Environmental Health Commons^™

Analysis Of Anthropogenic Effects On Topsoil Throughout The California Polytechnic State University Campus In San Luis Obispo, Brooke L. Hamilton

Earth and Soil Sciences

Soils reflect the health of a landscape, and in many cases carry the burden of anthropogenic activity, continually changing in characteristics such as pH, soil texture, soil structure, carbon:nitrogen ratios (C:N), and chemical composition. In a study sampling six different soils on the California Polytechnic State University campus in San Luis Obispo, these five soil characteristics were tested for and the results were determined. Soil samples consist of the top 5-10 cm of soil profiles, with sample sites varying according to degree of human contact; the locations the samples were taken from are as follows: (1) Walters Creek Ranch pasture, …

Arsenic Speciation Analysis Of Biological Fluids : A Study Of Liquid Chromatography Coupled To Analytical Atomic Spectrometric Instrumentation, Kanna Ito

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Arsenic exists as many different chemical forms including inorganic, methylated and dietary species. The toxicity of these species varies: some are highly toxic and can cause adverse health effects in many parts of the body; others are considered relatively non-toxic. Monitoring arsenic exposure is usually accomplished by its direct measurement in biological fluids. Urine is the specimen of choice for assessing arsenic exposure, because of its short biological half-life in blood. There have been very few studies of arsenic species in blood, yet such research can provide valuable information on arsenic distribution and its metabolism in the body.

Monitoring Of Heavy Metal Loading Into The Wetlands South Of Lake Victoria Basin, Nothern Tanzania, M K D Mutakyahwa, J R Ikingura, G Y S Mtui

Tanzania Journal of Science

The paper discusses sources, concentrations and physicochemical parameters of heavy metals of environmental concern in the wetlands of Lake Victoria basin in Tanzania. The metals investigated include copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co) and mercury (Hg). These metals are released into the wetlands via weathering and erosion of rock formations, mining operations and industrial activities, discharge of municipal and domestic waste, and use of agrochemicals. The levels of these heavy metals in soil, sediment, water, and biota differ. Wetlands impacted by gold mining activities in the South Lake …

Effects Of The Polycyclic Musk Hhcb On Individual- And Population-Level Endpoints In Potamopyrgus Antipodarum, Signe Pedersen, Henriette Selck, Daniel Salvito, Valery E. Forbes

Valery Forbes Publications

Although the polycyclic musk 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta[γ]-2-benzopyran (HHCB) is frequently detected in aquatic sediments, very little is known about its effects on sediment-feeding organisms. Effects of sediment-associated HHCB on growth, feeding rate, survival and reproduction in the gastropod Potamopyrgus antipodarum were measured in the laboratory. Snails were exposed to six nominal HHCB concentrations: 0, 0.1, 1, 10, 30 and 100 μg g−1 dry weight (dw) sediment. Adult survival and growth were not affected by HHCB. However, juvenile growth and survival, reproduction, time to first reproduction and adult feeding rate were more sensitive endpoints and declined with increasing HHCB concentration. Individual-level endpoints for …

Evaluating Acute Toxicity Of Cadmium To Chironomid Using Hemoglobin As A Molecular Biomarker, Jun Taek Oh

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Effects of cadmium (Cd), a heavy metal contaminant, on hemoglobin were investigated in aquatic midge fly larvae of the Family, Chironomidae. In this study, chironomid populations from one polluted site, Kearny Marsh, New Jersey, two reference sites, North East Creek, and Bass Harbor, ME, and a laboratory population were taxonomically identified and tested for their sensitivity to Cd. Heavy metals in tissue, water and sediment were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Water quality at each site was assessed by measuring pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), oxidation-reduction potential ( eH), salinity and temperature. Hemoglobin proteins in individual larvae were easily detected using …

Development And Recycling Of Novel Arsenic Removal Technology, Morgan Jones

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

As of 2006, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) changed the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for arsenic from 50 parts per billion (ppb), to 10ppb because of links to cancer. Current remediation technologies are expensive; therefore, this change will result in increased economic pressure on rural communities with high levels of arsenic in their drinking water. Lowering of the standard has spurred the development of a novel remediation technology that has shown the ability to reduce arsenic in drinking water at the source, with the added benefit of low-cost disposal of a stable and benign waste product in ordinary landfills. …

