Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health Commons^™

The Standardized Fish Bioassay Procedure For Detecting And Culturing Actively Toxic Pfiesteria, Used By Two Reference Laboratories For Atlantic And Gulf Coast States, Joann M. Burkholder, Harold G. Marshall, David W. Seaborn, Nora J. Deamer-Melia

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

In the absence of purified standards of toxins from Pfiesteria species, appropriately conducted fish bioassays are the "gold standard" that must be used to detect toxic strains of Pfiesteria slop. from natural estuarine water or sediment samples and to culture actively toxic Pfiesteria. In this article, we describe the standardized steps of our fish bioassay as an abbreviated term for a procedure that includes two sets of trials with fish, following the Henle-Koch postulates modified for toxic rather than infectious agents. This procedure was developed in 1991, and has been refined over more than 12 years of experience in …

Redressing The Silent Interim: Precautionary Action & Short Term Tests In Toxicological Risk Assessment, Timothy Riley

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

The author recommends that a stronger emphasis be placed on creating and implementing short-term tests that use iterative, conservative-based, tiered procedures in conjunction with a precautionary attitude during the interim phase of toxicological risk assessments.

Workplace Pollution: Nuclear Safety, Ethics, And The Exploitation--Avoidance Argument, Kristin Shrader-Frechette

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

The author reviews evidence of poor worker health and safety practices in United States Department of Energy nuclear facilities in contending that less protective standards for workplace hazards constitute an environmental injustice not rectified by a hazard pay premium.

Review Of: Risk In The Modern Age: Social Theory, Science And Environmental Decision Making (Maurie J. Cohen, Ed.), Amy Cutler

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Review of the book: Risk in the Modern Age: Social Theory, Science and Environmental Decision Making (Maurie J. Cohen, ed., St. Martin's Press 2000). List of Figures and Tables, List of Contributors, Preface, Index. ISBN 0-312-22216-5 [264 pp. $65.00. Hardbound, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010].

Implementing A Community-Based Social Marketing Project To Improve Agricultural Worker Health, Joan D. Flocks, Leslie Clarke, Stan Albrecht, Carol Bryant, Paul Monaghan, Holly Baker

UF Law Faculty Publications

The Together for Agricultural Safety project is a community-based social marketing project working to reduce the adverse health effects of pesticide exposure among fernery and nursery workers in Florida. In 3 years, the collaboration between university and community researchers has embodied many of the principles of community-based research while completing multiple stages of formative data collection required for a social marketing project. This hybrid approach to developing a health intervention for a minority community has been successful in its early stages because the community partners are organized, empowered, and motivated to execute research activities with the assistance of academic partners. …

Age Related Changes In Contractile Sensitivity To Cyclic Gmp And Intracellular Calcium Compartmentalization In Ovine Arteries, Surya Margono Nauli

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The study examines the hypothesis that maturation changes the ability of cGMP to produce cerebral vasodilatation and alters the relative intracellular calcium pool sizes in ovine arteries. In ovine basilars taken from near-term fetal and young adult sheep, 8- pCPT-cGMP relaxed potassium- and serotonin-induced tone with pD2 values of 4.4±0.1 and 4.9±0.1 (fetal basilar) and 4.0±0.1 and 4.7±0.1 (adult basilar), respectively. In fura-2 loaded arteries, 8-pCPT-cGMP significantly lowered increases in cytosolic calcium concentration induced by serotonin but not potassium regardless of age. When calcium sensitivity was calculated in the same arteries as the slope of the relation between calcium concentration …

Casco Bay Watershed Wetlands Characterization, State Planning Office

Maine Collection

Casco Bay Watershed Wetlands Characterization

State of Maine Executive Department - State Planning Office

Augusta, Maine, May 2001

Contents: Abstract / Background / Getting Started / Designing the System / The Characterization / The Prioritization / Results / Cautions / Significance of the Approach / Literature Cited / Figure 1 - Biophysical Regions of Maine / Appendix A: Steering Committee Members / Appendix B: Field Verification Form / Appendix C: Contacts

Looking Back At Fluoridation, Allan Mazur

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

The author reviews the 50-year history of the debate over fluoridating drinking water as a public health measure.

