Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health Commons^™

Adaptation For Whom? Understanding The Impacts Of Dyke Policies On Small-Scale Farmers In Ca Mau Province Of Vietnam, Nguyen Minh Quang, Nguyen Van Minh, Nguyen Vo Chau Ngan, Martha B. Lerski

Publications and Research

Low-lying deltas worldwide are extremely vulnerable to sea-level rise. As the risks of climate-induced flooding become increasingly clear, the thirst for infrastructure-driven adaptation increases. This highlights a patent need to understand the impacts of engineering adaptation solutions, especially those targeting built structures such as dykes and sluices, on farmers from a bottom-up, farmer-centred perspective. The study addresses this call by examining cases where dyke policies, while successful in some dimensions, have undermined small-scale farmer livelihoods in Ca Mau ― Vietnam’s southernmost rural province. It identifies areas in need of attention and adds empirical data related to this group of farmers. …

Lead Bioaccessibility And Commonly Measured Soil Characteristics (Detroit, Mi, Usa) Phase Ii, Conor T. Gowan, Sabrina R. Good, Allison R. Harris, Patrick Crouch, Shawn P. Mcelmurry

Open Data at Wayne State

Urban soil contaminated with anthropogenic sources of Pb is a major contributor to child Pb exposure. To assess the Pb risk in urban areas, composite samples were collected from 142 voluntary privately owned 142 residential parcels in Detroit, Hamtramck, and Highland Park, Michigan. Samples were collected at two time periods, before and after treatment applied for those denoted as treatment sites. Samples were collected from areas covered with turf grass on the parcels from the front, middle and rear sections. Soils were collected with a bulb planter at approximately 10cm depth and were cleaned with a tap water-Liquinox detergent solution …

Racial Health Disparities Among Pregnant Women Of Color In New York City: Biological And Systemic Impacts, Kaylin Peña

Pitzer Senior Theses

Racial Health Disparities Among Pregnant Women of Color in New York City: Biological and Systemic Impacts

Abstract

This thesis aims to explore how racial health disparities, underrepresentation in gynecology, and socioeconomic barriers contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes among women of color in New York City. Through an interdisciplinary approach that combines resources from medical anthropology and human biology, this research will examine the biological implications of chronic stress, specifically HPA axis dysregulation, and its role in maternal health outcomes. With the idea of intersectionality, as conceptualized by Kimberlé Crenshaw, the study analyzes the various effects of systemic inequities and social …

Zinc Or Swim: Investigating Zinc Pollution From Restoration Materials, Megan R. Jensik

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Zinc is an essential nutrient, but can be toxic at high concentrations, negatively affecting various biological functions. Gabions are galvanized metals coated in zinc that are used for many human purposes, including coastal restoration efforts attempting to avoid using plastic materials. However, gabions can degrade in marine environments, potentially leaching metal into the water and soil. There is a knowledge gap regarding the occurrence and impacts of zinc pollution in the areas where these gabions are deployed, including the Indian River Lagoon (IRL). To address this, sediment samples were collected from the IRL and analyzed for their physical and chemical …

Jbs’S Initial Public Offering: Threats To Environmental And Human Rights, Kayla Thompson

Indiana Journal of Law and Social Equality

This paper centers around the decision to be made regarding JBS, the world’s largest meat company, wanting to list shares on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), and the environmental and social impacts that could result from the Security and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) approval. JBS has been at the center of various controversies over the last several years, including sourcing cattle from ranches acquired through illegal deforestation, engaging in greenwashing practices, incorrectly reporting greenhouse gas emissions, and engaging in human rights abuses. Many environmental groups have filed complaints with the SEC concerning JBS’s bid to list on the NYSE. The …

Epilepsy: Etiology And Treatment Methods, Avital Nightingale

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder that is caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Due to the evolution of our understanding of epilepsy and its causes, a variety of therapeutic options have been developed to modulate seizures and limit their occurrence rate. Medication, diet and surgery have been the traditional treatments offered to individuals suffering from epilepsy but the latest advancements in neurotechnology have given patients with drug resistant epilepsy hope by providing options other than surgery. While the disorder is a complex one and its pathogenesis not yet fully understood, recent research has provided insight into the …

Neonatal Immune System Development, Miriam Solomson

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

The immune system is essential for the body’s function and survival, consisting of two main components, the innate and adaptive immune systems. This paper will explore the various components of the neonatal immune system, such as the innate and adaptive or acquired systems, the initial colonization of microbes, and the crucial role of maternal antibodies. Additionally, this paper will delve into the significance of breastfeeding, the influence of different birth methods on gut microbiota, and the success of vaccines on neonates. This research paper’s goal is to provide insight into neonatal immune system development, the various factors that have an …

