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Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health Commons

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2008

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Articles 31 - 50 of 50

Full-Text Articles in Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health

Stability Evaluation Of Celecoxib Nanoemulsion Containing Tween 80, F. Shakeel, S. Baboota, A. Ahuja, J. Ali, M.S. Faisal, S. Shafiq Jan 2008

Stability Evaluation Of Celecoxib Nanoemulsion Containing Tween 80, F. Shakeel, S. Baboota, A. Ahuja, J. Ali, M.S. Faisal, S. Shafiq

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the stability of celecoxib (CXB) using novel nanoemulsion formulation. Optimized nanoemulsion formulation of CXB was prepared by low energy emulsification method, stability studies were performed for the perio...


Preparation And Stability Of Butterfly Pea Color Extract Loaded In Microparticles Prepared By Spray Drying, Angkana Tantituvanont, Pornpen Werawatganone, Pacharaporn Jiamchaisri, Kasorn Manopakdee Jan 2008

Preparation And Stability Of Butterfly Pea Color Extract Loaded In Microparticles Prepared By Spray Drying, Angkana Tantituvanont, Pornpen Werawatganone, Pacharaporn Jiamchaisri, Kasorn Manopakdee

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Butterfly pea is one of the most interesting sources of natural color used in food and cosmetics. Anthocyanins are the main coloring compounds in its petals and could be extracted easily with water. The pH of medium, temperature, and light were found to ...


Author Index, Keyword Index, N/A Jan 2008

Author Index, Keyword Index, N/A

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

No abstract provided.


Ecotoxicological Investigations Of Pharmaceutical Compounds On A Battery Of Freshwater Test Species., Elaine Minagh Jan 2008

Ecotoxicological Investigations Of Pharmaceutical Compounds On A Battery Of Freshwater Test Species., Elaine Minagh

Masters

Currently interest in pharmaceuticals as potential environmental contaminants has increases significantly. This is due to the awareness of the possible adverse effects to human health and the environment caused by such contaminants. Within the past few years, the highly prescribed antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), have received attention as their occurrence in the environment has been recently documented. Prior to this, there was very little known about the ecotoxicity of SSRIs, and in particular sertraline hydrochloride. Similarly the cholesterol-lowering drugs, known as statins are among the most frequently prescribed agents in Ireland and worldwide for the treatment of coronary …


Mixture Toxicity Of Three Toxicants With Similar And Dissimilar Modes Of Action To Daphnia Magna, Kristian Syberg, Anders Elleby, Henrik Pedersen, Nina Cedergreen, Valery E. Forbes Jan 2008

Mixture Toxicity Of Three Toxicants With Similar And Dissimilar Modes Of Action To Daphnia Magna, Kristian Syberg, Anders Elleby, Henrik Pedersen, Nina Cedergreen, Valery E. Forbes

Valery Forbes Publications

Mixture toxicity of similar- and dissimilar-acting toxicants can be predicted by the models concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) using single substance toxicity data. Knowledge of the toxicants mode of action is thus required in order to use the models. In order to test the predictive capability of the models, we conducted Daphnia magna 48 h immobilization experiments with three toxicants with known modes of action (dimethoate, pirimicarb and linear alkyl benzene sulfonate) singly, and in binary and ternary mixtures. Our results indicate that CA and IA predict binary mixtures of similar- and dissimilar-acting toxicants equally well. CA and …


Superfeminization As An Effect Of Bisphenol A In Marisa Cornuarietis & Response From Forbes Et Al. To Oehlmann Et Al., Jörg Oehlmann, Ulrike Schulte-Oehlmann, Jean Bachmann, Matthias Oetken, Ilka Lutz, Werner Kloas, Valery E. Forbes, John Aufderheide, Ryan Warbritton, Nelly Van Der Hoeven, Norbert Caspers Jan 2008

Superfeminization As An Effect Of Bisphenol A In Marisa Cornuarietis & Response From Forbes Et Al. To Oehlmann Et Al., Jörg Oehlmann, Ulrike Schulte-Oehlmann, Jean Bachmann, Matthias Oetken, Ilka Lutz, Werner Kloas, Valery E. Forbes, John Aufderheide, Ryan Warbritton, Nelly Van Der Hoeven, Norbert Caspers