Over A Decade Of Comparative Risk Analysis: A Review Of The Human Health Rankings, David M. Konisky

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

The author reviews a method for undertaking a cross-project comparison of comparative risk analyses to understand which environmental problem areas have been cited most as often posing the severest risks.

Bronchodilator, Spasmolytic And Calcium Antagonist Activities Of Nigella Sativa Seeds (Kalonji): A Traditional Herbal Product With Multiple Medicinal Uses, A H. Gilani, N Aziz, I M. Khurram, K S. Chaudhary, A Iqbal

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Objective: The seeds of Nigella sativa locally known as "Kalonji" has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of a variety of diseases including diarrhoea and asthma. The crude extract of N. sativa seeds (Ns.Cr) was studied in vitro for its possible spasmolytic and bronchodilator activities to rationalize the folkloric uses.
Methods: Isolated rabbit jejunum and guinea-pig tracheal preparations were set up in Tyrode's and Kreb's solutions respectively and aerated with 5% CO2 in oxygen. Isotonic and isometric responses were measured on Bioscience oscillograph and Grass polygraph respectively.Results: The Ns.Cr caused a dose-dependent (0.1-3.0 mg/ml) relaxation of spontaneous contractions …

Escherichia Coli O157:H7 In Free-Ranging Deer In Nebraska, David G. Renter, Jan M. Sargeant, Scott E. Hygnstrom, Jeff D. Hoffmann, Jerry R. Gillespie

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

In order to determine the prevalence and distribution of the human pathogen, Escherichia coli O157:H7, in free-ranging deer, hunters were asked to collect and submit fecal samples from deer harvested during a regular firearm season (14–22 November 1998). Prior to the season, 47% of the hunters with permits in the southeastern Nebraska (USA) study area indicated a willingness to participate in the study. Approximately 25% of successful hunters in the area submitted deer fecal samples. Escherichia coli O157:H7 was cultured from four (0.25%) of 1,608 total samples submitted. All of the fecal samples that were properly identified (1,426) and all …

Vasorelaxant Effects Of Ethyl Cinnamate Isolated From Kaempferia Galanga On Smooth Muscles Of The Rat Aorta, Mohd Rais Mustafa, Rozana Othman, Halijah Ibrahim, Mustafa Ali Mohd, Khalijah Awang, Anwar-Ul Hassan Gilani

Mohd Rais Mustafa

From the rhizomes of Kaempferia galanga, ethyl cinnamate (EC) was isolated and its vasorelaxant effect was examined on the rat aorta. EC inhibited the tonic contractions induced by high K+ and phenylephrine (PE) in a concentration-dependent manner, with respective IC50 values of 0.30 ± 0.05 mM and 0.38 ± 0.04 mM. The relaxant effect against PE-induced contractions was greater in the presence of endothelium. Pre-treatment of the aorta with methylene blue and indomethacin significantly reduced the relaxant effect. These results suggest that the inhibitory effects of EC may involve inhibition of Ca2+ influx into vascular cells and release of nitric …

Abnormal Expression Of P27kip1 Protein In Levator Ani Muscle Of Aging Women With Pelvic Floor Disorders – A Relationship To The Cellular Differentiation And Degeneration, Antonin Bukovsky, Pleas Copas, Michael R. Caudle, Maria Cekanova Ms, Rndr, Phd, Tamara Dassanayake, Bridgett Asbury, Stuart E. Van Meter, Robert F. Elder, Jeffrey B. Brown, Stephanie B. Cross

Maria Cekanova MS, RNDr, PhD

Background Pelvic floor disorders affect almost 50% of aging women. An important role in the pelvic floor support belongs to the levator ani muscle. The p27/kip1 (p27) protein, multifunctional cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, shows changing expression in differentiating skeletal muscle cells during development, and relatively high levels of p27 RNA were detected in the normal human skeletal muscles.

