplete combustion strongly absorb solar radiation and contribute to global warming, and cause cardiopulmonary disease. Long-term atmospheric EC measurements, [EC]atm, are needed to validate global climate models to estimate the impact of EC on earth's temperature. Such data is sparse.
Preparation And Application Of Transgenic And Knockout Mouse Models For Studies On Cytochrome P450 Functions, Yuan Wei
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The overall objective of this dissertation is to study the in vivo function of microsomal cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), which metabolize numerous drugs, chemical carcinogens, environmental pollutants, as well as endogenous signaling molecules such as steroid hormones and eicosanoids. The major research tool of this study involves the development of transgenic and knockout mouse models. The specific aims are 1) to study the in vivo function of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and CPR-dependent enzymes using a mouse model with a reversible hypomorphic Cpr gene; 2) to study the in vivo function of CYP2A13 with a CYP2A13- transgenic model; and 3) …
Arsenic Speciation Analysis Of Biological Fluids : A Study Of Liquid Chromatography Coupled To Analytical Atomic Spectrometric Instrumentation, Kanna Ito
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Arsenic exists as many different chemical forms including inorganic, methylated and dietary species. The toxicity of these species varies: some are highly toxic and can cause adverse health effects in many parts of the body; others are considered relatively non-toxic. Monitoring arsenic exposure is usually accomplished by its direct measurement in biological fluids. Urine is the specimen of choice for assessing arsenic exposure, because of its short biological half-life in blood. There have been very few studies of arsenic species in blood, yet such research can provide valuable information on arsenic distribution and its metabolism in the body.
Multiple Antibiotic Resistant Staphylococcus Spp. In Environmental Settings, Stephen Shost
Multiple Antibiotic Resistant Staphylococcus Spp. In Environmental Settings, Stephen Shost
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Ninety staphylococci carrying the mecA gene, including 17 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), were isolated from environmental settings within New York State. Waterborne staphylococci harboring mecA were isolated from multiple sources: the Hudson River near a combined sewage overflow; urban streams; freshwater and marine beaches; a swimming pool; swimming pool decks; combined sewage; as well as wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) primary sewage influent, mixed liquor, aeration water, and final (unchlorinated) effluent. Environmental MRSA strains were isolated from beach water (n=3); swimming pool deck water (n=1); Hudson River water (n=2); combined sewage (n=3); as well as wastewater treatment plant mixed …
Biomonitoring Of Perfluorochemicals In Human Blood, Breast Milk, Saliva, And Urine, Lin Tao
Biomonitoring Of Perfluorochemicals In Human Blood, Breast Milk, Saliva, And Urine, Lin Tao
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Perfluorochemicals (PFCs) have been used as surfactants and surface protectors in a large number of consumer products. PFCs have been reported to elicit adverse health effects in laboratory animals and humans, and have been detected in foodstuffs and in human bodies. In this dissertation, analytical methods were developed for the determination of trace levels of PFCs in human blood, dried blood spot, breast milk, saliva, and urine. An assessment of human exposure to PFCs was performed by analyzing human specimens collected from the United States and several Asian countries. Blood, breast milk, and dried blood spots were found to be …