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Wright State University

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Articles 31 - 60 of 149

Full-Text Articles in Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health

Morphological And Physiological Responses Of A Halophyte (Atriplex Halimus) To The Effect Of Heavy Metal Case Of Cadmium, Abderrezzeq Chebout, Hana Souahi, Zahia Kadi, Rania Gacem Mar 2023

Morphological And Physiological Responses Of A Halophyte (Atriplex Halimus) To The Effect Of Heavy Metal Case Of Cadmium, Abderrezzeq Chebout, Hana Souahi, Zahia Kadi, Rania Gacem

Journal of Bioresource Management

Today, cadmium (Cd) contamination challenges the environmental quality and food security. This experiment was realized to study the morphological and physiological response of the halophyte species Atriplex halimus L to cadmium toxicity by applying different concentrations of Cd (0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 ppm) on the plant A.halimus for two weeks after 60 days of seeding. The morphological parameters and physiological wish evaluated the stem length (SL), root length (RL), leaf area (LA), chlorophylls (a, b, t and carotenoids), and the relative water content (RWC). The results show a decrease in stem elongation, (11.333 ± 3.512 cm in Cd treatments …

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Potential Of Constructed Wetlands For The Treatment Of Heavy Metals From Wastewater, Hasnain Raza, Qurat Ul Ain, Haseena Bibi, Tehmina Bibi, Huda Bilal Mar 2023

Potential Of Constructed Wetlands For The Treatment Of Heavy Metals From Wastewater, Hasnain Raza, Qurat Ul Ain, Haseena Bibi, Tehmina Bibi, Huda Bilal

Journal of Bioresource Management

Overpopulation, urbanization, and economic race increase the pressure on freshwater resources resulting in water scarcity challenges around the globe. Moreover, the generation of wastewater is also enhancing the scarcity threats for freshwater resources. Water scarcity issues forced the policymaker, thinker, scientist, and researcher to think about non-conventional water resources to cope with the increasing demands. This wastewater recycling and treatment play an evident role to fulfill the growing demand for freshwater in socioeconomic sectors especially, for agriculture, due to its 70 % dependency on freshwater resources. Different wastewater treatment methods along with merits and demerits are in practice for the …

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Porcine Skin Explants As A New Model To Investigate Microvesicle Particle Generation, Shikshita Singh Jan 2023

Porcine Skin Explants As A New Model To Investigate Microvesicle Particle Generation, Shikshita Singh

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The skin is exposed to a variety of external stressors, from irritants to toxic agents to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). While mice and human volunteers can be used for research studies, there are limitations in the range of environmental stressors that can be studied using these models. Therefore, our research team has been investigating the use of human skin explants as a model to study the immediate effects of environmental stressors ex vivo. Although this method has been successful, obtaining fresh human skin for these studies is difficult due to limited availability. To overcome this issue, we are evaluating the possibility …

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Xeroderma Pigmentosum Type A Deficiency Results In Increased Generation Of Microvesicle Particles In Response To Ultraviolet B Radiation And Solar Simulated Light Via Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor Signaling Pathway, Pranali Sushil Manjrekar Jan 2023

Xeroderma Pigmentosum Type A Deficiency Results In Increased Generation Of Microvesicle Particles In Response To Ultraviolet B Radiation And Solar Simulated Light Via Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor Signaling Pathway, Pranali Sushil Manjrekar

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Increased vulnerability to the DNA-damaging effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a hallmark of the uncommon genetic disorder Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP). The Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) route uses the DNA Damage Recognition and Repair component XPA to identify and get rid of damaged DNA segments. Although the solar UVB (290-320 nm) radiation is necessary for humans to produce vitamin D, it may also induce erythema and inflammatory reactions, and in some pathological situations, such as XPA deficiency, results in increased UV responses (photosensitivity). Our group has previously shown, using cell lines and mice, that increased synthesis of the lipid mediator …

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To Determine The Role Of The Platelet Activating Factor - Receptor In Folfirinox Therapy-Mediated Microvesicles Particle Generation, Krishna Awasthi Jan 2023

To Determine The Role Of The Platelet Activating Factor - Receptor In Folfirinox Therapy-Mediated Microvesicles Particle Generation, Krishna Awasthi

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Given that Pancreatic cancer continues to be one of the primary causes of cancer-related death and that existing treatment options have a poor success rate, it is important to investigate the role of potential factor(s) involved in pancreatic cancer growth or diminishing the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents. An alternative regimen for pancreatic cancer treatment called FOLFIRINOX has shown to increase the survival rate and improve Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status score among the pancreatic cancer patients. However, FOLFIRINOX therapy is associated with several side effects. Through mechanisms involving the secretion of microvesicle particles (MVP), studies, including ours have …