Mind Over Matter: Do Nootropics Hold The Key To Fighting Alzheimer’S?, Ben Berkowitz

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, memory loss, and impaired daily functioning. Nootropics, a class of cognitive-enhancing compounds, have recently emerged as potential therapeutic agents for mitigating the cognitive impairments associated with AD. This paper reviews the current evidence regarding the efficacy (or lack thereof) of different treatments used in the past for treating Alzheimer’s, including cholinesterase inhibitors and anti-Aβ antibodies. The findings are compared to those using various nootropics, including natural supplements and synthetic compounds, in modulating neurobiological pathways relevant to AD pathology. Mechanisms of action such as neuroprotection, antioxidant activity, acetylcholine modulation, …

Strategies To Address The Growing Impact Of The Antibiotic Resistance Crisis, Rina Balter

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

As time progresses, more bacterial strains are becoming resistant to the antibiotics developed to treat them. Impeding such intractable infections should be a major clinical priority, as previously treatable diseases have begun to incur a fatality rate that will escalate catastrophically unless it is halted. This research paper explores relevant information regarding the advances in developing alternative strategies to antibiotics to combat antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria, within the context of clinical application. Recognizing the profound impact antimicrobial resistance (AMR) will have on patient health enables the implementation of proactive measures to curb the expanding prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. This …

Retinal Vision Restoration, Aharon S. Galandauer

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Retinal degeneration is a leading cause of vision loss worldwide due to the retina’s inability to regenerate specialized cells after injury or stress. This study examines the potential for retinal regeneration by assessing current research on Müller glial cell differentiation and stem cell-based treatments. An analysis of experimental studies and therapeutic advancements highlights the mechanisms observed in regenerative models such as zebrafish and chicks, in contrast to the reactive gliosis and glial scarring observed in humans. Findings suggest that therapies such as optogenetics and stem cell transplantation have partially restored vision; however, their limitations stem from an inability to fully …

Is Placenta Stem Cell Banking Worthwhile?, Chaya Nathan

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Regenerative medicine has gained significant traction due to its potential to repair or replace damaged tissues and organs, with stem cell therapies emerging as a promising avenue for treating various diseases. While bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) are commonly used in clinical settings, their limitations, such as the invasive extraction procedure and limited proliferation capacity, underscore the need for alternative stem cell sources. Placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PDMSCs) represent a promising solution, offering advantages such as greater proliferative capacity, faster expansion rates, and reduced risk of immune rejection compared to adult stem cells. The placenta is a rich source of MSCs, …

Can Organs Be Generated From A Patient’S Own Stem Cells?, David Heimowitz

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

The global shortage of transplantable organs represents a critical medical challenge, with current organ donation systems meeting less than 10% of the worldwide need. This situation has spurred intensive research into regenerative medicine, particularly focusing on the potential of generating organs from a patient’s own stem cells. This review examines the current state of stem cell research and its applications in organ generation, analyzing both the progress made and the challenges that remain. Through a comprehensive analysis of recent literature and clinical trials, the study explores the fundamental principles of stem cell biology, current therapeutic applications, and the role of …

Limb Regeneration In Amphibians & Mammals, Jacob Mamrout

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

This thesis will give an in-depth analysis into the mechanisms of regeneration that amphibians use and how the blastema forms. It will also discuss genes and proteins that play a role including the P53 gene, Transforming Growth Factor Beta, CD59, and others. Regenerative potential of mammals will be discussed using the information found. Findings include that mammals may have regeneration potential because of the ability we have to deactivate certain genes to allow cells to dedifferentiate.