Valery Forbes Publications

[Oehlmann et al.]: Recently, we had the opportunity to read two articles in volume 66 of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. Forbes et al. (2007a, , 2007b) declare “to explore the reproducibility of prior work” showing that bisphenol A (BPA) induces superfeminization in the freshwater snail Marisa cornuarietis (Oehlmann et al., 2000, 2006; Schulte- Oehlmann et al., 2001). Based on the outcome of a toxicity test with the same species, the authors conclude that their results “do not support previous claims of enhanced reproduction in M. cornuarietis in response to exposure to BPA.” We take issue with the declaration of …


Life History And Population Dynamics Of The Opportunistic Polychaete Capitella Sp. I In Relation To Sediment Organic Matter, Tina Ramskov, Valery E. Forbes Jan 2008

Life History And Population Dynamics Of The Opportunistic Polychaete Capitella Sp. I In Relation To Sediment Organic Matter, Tina Ramskov, Valery E. Forbes

Valery Forbes Publications

Capitella sp. I is a deposit-feeding polychaete that occurs in estuarine and marine environments and that shows boom-bust population dynamics in response to organic pollution. A lifecycle experiment was carried out to quantify the relative importance of individual life-history traits for driving the dynamics of Capitella sp. I populations in response to changes in sediment organic matter concentrations. Individual-level effects were estimated as changes in survival, reproductive characteristics, and growth. Effects at the population-level were assessed by integrating the measured life-history traits in a simple 2-stage demographic model that was used to estimate the population growth rate (λ). Low organic …


Plankton Stress Responses From Pah Exposure And Nutrient Enrichment, Morten Hjorth, Valery E. Forbes, Ingela Dahllöf Jan 2008

Plankton Stress Responses From Pah Exposure And Nutrient Enrichment, Morten Hjorth, Valery E. Forbes, Ingela Dahllöf

Valery Forbes Publications

The hypothesis that the nature and force of PAH stress responses from plankton systems are coupled to the nutrient status of that system was tested in a mesocosm experiment. Four treatments were applied consisting of control (Cn), pyrene exposed (Py). nutrient spiked (Nu), and nutrient spiked and pyrene exposed (NuPy) groups in replicate bags (n = 3) representing plankton communities including bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton. Regardless of nutrient status, all the Py mesocosms were affected directly with decreases in chlorophyll α concentrations to 20 % of control values on Day 1. Primary production was also significantly lower (< 50 %) than Cn communities in both Py and NuPy communities after the first pyrene exposure. Indirect effects were observed as increased bacterial activity due to nutrient release from algal death, thereby channelling growth to another trophic level. With time the plankton system became top-down controlled, dominated by zooplankton, which was also the trophic group experiencing the longest lasting effect on structure. The occurrence of late effects in the zooplankton communities were seen in all treatments, but the magnitude of the effects was dependent on the nutrient status, most probably because of a larger trophic transfer of the contaminant. To improve our understanding of contaminant effects on food webs in natural communities, it is imperative that interactions between trophic levels in relation to abiotic factors are investigated.


Comparison Of Total Mercury And Methylmercury Cycling At Five Sites Using The Small Watershed Approach, James B. Shanley, M. Alisa Mast, Donald H. Campbell, George R. Aiken, David P. Krabbenhoft, Randall J. Hunt, John F. Walker, Paul F. Schuster, Ann Chalmers, Brent T. Aulenbach, Norman E. Peters, Mark Marvin-Dipasquale, David W. Clow, Martin M. Shafer Jan 2008

Comparison Of Total Mercury And Methylmercury Cycling At Five Sites Using The Small Watershed Approach, James B. Shanley, M. Alisa Mast, Donald H. Campbell, George R. Aiken, David P. Krabbenhoft, Randall J. Hunt, John F. Walker, Paul F. Schuster, Ann Chalmers, Brent T. Aulenbach, Norman E. Peters, Mark Marvin-Dipasquale, David W. Clow, Martin M. Shafer