Smoking, Anemia, And Risk Of Oral Clefts In Utah, Melinda Michelle Moss

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Cigarette smoke contains sufficient carbon monoxide to induce maternal and fetal hypoxia. Hypoxia is a known teratogen, and consequently maternal smoking has been the focus of many studies on adverse birth outcomes, including cleft lip and palate. Current literature of epidemiological studies on smoking and clefts suggests a modest but statistically significant increase in risk of clefting associated with maternal smoking. A biological condition that may also contribute to hypoxia is anemia. Data from the Utah Child and Family Health Study was used to assess the effects of hypoxia-inducing conditions, maternal smoking, anemia, and their interaction, on the risk of …

Chemical Constitutents And Cytotoxicity Of Some Tanzanian Wild Mushrooms, V. Nyigo, L. D. Baraza, M. H. H. Nkunya, S. J. M. Mdachi, C. C. Joseph, A. Waziri

Tanzania Journal of Science

The sterol ergosterol and ergosta-4,22-diene-3β,7α-diol, together with 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde were isolated from the mushroom species Polyporus molluscensis, Cantharellus isabelinus, C. symoensii and a Podaxis species. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic data. The ethanol extracts of mushroom samples of Agaricus sp. and Termitomyces letestui also showed cytotoxicity against the brine shrimp larvae.

Do Recent Data From The Seychelles Islands Alter The Conclusions Of The Nrc Report On The Toxicological Effects Of Methylmercury?, Alan H. Stern, Joseph L. Jacobson, Louise Ryan, Thomas A. Burke

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

In 2000, the National Research Council (NRC), an arm of the National Academy of Sciences, released a report entitled, "Toxicological Effects of Methylmercury." The overall conclusion of that report was that, at levels of exposure in some fish- and marine mammal-consuming communities (including those in the Faroe Islands and New Zealand), subtle but significant adverse effects on neuropsychological development were occurring as a result of in utero exposure. Since the release of that report, there has been continuing discussion of the public health relevance of current levels of exposure to Methylmercury. Much of this discussion has been linked to …

Heavy Metal Contamination Of Mangrove Sediments And The Associated Biota In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Sd Mremi, Jf Machiwa

Tanzania Journal of Science

Mangrove wetlands are efficient in trapping pollutants that may have detrimental effects on mangrove dependent food chains. Mangrove ecosystems that are within urban areas are likely to suffer more from chemical pollution than those in rural areas. Heavy metals in mangrove plant parts, sediments and crabs from mbweni, msimbazi and mtoni mangrove ecosystems in Dar es salaam were analysed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, in order to assess the impact of heavy metal pollution on mangrove biota. Sediment samples from msimbazi and mtoni mangrove areas which are located within the city, had higher levels of pb, zn and cu than …

Optimization Of Edxrf For The Study Of Heavy Metal Pollution Of Lake Victoria, Nk Mahommed, In Makundi

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study reports on the optimisation and calibration of the Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometer installed in the Department of Physics, University of Dar es Salaam. The spectrometer was subsequently utilized to determine concentrations of heavy metals in water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) Solms.) found growing along the shore of Lake Victoria. The optimal conditions and detection limits were determined experimentally by variation of the excitation parameters. The study found that the use of a collimator with two apertures of diameter 4 mm each placed 8 mm apart and made of materials that do not interfere with elements to …

Assessment Of Heavy Metal Pollution In The Lupa Gold Field, Sw Tanzania, S. R. Mnali

Tanzania Journal of Science

The concentrations of AS, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg and Pb were determined in water, stream sediments, soil, and mine tailings from Lupa Gold Field (LGF), SW Tanzania, in order to assess their pollution levels. As, Cd and Cr were determined by automated Graphite Furnace Absorption Spectrophotometry. Cu and Pb were analysed by Air-Acetylene Flame, while Hg was analysed by Cold Vapour Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The mean concentrations obtained were: As: 0.44 ppb (water), 1.2 ppm (sediments), 0.44 ppm (soil) and 5.2 ppm (tailings); Cd: 0.03 ppb (water), 0.03 ppm (sediments), 0.03 ppm (soil) and 0.50 ppm (tailings); Cr: 1.4 ppb …

Heavy Metals In Green Vegetables And Soils From Vegetable Gardens In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, O C Othman

Tanzania Journal of Science

Edible portions of five varieties of green vegetables, namely amaranth, chinese cabbage, cowpea leaves, leafy cabbage and pumpkin leaves, collected from several areas in Dar es Salaam, were analyzed for lead, cadmium, chromium, zinc, nickel and copper. Except for zinc, the levels of heavy metals in the vegetables grown at Tabata area were much higher than in the vegetables from Ukonga and Kiwalani. Amaranth and pumpkin leaves had more than 60% higher content of heavy metals, especially copper, chromium and lead, than the other vegetables. All vegetables from Tabata, Buguruni and Sinza had lead-levels higher then the FAO/WHO recommended permissible …