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The Role Of Platelet-Activating Factor And Microvesicle Particles In Intoxicated Thermal Burn Injury-Induced Multiple Organ Failure, Rushabh Pawan Lohade Jan 2023

The Role Of Platelet-Activating Factor And Microvesicle Particles In Intoxicated Thermal Burn Injury-Induced Multiple Organ Failure, Rushabh Pawan Lohade

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Intoxicated thermal burn injury (ITBI) is more severe than thermal burn injury (TBI) alone and causes significant morbidity and mortality. Evidence from mouse models that replicate the human condition of multiple organ dysfunction has been informative. ITBI results in enhanced bacterial translocation from the gut, increased levels of proinflammatory mediators, and immune cell infiltration in various organs, resulting in inflammation in multiple organs with subsequent dysfunction. In addition, ITBI induces delayed systemic immunosuppression. To understand the mechanism(s) underlying ITBI-induced inflammation and damage in multiple organs, we investigate the role of Platelet-activating factor (PAF) and subcellular microvesicle particles (MVPs) in this …

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Regulation Of Cathepsin L Expression And Activity By Cell Confluence And The Circadian Clock, Prashant Gaikwad Jan 2023

Regulation Of Cathepsin L Expression And Activity By Cell Confluence And The Circadian Clock, Prashant Gaikwad

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Cathepsin L is a lysosomal cysteine protease that is encoded by the CTSL gene in humans. Previous results have shown that CTSL expression and activity towards the DNA repair protein XPA are elevated in lysates of confluent/quiescent HaCaT keratinocytes. Because other nuclear proteins, including 53BP1 and histone H3, have also been reported to be CTSL substrates under conditions of cell differentiation, senescence, or quiescence, CTSL expression and activity (cleavage) of multiple nuclear proteins was examined in lysates from HaCaT cells and other cell lines at various days after plating and cell confluency. Our study found that adding CTSL inhibitors to …

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Characterization Of Atr Kinase Function In Quiescent Human Keratinocytes When Exposed To Solar Simulating Uv Radiation, Hrishikesh Tryambak Kadam Jan 2023

Characterization Of Atr Kinase Function In Quiescent Human Keratinocytes When Exposed To Solar Simulating Uv Radiation, Hrishikesh Tryambak Kadam

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Cell cycle control, DNA repair, and cell survival have all been linked to the ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) kinase, a vital part of the DNA damage response system. In this work, we looked at the role of ATR kinase in human keratinocytes that were dormant and exposed to solar simulating light (SSL). Our findings demonstrated that SSL activates the ATR kinase, phosphorylating downstream substrates such as KAP1, Chk2, and H2AX. In addition, we noticed that quiescent keratinocytes exposed to SSL experienced a decrease in viability when ATR kinase activity was inhibited. Our research indicates that in quiescent keratinocytes exposed to …

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Validation Of A Cell Line Model For Studying Xpd Protein Function In Nucleotide Excision Repair, Naga Swathi Sree Kavuri Jan 2023

Validation Of A Cell Line Model For Studying Xpd Protein Function In Nucleotide Excision Repair, Naga Swathi Sree Kavuri

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The various environmental factors like toxic chemicals, chemotherapeutic agents and UV radiation impact human health by altering physiological functions of the normal living cells. One of the main consequences of exposure to these factors is DNA damage. Although, living system have inherent DNA repair mechanisms such as Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER), which removes DNA lesions from the genome in the form of small, approximately 30-nt-long DNA oligonucleotides. The accumulation of unrepaired DNA adducts as a result of this NER deficiency causes a variety of syndromes, including Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP), Cockayne Syndrome, Neurological syndrome, and carcinoma of skin. To understand more …

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To Determine The Role Of The Platelet Activating Factor - Receptor In Folfirinox Therapy-Mediated Microvesicles Particle Generation, Krishna Awasthi Jan 2023

To Determine The Role Of The Platelet Activating Factor - Receptor In Folfirinox Therapy-Mediated Microvesicles Particle Generation, Krishna Awasthi

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Given that Pancreatic cancer continues to be one of the primary causes of cancer-related death and that existing treatment options have a poor success rate, it is important to investigate the role of potential factor(s) involved in pancreatic cancer growth or diminishing the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents. An alternative regimen for pancreatic cancer treatment called FOLFIRINOX has shown to increase the survival rate and improve Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status score among the pancreatic cancer patients. However, FOLFIRINOX therapy is associated with several side effects. Through mechanisms involving the secretion of microvesicle particles (MVP), studies, including ours have …