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The small watershed approach is well-suited but underutilized in mercury research. We applied the small watershed approach to investigate total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) dynamics in streamwater at the five diverse forested headwater catchments of the US Geological Survey Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB) program. At all sites, baseflow THg was generally less than 1 ng L-1 and MeHg was less than 0.2 ng L-1. THg and MeHg concentrations increased with streamflow, so export was primarily episodic. At three sites, THg and MeHg concentration and export were dominated by the particulate fraction in association with …


Fast-Disintegrating Aceclofenac Tablets: Formulation Development Using Simplex Lattice, Garala Kevin C., Ekshinge Vinit, Jarag Ravindra, Shinde Anil J. Jan 2008

Fast-Disintegrating Aceclofenac Tablets: Formulation Development Using Simplex Lattice, Garala Kevin C., Ekshinge Vinit, Jarag Ravindra, Shinde Anil J.

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

The poor aqueous solubility of the drug results เท variable dissolution profile and hence poor bioavailability. The aim of present work was to show the effect of various super disintegrants on the disintegration time and in vitro drug release rate. ...


Differential Dynamic Properties Of Scleroderma Fibroblasts In Response To Perturbation Of Environmental Stimuli, Momiao Xiong, Frank C. Arnett, Xinjian Guo, Hao Xiong, Xiaodong Zhou Jan 2008

Differential Dynamic Properties Of Scleroderma Fibroblasts In Response To Perturbation Of Environmental Stimuli, Momiao Xiong, Frank C. Arnett, Xinjian Guo, Hao Xiong, Xiaodong Zhou

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Diseases are believed to arise from dysregulation of biological systems (pathways) perturbed by environmental triggers. Biological systems as a whole are not just the sum of their components, rather ever-changing, complex and dynamic systems over time in response to internal and external perturbation. In the past, biologists have mainly focused on studying either functions of isolated genes or steady-states of small biological pathways. However, it is systems dynamics that play an essential role in giving rise to cellular function/dysfunction which cause diseases, such as growth, differentiation, division and apoptosis. Biological phenomena of the entire organism are not only determined by …


Bioequivaience Study Of Two Different Formulations Of 300 Mg Gabapentin Capsule In Thai Healthy Volunteers, Supeecha Wittayalertpanya, Sumana Chompootaweep, Nongnuch Thaworn, Wondee Khemsri, Nantana Intanil Jan 2008

Bioequivaience Study Of Two Different Formulations Of 300 Mg Gabapentin Capsule In Thai Healthy Volunteers, Supeecha Wittayalertpanya, Sumana Chompootaweep, Nongnuch Thaworn, Wondee Khemsri, Nantana Intanil

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

The objective of this study was to compare the bioavailability of new generic product of gabapentin with the innovator’s product. The study was performed in 20 Thai male healthy volunteers who received a single oral dose of 300 mg gabapentin capsule. D...


The Role Of National Science Journals: Information, Advocacy And Education, Alexander T. Florence Jan 2008

The Role Of National Science Journals: Information, Advocacy And Education, Alexander T. Florence

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

No abstract provided.


High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination Of Asiatic Acid In Human Plasma, Phensri Thongnopnua Jan 2008

High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination Of Asiatic Acid In Human Plasma, Phensri Thongnopnua

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Asiatic acid, an active metabolite of asiaticoside, is one of the biological active triterpenoids in Centella asiatica. A single liquid-liquid extraction and high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method have been developed and validated for the ...


Spectrophotometric Determination Of Total Alkaloids In Some Iranian Medicinal Plants, Fazel Shamsa, Hamidreza Monsef, Rouhollah Ghamooshi, Mohammadreza Verdian-Rizi Jan 2008

Spectrophotometric Determination Of Total Alkaloids In Some Iranian Medicinal Plants, Fazel Shamsa, Hamidreza Monsef, Rouhollah Ghamooshi, Mohammadreza Verdian-Rizi

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

A simple spectrophotometric method based on the reaction with bromocresol green (BCG) has been developed for determination of total alkaloids in medicinal plants. A yellow complex forms and is easily extractable by chloroform at pH 4.7. The absorbance of...


