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Full-Text Articles in Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health

New Medical Indications For Thalidomide And Its Derivatives, Chaya Newfield Jan 2018

New Medical Indications For Thalidomide And Its Derivatives, Chaya Newfield

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Thalidomide is an anti-inflammatory and an anti-angiogenesis drug that is being used around the world for a variety of malignant and inflammatory diseases. Is it justified to continue prescribing and developing thalidomide given the discovery of many well-known side effects including catastrophic birth defects? To answer this question, this paper will discuss the pharmacology and history of thalidomide, as well as many of its proposed mechanisms of action.The medical indications for the current use of thalidomide as well as for several newer and more potent derivatives are mentioned for their therapeutic results, as well as their adverse side effects.


What Are The Mechanisms And Effects Of Age-Related Shortening Of The Spine?, Joseph Weingarten Jan 2018

What Are The Mechanisms And Effects Of Age-Related Shortening Of The Spine?, Joseph Weingarten

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Osteoporosis and Degenerative Disc Disease can cause a loss of height in the spine. This paper focuses on the mechanisms that cause age-related loss of height and its effects. Possible relationships between receptor activator nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and estrogen with osteoporosis are discussed, as well as possible genetic causes. Exercise may prevent osteoporosis. Osteoporosis may cause a loss of height, vertebral fracture, a decrease in maximum lung capacity, and hip fracture. Degenerative disc disease may cause shortening of the spine. Disc height loss can result in a reduction in the range of motion and stiffness at the affected …


Xenotransplantation:The Science, The Advantages, The Ethics, Chana Erlbaum Jan 2018

Xenotransplantation:The Science, The Advantages, The Ethics, Chana Erlbaum

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Xenotransplantation is a breakthrough medicinal technology that is an attempt to change the lives of millions of people. The problems in the current organ transplant system risk the lives of patients each and every day. Intense waiting periods and extremely costly procedures exemplify the stress and pressure that these patients face as an attempt to save their own lives. Xenotransplantation is the idea of growing human organs in a different species, using incredible stem-cell and CRISPR technology. This can introduce an answer to some of the issues in the current transplant system. Many technical and ethical issues are becoming relevant …


Can Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Produce Human Pluripotent Stem Cells For Regenerative Medicine?, Alexandra Iskhakov Jan 2018

Can Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Produce Human Pluripotent Stem Cells For Regenerative Medicine?, Alexandra Iskhakov

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

In the last half a century, researchers and scientists discovered the application of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) to clone mammalian embryos to produce a line of pluripotent stem cells for medical and laboratory use. This is a breakthrough technology that is applied to stem cell research, regenerative medicine, and cloning. Somatic cells are non-germ cells that are differentiated but provide the nuclei that are transferred to enucleated oocytes. The replacement of the nuclei results in a developing embryo that contains the genetic information of the donated nucleus, which can either be transplanted into a surrogate mother to produce a …


Relaxin As A Cure For Fibrosis, Sarah Akilov Jan 2018

Relaxin As A Cure For Fibrosis, Sarah Akilov

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Until recently, relaxin has been known as a hormone that pertained to the female reproductive system. Its ability to remodel the extracellular matrix is responsible for its known reproductive effects. Current research has indicated that it may be useful as a drug to combat fibrosis. Relaxin has been proposed as an antifibrotic drug to target a variety of organs, including the skin, lung, kidney, liver, and heart. Studies done using the relaxin null knockout mouse have given scientists insight into the workings of this hormone. Human studies have also been done to test the efficacy of relaxin in its reversal …


Nonsurgical Approaches To Glioblastoma, Moshe Baitelman Jan 2018

Nonsurgical Approaches To Glioblastoma, Moshe Baitelman

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Due to the sensitivity of location, brain cancer is one of the most difficult and deadly known cancers. There are various forms of cancer in the brain with many shared characteristics as well as unique manifestations in each. While cancers originating in the central nervous system present in several ways, the most common forms are high grade gliomas generally, and glioblastoma or anaplastic astrocytomas specifically. With the advent of technology, researchers have been able to propose and refine extensive profiles of these relentless tumors, enabling greater and more successful treatment profiles to be developed. Where treatments used to consist primarily …


Full Issue: Volume 12, Number 1 Jan 2018

Full Issue: Volume 12, Number 1

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

No abstract provided.