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Replication Stress Induced By The Ribonucleotide Reductase Inhibitors Guanazole, Triapine, And Gemcitabine In Fission Yeast, Mashael Yahya A Alyahya Jan 2022

Replication Stress Induced By The Ribonucleotide Reductase Inhibitors Guanazole, Triapine, And Gemcitabine In Fission Yeast, Mashael Yahya A Alyahya

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Replication stress can be produced by various exogenous or endogenous factors that perturb the movement of replication forks. To overcome the stress, the cells provoke the DNA replication checkpoint to mobilize several pathways to protect the forks, maintain genome integrity, and promote cell survival. Defects in the replication checkpoint cause forks collapse, leading to chromosomal DNA damage or cell death. Although the replication checkpoint is crucial for genome integrity in all eukaryotes, the underlying mechanisms remains to be fully understood. To investigate the mechanisms of DRC, hydroxyurea (HU), an established inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), has been widely used in …

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Impaired Β-Cell Neogenesis In A Mouse Model Of Metabolic Syndrome, Modhi Abdullah Alshammari Jan 2022

Impaired Β-Cell Neogenesis In A Mouse Model Of Metabolic Syndrome, Modhi Abdullah Alshammari

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Pancreatic islet β-cell plays an essential role in insulin release and hence glucose homeostasis. The maintenance of glucose homeostasis depends on β-cell ability to cope with enough insulin to fulfill metabolic and physiological demands. Adequate insulin release is the result of highly complex and dynamic interplays between acute changes in β- cell electrical activity, exocytosis and chronic adaptations in cellular function, volume, mass and proliferation. All of this appears modulated, to some extent, by the functional presence of Slc12a2 symporters, also known as Na+K+2Cl– cotransporter-1 (Nkcc1), which accumulates intracellular Cl– above its electrochemical equilibrium. Recent studies from our laboratory showed …

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Heightened Levels Of Microvesicle Particles Resulting From Combination Of Ethanol And Thermal Burn Injury, Chad Alan Brewer Jan 2022

Heightened Levels Of Microvesicle Particles Resulting From Combination Of Ethanol And Thermal Burn Injury, Chad Alan Brewer

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Ethanol (EtOH), in combination with thermal burn injury, is a clinically significant problem resulting in an increase in morbidity and mortality due to acute multi-organ toxicity from excess systemic cytokine release. This intoxicated thermal burn affects close to 50% of the total numbers of hospital-admitted burn patients and currently has no standard treatment. However, using in vitro cellular and in vivo murine models, our group has provided data implicating the augmented production of the lipid mediator Platelet-activating factor (PAF) in keratinocytes in response to intoxicated thermal burn injury in the subsequent pathology. Of importance, our group has demonstrated that activation …

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Ahr-Mediated Transcriptional Regulation Of The Human Immunoglobulin Hs1.2 Enhancer, Sydney White Jan 2022

Ahr-Mediated Transcriptional Regulation Of The Human Immunoglobulin Hs1.2 Enhancer, Sydney White

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The 3'IGHRR is thought to be responsible for the transcription of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) gene locus, which is essential for the production of antibodies. The human 3’IGHRR, which is duplicated in humans, contains the hs3, hs4, and hs1.2 enhancers. Additionally, the hs1.2 enhancer is polymorphic in humans and consists of a 53 bp invariant sequence that can be repeated one to four times. Previous experiments in a mouse and human B-cell line model have shown that the high affinity AhR ligand and environmental toxicant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) can induce hs1.2 enhancer activity in an AhR-dependent manner. The AhR is …

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Plastic Biodegradation Through Insects And Their Symbionts Microbes: A Review, Huda Bilal, Hasnain Raza, Haseena Bibi, Tehmina Bibi Oct 2021

Plastic Biodegradation Through Insects And Their Symbionts Microbes: A Review, Huda Bilal, Hasnain Raza, Haseena Bibi, Tehmina Bibi

Journal of Bioresource Management

Plastic waste has recently been identified as one of the most serious environmental issues, affecting all life forms, natural habitats, and the economy, and is one of the most serious global environmental problems, second only to climate change. Seeking alternative environmentally sustainable options, such as biodegradation instead of conventional disposal, is critical in the face of this challenge. However, there is currently a lack of information about the mechanisms and efficacy of plastic biodegradation. From this perspective, this study aims to illustrate the negative environmental impacts of the plastic waste. It also addresses the role of insects and gut microbiota …