Antimicrobial Activity Of Endophytic Bacteria Isolated From Thai Medicinal Plant(ฤทธิ์ต้านจุลินทรีย์ของแบคทีเรียเอนโดไฟท์ที่แยกจากสมุนไพรไ..., Areerat Laorpaksa, Suree Jianmongkol, Wimon Pothiwong Jan 2008

Antimicrobial Activity Of Endophytic Bacteria Isolated From Thai Medicinal Plant(ฤทธิ์ต้านจุลินทรีย์ของแบคทีเรียเอนโดไฟท์ที่แยกจากสมุนไพรไ..., Areerat Laorpaksa, Suree Jianmongkol, Wimon Pothiwong

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Endophytic bacteria were isolated from internal plant tissues within four days of collections using a surface disinfected method. One hundred and six isolates from thirty five of Thai medicinal plants were cultured in either nutrient broth or nutrient br...


Mixing And Formulation Of Low Dose Drugs : Underlying Problems And Solutions, Vipin Kukkar, Vikas Anand, Mahesh Kataria, Manoj Gera, Pratim Kumar Choudhury Jan 2008

Mixing And Formulation Of Low Dose Drugs : Underlying Problems And Solutions, Vipin Kukkar, Vikas Anand, Mahesh Kataria, Manoj Gera, Pratim Kumar Choudhury

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Mixing and formulation of low dose drugs can be very challenging due to problems related to segregation, content uniformity and physical stability. A careful control on these factors is necessary while manufacturing low dose drug products. Selection of e...


A Model Compound Study: The Ecotoxicological Evaluation Of Five Organic Contaminants With A Battery Of Marine Bioassays, Ailbhe Macken, Michelle Giltrap, Barry Foley, Evin Mcgovern, Brendan Mchugh, Maria Davoren Jan 2008

A Model Compound Study: The Ecotoxicological Evaluation Of Five Organic Contaminants With A Battery Of Marine Bioassays, Ailbhe Macken, Michelle Giltrap, Barry Foley, Evin Mcgovern, Brendan Mchugh, Maria Davoren

Articles

This paper describes the ecotoxicological evaluation of five organic contaminants frequently detected in marine sediments (tributyltin, triphenyltin, benzo[a]pyrene, fluoranthene, and PCB 153) using three marine species (Vibrio fischeri, Tetraselmis suecica, and Tisbe battagliai). The sensitivity of each species varied for all compounds. The triorganotins were consistently the most toxic to all species. The applicability of each test system to assess the acute toxicity of environmental contaminants and their use in Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) is discussed. Suitability of the Microtox and T. battagliai tests for employment in TIE studies were further assessed through spiking experiments with tributyltin. Results demonstrated that …


The Metastasis Suppressor Nm23-H1 Is Required For Dna Repair, Mengmeng Yang Jan 2008

The Metastasis Suppressor Nm23-H1 Is Required For Dna Repair, Mengmeng Yang

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

NM23-H1 represents the first identified metastasis suppressor, exhibiting reduced expression in breast carcinoma and melanoma, and an ability to inhibit metastatic growth without significant impact on the transformed phenotype. Although its molecular mechanism of action is not fully understood, NM23-H1 possesses at least three enzymatic activities that may mediate metastasis suppressor function. It catalyzes nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) activity, as well as protein histidine kinase and 3’-5’ exonuclease activities. As 3’-5’ exonucleases are generally required for maintenance of genomic integrity, this activity represents a plausible mediator to underlie the metastasis suppressor function of NM23-H1 protein. To investigate the relevant activity …


The Evaluation Of Midazolam On Head Injured Patients In The Prehospital Setting, Dragana Klinac Jan 2008

The Evaluation Of Midazolam On Head Injured Patients In The Prehospital Setting, Dragana Klinac

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Midazolam (Hypnovel ®) is the only sedating agent used by paramedics at St John Ambulance Service W.A. in the management of many conditions including seizure activities, antisocial or uncontrollable behaviours, back pain incidents and head injuries. Midazolam, with a rapid absorption, fast onset of action and short duration on neurological activity, has been accepted as a safe and effective agent in prehospital treatment since the late-1990s. Often, if a patient is not complying with treatment or is uncontrollable or aggressive, paramedics are required to sedate the individual. This study primarily examines the use of midazolam for the sedation of unmanageable …