The Bidirectional Gut-Brain Axis: Impact Of Dysbiosis On Depression Through The Hpa Axis, Matan Shiller

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Emerging research suggests that depression is not solely a brain disorder but is deeply influenced by the gut microbiome. The gut-brain axis (GBA) is a bidirectional communication system linking the gastrointestinal system and the brain, modulating mood, behavior, and mental health. Gut microbiota produce metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and tryptophan catabolites, that influence neurotransmission and the stress response via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Dysbiosis, or microbial imbalance, disrupts these pathways, contributing to a major depressive disorder (MDD). Evidence from germ-free animal studies and fecal microbiota transplants (FMT) highlights the role of gut microbiota in emotional regulation and …

Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis And Its Contribution To Carcinogenesis, Daphne Grabie

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

The gut microbiome, a diverse community of microorganisms within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, plays a pivotal role in maintaining health through digestion, immune regulation, and homeostasis. Emerging evidence links gut microbiome dysbiosis—a disruption in its composition and function—to the development and progression of various cancers, particularly within the GI tract. This review explores the multifaceted relationship between the gut microbiome and carcinogenesis, highlighting key microbial mechanisms, including chronic inflammation, production of carcinogenic metabolites, and immune modulation. Specific pathogens such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, Escherichia coli, and Helicobacter pylori are implicated in colorectal, gastric, and esophageal cancers, respectively, through pathways that promote …

Battling Infertility, Shirah Abrahams

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Infertility is a complex condition that affects men and women equally and is defined by failure to achieve pregnancy after a year of trying to conceive. This paper addresses both environmental contributions to infertility, such as the effects of smoking, poor nutrition, and exposure to radiation, as well as biological contributors. Biological factors that contribute to infertility include sperm DNA fragmentation, chromosomal mutations, anovulatory dysfunction, and tubule blockages. This paper delves into various treatment options to improve fertility in both males and females, including medications, lifestyle adaptations, and surgeries. These treatment options can restore and improve ovulatory function, sperm motility …

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Signs, Symptoms, And Intervention, Shoshana Levin

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a specific type of brain injury, often referred to as a concussion. Relying on existing research, this paper will collect the data that is available on concussions, numerous methods of treatment, and the complications of repeated injury. mTBI precipitates a host of cognitive, physical, and emotional symptoms, all of which can severely affect one’s daily life if left untreated. This paper will also address a range of possible treatment methods, including but not limited to acupuncture, cognitive behavioral therapy, and physical therapy. The efficacy of a multifaceted approach to treatment is emphasized, combining opinions …

Full Issue: Volume 18, Number 2, Spring 2025

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Complete .pdf file of Volume 18, Number 2 of The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences. Published Spring 2025.

Can Cystic Fibrosis Be Treated With Genetic Therapy?, Steve Silverberg

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

This paper discusses the current and prospective treatment options for the fatal genetic disease cystic fibrosis. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a rare recessive genetic disorder that is caused by a mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, which codes for a protein that is on the surface of a cell. This protein allows for the flow of chloride, bicarbonate, and sodium ions to pass through the cell wall, bringing water with it. When this protein doesn’t work, the lack of ions and water in extracellular fluid becomes too thick, causing a multitude of problems. The most common …

Implant Alternatives: The Advancements Of Stem Cells In Regenerative Dentistry, Akiva Goldschmidt

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

This research paper explores the potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) within the realm of dentistry, focusing particularly on their ability to repair tissues and regenerate entire teeth. MSCs are significant as they can send differentiation signals to nearby cells and release growth factors such as TGF-β and VEGF, which promote cellular activities necessary for dental repair and regeneration. The paper discusses the traditional methods of dental restoration, such as fillings and implants, and their inherent limitations. It then transitions to exploring innovative strategies that utilize MSCs to overcome these challenges and regenerate tooth structures including enamel, dentin, and periodontal …

Full Issue: Volume 19, Number 1, Fall 2025

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Complete .pdf file of Volume 19, Number 1 of The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences. Published Fall 2025.

Does Chronic Stress Play A Role In The Genesis Of Neurodegenerative Diseases?, Rachelle Halpert

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Chronic stress has been increasingly recognized as a major contributor to the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. This paper explores the correlation between chronic stress and neurodegeneration by reviewing population, clinical, and animal studies. Studies show that long-term stress disrupts the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, impairs hippocampal function, increases oxidative stress, and promotes neuroinflammation. These processes are all implicated in cognitive decline. The mechanisms through which these processes occur are discussed including elevated glucocorticoid levels, shortened telomeres, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the activity of pro-inflammatory microglia. Lastly, potential interventions are reviewed, including lifestyle modifications such …

Can Deadly Toxins Become Tools For Medicine?, Esther Gross

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Natural toxins, long feared as deadly poison, are increasingly being harnessed as powerful medicine. This paper explores the growing role of animal and plant toxins in modern medicine, tracing their use from ancient remedies to cutting-edge biomedical science. Through a study of their biochemical mechanisms, therapeutic applications, and clinical case histories, this paper draws attention to the remarkable specificity and potency of toxin-derived compounds for disease treatment in diabetes, chronic pain, cancer, cardiovascular disease, etc. This paper also investigates the scientific and practical barriers to the universal clinical application of toxins, such as issues of toxicity, cost, stability, and ethical …