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Early Insulin Deficiency-Related Hyperphagia Antecedes Hyperinsulinemia And Obesity, Rana Abdelgawad Jan 2021

Early Insulin Deficiency-Related Hyperphagia Antecedes Hyperinsulinemia And Obesity, Rana Abdelgawad

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Insulin secretion plays a crucial role in energy homeostasis. Accordingly, disrupted insulin secretion has been associated with metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance syndrome and diabetes mellitus. Insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells is tightly regulated by complex ionic mechanisms usually included in a consensus mechanism involving ATP-sensitive K+ channels as the only key player. However, K+ channels solely do not reflect the whole mechanism. Anionic channels also contribute to the machinery of insulin secretion by initiating electrogenic Cl– fluxes in β-cells. The Na+K+2Cl– cotransporter 1 (Nkcc1) and other Cl– transporters participate in the non-equilibrium distribution of Cl– in β-cells. Recent …

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The Protective Effects Of Mir-210 Modified Endothelial Progenitor Cells Released Exosomes In Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injured Neurons, Sri Meghana Yerrapragada Jan 2021

The Protective Effects Of Mir-210 Modified Endothelial Progenitor Cells Released Exosomes In Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injured Neurons, Sri Meghana Yerrapragada

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Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been shown to provide beneficial effects on oxidative stress. Exosomes (EXs) released from these stem cells could be one of the major contributors, as they are known to convey the benefit of one cell to another cell via microRNAs (miRNA). At first, we determined that EPCs release more EXs when they are serum-starved for 48 hours., and by determining the microRNA-210 (miR-210) levels in the EXs, we found that miRNA is being transferred from cells to EXs. Meanwhile, miR-210 is gaining popularity in reducing elevated oxidative stress levels. In this study, we investigated the role …

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The Effect Of Circadian Clock Modulation On Cisplatin Cytotoxicity, Nadeen Nibal Ahmad Anabtawi Jan 2021

The Effect Of Circadian Clock Modulation On Cisplatin Cytotoxicity, Nadeen Nibal Ahmad Anabtawi

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Cisplatin is a DNA damage-based chemotherapeutic drug widely used to treat various types of cancers; however, the treatment's toxicity restricts its efficiency. Studies have shown that the circadian rhythm controls the DNA damage response and affects the repair pathways of cisplatin-induced DNA damage. Circadian clock modulation, therefore, has been proposed to be a potential mechanism for enhancing cisplatin tolerability. Here we used clock-enhancing molecules to evaluate the effect of pharmacological clock modulation on cisplatin cytotoxicity. Using cultured human cell lines, cisplatin cytotoxicity was found to be attenuated following treatment with circadian-enhancing molecules KS15 and SR8278. Moreover, the protein and mRNA …

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Functions Of Atr Kinase In Terminally Differentiated Human Epidermal Keratinocyles And In Human Ex-Vivo Skin After Exposure To Ultraviolet B Radiation, Vivek Shashank Nag Gogusetti Jan 2021

Functions Of Atr Kinase In Terminally Differentiated Human Epidermal Keratinocyles And In Human Ex-Vivo Skin After Exposure To Ultraviolet B Radiation, Vivek Shashank Nag Gogusetti

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The functions of Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad-3 related protein (ATR) is very much important in a cell, as it is a DNA damage response protein, which plays an important role in cell division, DNA repair and apoptosis. This protein helps in proliferation in the actively DNA dividing normal cells and in cancer cells. The functions of ATR in a proliferating cell are well studied and known to involve regulation of replication fork and cell cycle progression after DNA damage. Whereas, in a non-replicating cell, the functions of ATR are not so well known. In the human body, most of the …

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Xeroderma Pigmentosum A Deficiency Results In Increased Generation Of Microvesicle Particles In Response To Ultraviolet B Radiation, Christian Lea Rajeshkumar Jan 2021

Xeroderma Pigmentosum A Deficiency Results In Increased Generation Of Microvesicle Particles In Response To Ultraviolet B Radiation, Christian Lea Rajeshkumar

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Xeroderma Pigmentosum is a genetic disorder in which ability to repair DNA damage such as from UV radiation is decreased. Nucleotide excision repair is known for repairing DNA damage caused by UV radiation and XPA plays a major role in recognizing and eliminating abnormal section of DNA. Therefore, XPA deficiency decreases repair efficiency of DNA. Of note, XPA deficiency is linked with photosensitivity. Microvesicle particles are membrane-bound particles which are released into the extracellular environment in response to multiple stimuli including the lipid Platelet activating factor (PAF). Previous studies have shown that XPA deficiency can induce increase production of reactive …