Uvb Induced Mutation Of P53 In Non Melanoma Skin Cancer, Raizy Berger Jan 2018

Uvb Induced Mutation Of P53 In Non Melanoma Skin Cancer, Raizy Berger

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

There is a clear correlation between excessive sun exposure and the development of skin cancer. UVB radiation from the sun is potent, and as the ozone layer gets depleted, more UVB can reach Earth and cause cell damage. UV radiation causes DNA lesions, such as 6-4 photoproducts and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers. Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers are more abundant and take longer to be repaired and therefore are responsible for most of the mutation and DNA damage. These DNA lesions lead to mutation of the p53 gene. The signature mutation on p53 from UV radiation is a CC to TT mutation, which …


Neuraxial Analgesia And Its Effects On Neonatal And Maternal Outcomes, Tziporah L. Falkowvsky Jan 2018

Neuraxial Analgesia And Its Effects On Neonatal And Maternal Outcomes, Tziporah L. Falkowvsky

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Neuraxial analgesia is one of the most popular and effective forms of pain relief for labor and childbirth used by more than 50% of women in North America. Despite the standard use of the procedure, there is much that is still inconclusive about the side effects on mother and baby. Current studies show it has an impact on some outcomes and seemingly no effect on others. While the extent of the impact is still unclear, there are some adverse side effects of neuraxial analgesia, which include instrumental deliveries, respiratory distress and lower Apgar scores. Further research is required to conclude …


Possible Mechanisms That Protect The Fetus From Maternal Rejection, Adina Ziemba-Goldfarb Jan 2017

Possible Mechanisms That Protect The Fetus From Maternal Rejection, Adina Ziemba-Goldfarb

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

There is no other foreign tissue transplant that has such a strongly parasitic relationship with its human host as the fetus. Although the fetus contains paternal genes, is completely tolerized by its maternal host in almost all pregnancies. This presents an immunological paradox and has generated a lot of attention from leading researchers in the reproductive and immunology fields. This paper reviews the leading explanations for this paradox; that it is attributed to a detailed mechanism of the maternal and fetal immune system in which tryptophan suppresses T-cells from attacking specific paternal cells, while maintaining a strong immune response against …


Full Issue: Volume 10, Number 2 Jan 2017

Full Issue: Volume 10, Number 2

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

No abstract provided.


Full Issue: Volume 11, Number 1 Jan 2017

Full Issue: Volume 11, Number 1

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

No abstract provided.


Full Issue: Volume 10, Number 1 Jan 2016

Full Issue: Volume 10, Number 1

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

No abstract provided.


Full Issue: Volume 9, Number 2 Jan 2016

Full Issue: Volume 9, Number 2

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

No abstract provided.


Full Issue: Volume 8, Number 2 Jan 2015

Full Issue: Volume 8, Number 2

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

No abstract provided.


Full Issue: Volume 9, Number 1 Jan 2015

Full Issue: Volume 9, Number 1

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

No abstract provided.


Full Issue: Volume 8, Number 1 Jan 2014

Full Issue: Volume 8, Number 1

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

No abstract provided.


Full Issue: Volume 6, Number 2 Jan 2013

Full Issue: Volume 6, Number 2

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

No abstract provided.


Full Issue: Volume 7, Number 1 Jan 2013

Full Issue: Volume 7, Number 1

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

No abstract provided.


Full Issue: Volume 5, Issue 2 Jan 2012

Full Issue: Volume 5, Issue 2

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

No abstract provided.


Full Issue: Volume 6, Number 1 Jan 2012

Full Issue: Volume 6, Number 1

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

No abstract provided.