Endometriosis & Natural Killer Cell Activity, Orelle Shakarchi

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Endometriosis is a condition found in females of reproductive age. It occurs when tissue, known as the endometrium, grows outside of its designated place- the uterus. It affects the reproductive organs such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and pelvic tissues. Endometriosis patients experience chronic pain and fertility issues. There has been a correlation between low cytotoxicity in Natural Killer (NK) cells and the development of the disease. NK cells are part of the human innate immunity system where they defend the body against tumors and any abnormal cells by performing apostasies A study done by the American Fertility Society, which …

Should Crispr Be Available As A Widespread Gene Therapy For Humans?, Mirel Leifer

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

The CRISPR/Cas gene editing tool was discovered in 2012 and since then has been researched extensively. It has many applications in the research and medical world and has been the topic of many discussions since its discovery. This paper describes several of the advantages of CRISPR; what it has been used for and the potential that it contains. Among those advantages are sickle cell treatment, Alzheimer’s treatment, coupling CRISPR with induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs), and the cancer battle. Also discussed in this paper are number of concerns that surround this new gene therapy. Among those are medical concerns and ethical …

Does Prenatal Stress Have Prenatal And Life-Long Effects?, Miriam Lavizadeh

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Maternal prenatal stress (MPS) has a unique impact on the developing fetus and the child’s life post birth. Pregnancy is a highly anxious time for a lot of women. Many have pregnancy related concerns as well as overall stress from environmental and societal factors. However, this takes a toll on the fetus’s development which can later cause different cognitive and health outcomes in the child. During a time of stress, one’s HPA axis gets activated causing the release of various hormones, particularly cortisol and catecholamines. These hormones can cross the placental barrier called HSD11B2-11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2, exposing the sensitive and …

The Role Of The Gut–Brain Axis In Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Malky Weiss

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

The gastrointestinal (GI) system and the brain share a highly integrated relationship mediated by the gut–brain axis, with implications across a range of medical disciplines. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most prevalent disorder of gut brain interaction (DGBI) which affects a significant portion of the global population, yet its pathophysiology has historically been poorly understood. This review examines the development and maintenance of IBS, drawing on literary sources to explore the gut–brain axis and disease expression which occurs as a result of its dysfunction. Common pathological features of IBS include visceral hypersensitivity, altered serotonin signaling, inappropriate immune activation, and …

What Are The Long-Term Health Implications Of Living Kidney Donation?, Yehudis Fasten

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Living kidney donation is the optimal long-term treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), also known as end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). However, it also raises concerns regarding the long-term health of donors. This paper explores the potential risks that living kidney donors (LKDs) may face, focusing on the potential development of ESRD and post-donation pregnancy risks, especially in relation to established ESRD risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus. It also examines the impact of genetic and familial predispositions, structural kidney changes, and proteinuria as contributors to future decline in kidney function. Concerns including reductions in erythropoietin (EPO) …

Implant Alternatives: The Advancements Of Stem Cells In Regenerative Dentistry, Akiva Goldschmidt

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

This research paper explores the potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) within the realm of dentistry, focusing particularly on their ability to repair tissues and regenerate entire teeth. MSCs are significant as they can send differentiation signals to nearby cells and release growth factors such as TGF-β and VEGF, which promote cellular activities necessary for dental repair and regeneration. The paper discusses the traditional methods of dental restoration, such as fillings and implants, and their inherent limitations. It then transitions to exploring innovative strategies that utilize MSCs to overcome these challenges and regenerate tooth structures including enamel, dentin, and periodontal …

Novel Pharmacotherapies For Treatment-Resistant Depression: Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (Lsd), Eliana Cohen

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Treatment Resistant Depression has become extremely prevalent with 30% of depression cases being unresolvable. Psychedelics specifically Lysergic Acid Diethylamide has been a newfound unconventional approach that has demonstrated significant benefits for depression. LSD is a hallucinogenic drug mainly acting on the serotonin receptors that leads to altered sensory and perception affecting mood. This research paper comprehensively examines animal and human studies on LSD’s healing properties and enduring effects. The studies find that LSD induces neuroplasticity, and alters gene expressions associated with synaptogenesis and neurogenesis. Additionally LSD affects the activity of different neurotransmitters in the central nervous system enhancing mood. Lastly …