Heavy Metals And Organic Pollutants In Sediments Of Dar Es Salaam Harbour Prior To Dredging In 1999, J F Machiwa

Tanzania Journal of Science

Heavy metals and organic contaminants were analysed in the sediments of the inner area of the Dar es Salaam harbour. Complementary analytical parameters, such as, the organic carbon content and the silt/clay fraction of the sediments showed good positive correlation (r = 0.64). Stations that had high content of fine grain material in the sediment also indicated relatively high level of organic carbon and pollutants. The Florida criteria (MacDonald 1993) for assessment of pollution of tropical marine sediments was adopted in oredr to evaluate the extent of pollution in Dar es Salaam harbour sediments. The Florida criteria is one of …

Water Quality Relationships To Concentrations Of Pfiesteria-Like Organisms In Virginia Estuaries For 1998, Everett P. Weber, Harold G. Marshall

Virginia Journal of Science

A series of statistical analyses were performed to identify the relationship between abundance of dinoflagellates grouped as Pfiesteria-like organisms and a set of 25 water quality variables from May through October of 1998 at 41 estuarine locations. Although regions were identified in relation to seasonal density of cells present, there were no strong relationships to specific water quality variables. Factors that may have influenced these results included: a) several species were included in the group analyzed and this composite did not respond as a unit to changing environmental conditions; b) cell concentrations were low and there were a large …

Fish Tissue Contamination In Maine Lakes : Data Report, Jeanne Difranco, Linda Bacon, Barry Mower, David Courtemanch

Maine Collection

Fish Tissue Contamination in Maine Lakes : Data Report

by Jeanne DiFranco, Linda Bacon, Barry Mower and David Courtemanch

Regional Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (REMAP)

State of Maine Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Land and Water Quality, Division of Environmental Assessment, State House Station 17, Augusta, Maine 04333 (September 1995).

Contents: List of Figures and Tables / I. Introduction / II. Goals and Objectives / III. Experimental Design / IV. Methods / V. Data / VI. Quality Assurance-Quality Control / Appendices A-H

State Of Maine Handbook For Hazardous Waste Generators, Department Of Environmental Protection

Maine Collection

State of Maine Handbook for Hazardous Waste Generators

Department of Environmental Protection, Augusta, Maine 1995.

Contents: Introduction to Hazardous Waste / Purpose of This Handbook / Who Generates Hazardous Waste and How? / How Do I Determine If I Generate Hazardous Waste? / Am I a Small Quantity Generator (SQG), an SQG Plus, or a Generator? / Hazardous Waste Management Practices / Manifesting Hazardous Waste / In Summary / Appendix A - D

Validation Of A Bag Sampling Method For 1,3-Butadiene, Lori Eckenrode

Community & Environmental Health Theses & Dissertations

At this time there is no NIOSH approved means for bag sampling 1,3-butadiene. An attempt was made to use the application of cold (0°F) to inhibit the reactivity of the gas prior to analysis. The State of California Air Resources Board has an approved method for the gas chromatographic analysis of 1,3-butadiene from stationary sources. The method was utilized in the application of industrial hygiene monitoring of affected workers. The application of cold was found to be ineffective at inhibiting the highly reactive nature of 1,3-butadiene. Analyte losses were too great to classify the method as an accurate measure of …

Pesticide Use On Apples Grown In Connecticut: 1990, James L. Turner Ii, Candace L. Bartholomew

Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station

No abstract provided.

Bulletin 4241 - Chemical Control Of Insect Pests In Field Crops And Pastures, T. P. Quinn, G. P. Mangano, P. J. Michael

Bulletins 4000 -

Chemicals currently registered in Western Australia for use against pests of field crops and pasture are given in the table below. Trade names are listed alongside each chemical formulation.

Department of Agriculture Bulletin 4185 "Insect and allied pests of extensive fanning" will help you identify the pest(s) through coloured photographs, descriptions and keys. Information on the type of damage, life cycle and control is also provided. Further information is available in Farmnotes on specific pests and on pests of a particular crop.