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Stress-Induced Senescence In Human Dermal Fibroblasts : Effects Of Creatine And Nicotinamide Post Stress Treatment, Venkata Sravya Arikatla Jan 2021

Stress-Induced Senescence In Human Dermal Fibroblasts : Effects Of Creatine And Nicotinamide Post Stress Treatment, Venkata Sravya Arikatla

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In skin connective tissue, dermal fibroblasts appear to be the most prevalent cell type. They are in charge of making the extracellular matrix that makes up the skin's connective tissue, and also involved in wound healing. Moreover, they produce Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) which helps in activation of Insulin growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R). This receptor helps to control cell proliferation and responses to DNA-damaging substances such as UVB radiation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and therapeutic drugs. According to our findings, lack of IGF-1 expression in the dermis of elderly patients due to fibroblast senescence (senescence is characterized by which cells …

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Prevalence Of Tuberculosis In District Haveli, Azad Jammu And Kashmir, Abu Ul Hassan Faiz, Ghazal Tariq, Ayesha Faiz, Lariab Zahra Faiz Sep 2020

Prevalence Of Tuberculosis In District Haveli, Azad Jammu And Kashmir, Abu Ul Hassan Faiz, Ghazal Tariq, Ayesha Faiz, Lariab Zahra Faiz

Journal of Bioresource Management

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease with a common occurrence in population of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. The current study was designed to find out the prevalence of TB among the general population of a less developed District Haveli. Samples were collected from different hospitals and TB centers located in district Haveli and tested through sputum smear microscopy for conformation of positive for TB. The three-year (2015 to 2018) study was conducted to record prevalence of tuberculosis in selected area of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. The trend line of prevalence was made by using (SPSS software). Results produced linear trends yearly …

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Land Application Of Sewage Sludge: Physiological And Biochemical Response Of The Rio Grande Tomato, Nabil Charchar, Ali Elafri, Redwane Rais, Halassi Ismahen Jun 2020

Land Application Of Sewage Sludge: Physiological And Biochemical Response Of The Rio Grande Tomato, Nabil Charchar, Ali Elafri, Redwane Rais, Halassi Ismahen

Journal of Bioresource Management

Treated wastewater produces sewage sludge as a by-product that may have beneficial implications on agricultural practices. The effects of sludge amendments on growth, morphological and biochemical characteristics of the agro-industrial Tomato cultivar Rio Grande were observed. A pot culture experiment was carried out during 4 months (16 February 2019 to 18 June 2019), at an experimental green house in the locality of Salah Soufi, Guelma, north-eastern Algeria. There were significant differences between soil and sewage sludge samples. Total nitrogen (20.58 mg/kg) was more available in sewage sludge than in soil (N = 2.09 ± 0.3 mg/kg). In contrast, sludge …

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Tip60 Regulation Of Δnp63Α Is Associated With Cisplatin Resistance, Akshay Hira, Andrew Stacy, Jin Zhang, Michael P. Craig, Madhavi Kadakia Apr 2020

Tip60 Regulation Of Δnp63Α Is Associated With Cisplatin Resistance, Akshay Hira, Andrew Stacy, Jin Zhang, Michael P. Craig, Madhavi Kadakia

Celebration of Undergraduate & Graduate Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activities Materials

About 5.4 million basal and squamous cell skin cancers are diagnosed every year in the US. ΔNp63a, a member of the p53 transcription factor family, is overexpressed in non-melanoma skin cancer and regulates cell survival, migration and invasion. TIP60 is histone acetyltransferase (HAT) which mediates cellular processes such as transcription and the DNA damage response (DDR). Previous studies in our lab have shown that overexpression of TIP60 induces ΔNp63a protein stabilization in a catalytic-dependent manner. Since ΔNp63a is known to transcriptionally regulate several DDR genes and promote cisplatin resistance, its stabilization by TIP60 may contribute to the failure of platinum-based …

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Multi-Label Model For Toxicity Prediction, Xiu Huan Yap, Michael L. Raymer Apr 2020

Multi-Label Model For Toxicity Prediction, Xiu Huan Yap, Michael L. Raymer

Celebration of Undergraduate & Graduate Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activities Materials