Full Issue: Volume 4, Number 2 Jan 2011

Full Issue: Volume 4, Number 2

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

No abstract provided.


Scoliosis: Comparative Analysis Of Surgery Vs. Brace Treatment, Jerry Frenkel Jan 2011

Scoliosis: Comparative Analysis Of Surgery Vs. Brace Treatment, Jerry Frenkel

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

The following is the introduction of this article: The spine, or spinal column, as it is also called, is a complex structure made up of 33 vertebrae (bone segments) arranged vertically in succession from just below the skull to the tailbone. The entire column is broken up into various classes of vertebrae named, from superior to inferior, as cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal. Different forms of spinal deformities that can occur include kyphosis, lordosis and scoliosis (Neuwirth and Osborn 2001). Scoliosis is defined simply in medical terms as a lateral three-dimensional irregular curvature of the spine. The curvature as …


Full Issue: Volume 5, Number 1, Fall 2011 Jan 2011

Full Issue: Volume 5, Number 1, Fall 2011

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

No abstract provided.


Full Issue: Volume 4, Number 1 Jan 2010

Full Issue: Volume 4, Number 1

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

No abstract provided.


Full Issue: Volume 3, Number 1 Jan 2010

Full Issue: Volume 3, Number 1

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

No abstract provided.


Insomnia: Its Causes, Its Consequences, And Its Cures, Shoshana Fried Jan 2009

Insomnia: Its Causes, Its Consequences, And Its Cures, Shoshana Fried

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Insomnia is a complaint that affects almost all Americans at some point throughout their lives. However, only chronic insomnia is truly a disorder. This type of insomnia can be caused by various reasons, whether physiological, molecular, or psychological. This paper will elaborate on a number of possible causes for insomnia. Furthermore, this paper will present some of the many adverse effects that are caused by the sleep deprivation resulting from chronic insomnia. There are many possible treatments available to help against insomnia. This paper will explain 53 some of the behavioral methods. In addition, it will discuss the many different …


Botox And Its Effect On Wrinkles, Rochelle Eckstein Jan 2009

Botox And Its Effect On Wrinkles, Rochelle Eckstein

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Clostridia Botulinum (C. Botulinum) is a bacterium that produces a unique exotoxin, botulinum toxin (BTX). BTX induces flaccid muscle paralysis by inhibiting the release of acetylcholine at the cholinergic nerve endings. Recently, Botox, developed from BTX, has become a popular solution to reduce the appearance of hyper-functional facial rhytids. Facial wrinkles are caused by repetitive muscle contraction, and a treatment that directly addresses this will be effective. Injections of Botox temporarily relax or paralyze these muscles. This paper will briefly discuss the bacterial basis of Botox and its development. It will explain how the mechanism of action of BTX can …


The Effect Of Exercise On Alzheimer’S Disease, Benjamin Korman Jan 2009

The Effect Of Exercise On Alzheimer’S Disease, Benjamin Korman

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, from which there is no recovery. It begins with impaired memory and judgement and progresses to the point where those affected can no longer care themselves. Although the cause of AD is unknown, two significant abnormalities occur in the brain of its victims: neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques. It has been well established that exercise improves mood and general well-being, however this paper will focus on the effect of exercise on AD. It will show that exercise can improve physical functioning of an individual with AD, however more importantly it will focus …


Rhinoviruses: The Quest For A Cure, Michelle Gordon-Grunin Jan 2009

Rhinoviruses: The Quest For A Cure, Michelle Gordon-Grunin

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Rhinoviruses, also known as Human Rhinovirus, abbreviated HRV, are one of the many causes of the common cold. In fact, around 50 percent of all cold are caused by rhinoviruses, with the other major candidates being coronaviruses, influenza A or B virus, and minor causative agents like parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, and enterovirus (Makela and Puhakka, 1997). However, due to the complex molecular structure of rhinoviruses, a cure for the common cold caused by HRV is still in the making. Several new treatments have been discovered, impacting the virus as different stages of its life, hopefully to prevent …