The Poison Schedule for each product is indicated in the table. Extremely toxic chemicals are labelled as "dangerous …

Bulletin No 4222 - Management Of Properties With Pesticide Residues - Information For Farmers With Properties Affected By Organochlorine Pesticide Residues, Farran Dixon

Bulletins 4000 -

This publication is produced by the Department of Agriculture to help farmers who have been affected by the pesticide residue problem. Some material from previous issues has been included, so that as much information as possible is contained in a single publication. We suggest you keep it as a convenient reference on any aspect of the residue problem.

All owners of affected land are urged to read this publication carefully. This applies to the owners of any land which has a soil organochlorine residue level greater than 0.1 parts per million (ppm).

A management notice will be issued for each …

Book Reviews, Risk Editorial Board

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Reviews of the following books prepared by the editors of Risk on the topic of toxic tort litigation and/or public regulation of toxic substances:

Frank B. Cross, Environmentally Induced Cancer and the Law: Risks, Regulation and Victim Compensation, (1989).

Chemical Contamination and Its Victims: Medical Remedies, Legal Redress, and Public Policy (David W. Schnare & Martin T. Katzman, eds., 1989.

The Role of Science in Toxic Tort Litigation: Evaluating Causation and Risk: Drawn from Papers Presented at the TIPS Annual Meeting, August 1988, Toronto, Canada. Chicago, Ill: Tort and Insurance Practice Section, American Bar Association.

Agenda For Action - Casco Bay, Department Of Environmental Protection

Maine Collection

Agenda For Action - Casco Bay

Department of Environmental Protection, Augusta, Maine (January, 1989)

Contents: Introduction / The Problems : Bacteria, Toxics, Nutrients / The Solutions / Recommendations / References

Maine Nonpoint Source Pollution Assessment Report, Bureau Of Water Quality Control

Maine Collection

Maine Nonpoint Source Pollution Assessment Report

Prepared by the Maine Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Water Quality Control, Augusta, Maine 1989.

Contents: Executive Summary / Introduction / Methodology / Statewide Water Quality Summary / State And Local Agency Programs for Control of Nonpoint Source Pollution / Process for Identification of Best Management Practices and Associated Standards / List of References / List of Figures / List of Tables

Policy For Identifying And Assessing The Health Risks Of Toxic Substances, Maine Bureau Of Health

Maine Collection

Policy for Identifying and Assessing the Health Risks of Toxic Substances

by Norman T. Anderson, Environmental Toxicology Program, Division of Disease Control, Bureau of Health (February, 1988).

Contents: Section I: Introduction / Section II: Methods / Section III: Exposure Assessment / Section IV: Hazard Identification / Section V: Hazard Assessment / Section VI: Risk Characterization / List of Figures / List of Tables

Fisheries Report No 74 - Marine Resources Map Of Western Australia- Part 2 - The Influence Of Oil On Marine Resources And Associated Activities With An Emphasis On Those Found In Western Australia, H. E. Jones

Fisheries Research Reports

Part 1 of the text accompanying the marine resources maps dealt with the resources and the morphological, hydrological and meteorological characteristics of the Western Australian coastal environment. This subsidiary part is concerned with the effects of oil on marine resources and associated commercial and recreational activities.

Accounts of oil on the seas due to natural seepages appeared in Europe in the sixteenth century on the return of Spanish and Portuguese ships from voyages to the Americas. One of the earliest reports of oil pollution from a man-made source was in 1754 when leakages from wooden petroleum barges were prevalent in …

Lead Poisoning Of Sandhill Cranes (Grus Canadensis), R. M. Windingstad, S. M. Kerr, L. N. Locke, J. J. Hurt

Papers in Ornithology

Two wild and two captive sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) were diagnosed by National Wildlife Health Laboratory personnel as having died from lead toxicity. Ingestion of lead fishing weights by the wild cranes and of unspent .22 caliber shell cartidges by the captive cranes were responsible for these deaths. One crane force-fed lead pellets showed an increase of blood lead levels from 0.77 ppm to 23.8 ppm (wet weight) just before its death 15 days following exposure. Liver lead concentrations of sandhill cranes dying of causes other than lead toxicity are presented.

Interbasin Movement Of Ground Water At The Nevada Test Site, Isaac J. Winograd

Publications (WR)

The present paper presents hydraulic evidence for the interbasin circulation of ground water through carbonate rocks of Paleozoic age at the Nevada Test Site. An integral part of this evidence is the discovery that aquifers in alluvium and tuff, formerly thought to be the principal aquifers at the Test Site, are semiperched above a thick tuffaceous aquiclude that separates them from the carbonate rocks.

This paper is based on one of the studies being made by the Geological
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