Methods Biopsy samples of levator ani muscle were obtained from 22 symptomatic patients with stress urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, and overlaps (age range 38–74), and nine asymptomatic women (age 31–49). Cryostat sections were investigated for p27 protein expression and type I (slow …

Physical Characterization And Aging Studies Of Fast Release Phenobarbital-Urea Solid Dispersions(คุณ ลักษณะทางกายภาพและการศึกษาความคงตัวของฟีโนบาร์บิท..., Nattha Kaewnopparat, Amaravadee Jangwang, Daungkhae Maneenaun, Leefung Kooskulkunakorn, Saowarak Pongsaurupong

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Solid dispersions (SD) of phenobarbital-urea in the ratio of 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8 and 1:10 were prepared in an attempt to improve the solubibty and dissolution. Solubibty, dissolution, powder Xray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC...

Chemical Compositions And Antimicrobial Activities Of Essential Oil From Melaleuca Leucadendron Var. Minor(องค์ประกอบทางเคมีและฤทธิ์ต้านจุลินทรีย์ของน้ำมันห..., Puangnoi Lohakachornpan, Watcharin Rangsipanuratn

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

The fresh leaves of Melaleuca leucadendron Linn. var. minor Duthie (Myrtaceae) was hydrodistilled by Clevenger apparatus. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses revealed the presence of 45 components. Terpinolene (29.21 %), a-terpinene (22.55%), 2...

Keyword Index, Author Index(ดรรชนีกุญแจคำ, ดรรชนีผู้แต่ง), N/A

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Toxicant Impacts On Density-Limited Populations: A Critical Review Of Theory, Practice, And Results, Valery E. Forbes, Richard M. Sibly, Peter Calow

Valery Forbes Publications

Most natural populations experience some density dependence, and longterm average rates of population growth are likely to be close to zero (i.e., steady state). An essential question, therefore, is how and to what extent do density-dependent effects influence the responses of populations to toxicant impacts? Here we consider three general types of interaction between density dependence and toxicant effects: additive, less than additive, and more than additive. If we know enough about the life-history dynamics of an organism and how its life-history traits are affected by density and toxicant exposure, we should be able to use life-history models to predict …

ความเป็นไปได้ที่กวาวเครือขาวจะมีผลต่อการขยายขนาดของเต้านม, วันชัย ดีเอกนามกูล, ชาลี ทองเรือง

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

สรรพคุณของกวาวเครือขาว ที่มีผลต่อการขยายขนาดของเต้านมสตรีให้ใหญ่ขึ้นนั้น เดิมเชื่อว่าเ...

Efficacy And Safety Of Fluconazole Combined With Amphotericin B For Treatment Of Cryptococcal Meningitis In Patients With Aids(ประสิทธิผลและความปลอดภัยของการใช้ฟลูโคนาโซ..., Chankig Puttilerpong, Somsit Tansuphaswadikul, Duangchit Panomvana Na Ayudhya

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is the most common life-threatening opportunistic fungal infection in patients with AIDS. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of giving high dose of amphotericin B for the first two weeks of thera...

The Cost-Effectiveness Of Ace Inhibitor Treatment Of Nephropathy In Type 2 Diabetic Patients(ต้นทุน-ประสิทธิผลของการรักษาด้วยยา Ace Inhibitors สำหรับโรคไตในผู..., Phantipa Sakthong

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness ACE inhibitor treatment of nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients. The evaluation was carried out by using related literature (1988-2000). The semi-Markov models were performed to assess lifetime direc...

Microbial Contamination Of Medicinal Plant Products(การปนเปีอนจสินทรีย์ของผลิตภัณฑ์สมุนไพร), Areerat Laorpaksa, Nongluksna Sriubolmas, Peerapun Khruddhaveacho

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

The study of microorganism contamination in 120 samples of medicinal plant products showed that 46 samples (38.3%) were microbiologically acceptable. These samples were 12 oral preparations (10.0%), 1 herbal sachet (0.8%), 4 topical preparations (3.3%), ...