Most computational predictive models are specifically trained for a single toxicity endpoint. Since more than 1300 toxicity assays have been reported in the TOXCAST dashboard, achieving high coverage over this growing number of toxicity endpoints remains challenging. Furthermore, single-endpoint models lack the ability to learn dependencies between endpoints, such as those targeting similar biological pathways, which may be used to boost model performance. In this study, we characterize the performance of 3 multi-label classification (MLC) models, namely Classifier Chains (CC), Label Powersets (LP) and Stacking (SBR), on Tox21 challenge data. These MLC models employ the Problem Transformation approach, which is …

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The Feeding Pattern Of C57bl/6j Mice, Yakshkumar Dilipbhai Rathod Jan 2020

The Feeding Pattern Of C57bl/6j Mice, Yakshkumar Dilipbhai Rathod

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The feeding pattern and control of energy intake in social mice are poorly understood. Here, we determined and quantify the normal nocturnal feeding pattern of group-housed male and female mice of the C57BL/6J genetic background fed a chow diet. Mice at 10 and 20weeks of age showed the expected age-dependent increase in lean and fat mass being them more pronounced in males. Under ad libitum conditions, male and female mice ate comparable amounts of food per unit of body weight irrespective of gender. The analysis of the feeding microstructure revealed that energy intake in females is the result of significantly …

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Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (Igf-1) Impacts P53-Regulated Gene Products In Uvb-Irradiated Human Keratinocytes And Skin Epidermis, Abdulrhaman Mohammed Mohammed Alkawwar Jan 2020

Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (Igf-1) Impacts P53-Regulated Gene Products In Uvb-Irradiated Human Keratinocytes And Skin Epidermis, Abdulrhaman Mohammed Mohammed Alkawwar

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Skin cancer is the most prevalent human malignancy and is primarily caused by ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths of sunlight. However, the fact that most skin cancers occur in people over the age of 60 indicates that advantaged age is a second skin cancer risk factor. Why geriatric skin is prone to developing skin cancers is not clear, but several studies have shown that dermal fibroblasts in geriatric skin express lower levels of the hormone insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) than young adult skin and that deficient IGF-1 signaling negatively impacts how epidermal keratinocytes respond to UVB radiation. A major regulator of the …

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Topical Photodynamic Therapy Generates Microvesicle Particles, Oladayo Ayobami Oyebanji Jan 2020

Topical Photodynamic Therapy Generates Microvesicle Particles, Oladayo Ayobami Oyebanji

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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the use of light at an appropriate wavelength acting on a photosensitizing chemical to cause cell death via generation of reactive oxygen species. PDT has been useful in the management of skin conditions (like acne, psoriasis) and cancers like superficial skin, esophageal and non-small cell lung cancers. In addition to these therapeutic effects, previous murine studies from our group have demonstrated that topical PDT induces immunosuppression in vivo. Thus, topical PDT of skin can generate systemic effects through unknown mechanisms. Our group showed that PDT induces an immunosuppressive effect which occurs partly via Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor …

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Multiple Genotoxic Agents Activate Atr Kinase Signaling In Quiescent Human Cells, Mariyyah Ahmed O. Madkhali Jan 2020

Multiple Genotoxic Agents Activate Atr Kinase Signaling In Quiescent Human Cells, Mariyyah Ahmed O. Madkhali

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The ATR protein kinase is activated in response to DNA damage and other forms of genotoxic stress caused by both environmental carcinogens and anti-cancer drugs. However, much of our understanding of ATR kinase function is limited to proliferating cells in which DNA replication stress is the primary signal for ATR activation and where the major regulatory targets of ATR signaling are proteins involved in DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression. Here we have used HaCaT keratinocytes maintained in a non-replicating, quiescent state in vitro to examine how cell killing by different genotoxic agents is impacted by cell growth status and …

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Role Of Exercise In Macrophage Polarization Of Perivascular Adipose Tissue And Adipose Tissue Inflammation In Hypertensive Mice Model, Venkata Sai Usha Sri Polaki Jan 2020

Role Of Exercise In Macrophage Polarization Of Perivascular Adipose Tissue And Adipose Tissue Inflammation In Hypertensive Mice Model, Venkata Sai Usha Sri Polaki

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Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. It can lead to severe health complications and increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and sometimes death. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is known as the adipose tissue (AT) surrounding all the blood vessels and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of the vascular disease. In vascular pathologies, PVAT increases in volume and becomes dysfunctional, with altered cellular composition and molecular characteristics. Macrophages have been found to accumulate in PVAT during hypertension, which might be involved …

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