Production Of Colchicine From Root Cultures Of Gloriosa Superba L.(สารโคลชิซีนจากรากเพาะเลี้ยงดองดึง), Waraporn Putalun, Boonyean Kitvijarn

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

The plant Gloriosa superba L. is a source of colchicine which is used in medicine and agriculture. Study of G. superba using plant tissue and cell culture technique was performed in vitro in order to observe its ability to produce colchicine. The medium ...

Attitudes Of Southern Health Care Professionals Toward The Roles Of Pharmacists In Inpatient Care Team(ทัศนคติของบุคลากรทางการแพทย์ในภาคใต้ต่อบทบาทของเภส..., Woranuch Saengcharoen, Sanguan Lerkiatbundit, Kwanta Na-Thalang, Thittapa Prompech, Kullaphat Aeng, Rassamee Chatdomrong, Rungnapa Songsiriphan, Sujita Kulthawiporn, Thippawan Thongchi, Wibul Ratthanakul, Wilawan Jarungkhiatkajohn, Weerapong Sa-Au, Sasithon Pithakbut, Sonthaya Chaewchanchamnankhit

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Pharmacists who deliver pharmaceutical care to inpatients need to team up with other health care professionals. Different professionals may have different attitudes toward the pharmacist’s roles. The objective of this study is to examine the attitudes ...

Vegetables And Yoghurt Fermentation Of Lactobacillus Strains(การหมักผักและโยเกิร์ตของสายพันธุ์แล็กโตบาซิลลัส), Suchada Jongrungruangchok, Somboon Tanasupawat, Surai Saisorn

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Lactobacillus sp. L2-1, Lactobacillus farciminis 73-1, and Lactobacillus plantarum P7-1 were used for fermenting green mustard and mixed vegetables in comparison to natural fermentation. The salt and sugar concentration were varied to 1-2% and 2-4%, resp...

In Vitro Hepatotoxicity Study Of Barakol Using Human Hepatoma Cell Line Hepg2(การศึกษาความเป็นพิษของบาราคอลต่อตับ โดยการทดสอบด้วยเซลล์มะเ..., Somsong Lawanprasert, Chaiyo Chaichantipyuth, Surachai Unchern, Yupin Lawanprasert, Daret St.Clair

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Human hepatoma cell line HepG2 was used to assess the hepatotoxic effects of barakol, isolated from young leaves of Cassia siamea. Barakol at concentrations of 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1 mM were added to HepG2 cells for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Cytotoxicity ...

Heat Shock Protein (Hsp70) Response In The Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica, Exposed To Various Contaminants (Pahs, Pcbs And Cadmium), Luis A. Cruz Rodriguez

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

The stress protein response has been proposed as a general indicator of exposure to stress as their expression might integrate overall biological impact and interactions among multiple stressors. as a marker of contaminant effects, a major advantage is the premise of higher sensitivity over other indices such as condition index, scope for growth and survival. Laboratory exposure to suspended field contaminated sediments (SFCS) elicited a stress protein response (HSP70) in the eastern oyster, ( Crassostrea virginica). The stress response probably resulted from the combined effect of various contaminants including PAHs, metals and PCBs. Exposure to 1--2g suspended clay particles spiked …

Effects Of Humic Acids And Salinity On Pesticide Bioavailability And Toxicity As Estimated By Spme And Toxicity Tests, Laurent C. Mézin

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

The interactive effects of humic acids (HAs) and salinity on the bioavailability and toxicity of the pesticides chlorpyrifos and 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) were investigated. The effects of various HAs on the toxicity of chlorpyrifos were initially assessed with the chronic MicrotoxRTM test. Environmentally relevant concentrations of Aldrich, Peat, Leonardite and Suwannee River HAs had no significant effect on the toxicity of either chlorpyrifos or copper (Cu), the test's positive control. as reductions in contaminant toxicity had previously been reported for some contaminants by HAs, it appeared that salinity might be a mitigating factor. Thus salinity effects were further investigated with Aldrich …