Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health Commons^™

An Inventory And Condition Survey Of Rangelands In The North-Eastern Goldfields, Western Australia, H J. Pringle, S A. Gilligan, A M E Van Vreeswyk

Technical Bulletins

The inventory and condition survey of the north-eastern Goldfields, undertaken by the Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia (DAFWA) between 1988 and 1990, describes and maps the natural resources of the region’s pastoral leasehold land. This survey report provides a baseline record of the existence and condition of the natural area’s resources, to assist with the planning and implementation of land management practices. The report identified and described the condition of soils, landforms, vegetation, habitat, ecosystems, and declared plants and animals. It also assessed the impact of pastoralism and made land management recommendations. The area surveyed covers about 100 …

Bulletin 4241 - Chemical Control Of Insect Pests In Field Crops And Pastures, T. P. Quinn, G. P. Mangano, P. J. Michael

Bulletins 4000 -

Chemicals currently registered in Western Australia for use against pests of field crops and pasture are given in the table below. Trade names are listed alongside each chemical formulation.

Department of Agriculture Bulletin 4185 "Insect and allied pests of extensive fanning" will help you identify the pest(s) through coloured photographs, descriptions and keys. Information on the type of damage, life cycle and control is also provided. Further information is available in Farmnotes on specific pests and on pests of a particular crop.

The Poison Schedule for each product is indicated in the table. Extremely toxic chemicals are labelled as "dangerous …

Bulletin No 4222 - Management Of Properties With Pesticide Residues - Information For Farmers With Properties Affected By Organochlorine Pesticide Residues, Farran Dixon

Bulletins 4000 -

This publication is produced by the Department of Agriculture to help farmers who have been affected by the pesticide residue problem. Some material from previous issues has been included, so that as much information as possible is contained in a single publication. We suggest you keep it as a convenient reference on any aspect of the residue problem.

All owners of affected land are urged to read this publication carefully. This applies to the owners of any land which has a soil organochlorine residue level greater than 0.1 parts per million (ppm).

A management notice will be issued for each …

Bulletin No 4219 - Chemical Control Of Insect Pests In Field Crops And Pastures, T. P. Quinn, G. P. Mangano, P. J. Michael

Bulletins 4000 -

Chemicals currently registered in Western Australia for use against pests of field crops and pasture are given in the following tables. Trade names are listed alongside each chemical formulation.

Department of Agriculture Bulletin 4185 "Insect and allied pests of extensive farming" will help you identify the pest(s) through coloured photographs, descriptions and keys. Information on the type of damage, life cycle and control is also provided. Further information is available in Farmnotes on specific pests and on pests of a particular crop.

The Poison Schedule for each product is indicated in the table. Extremely toxic chemicals are labelled as "dangerous …

The Accumulation And Run-Down Of Dieldrin In Wethers Grazed On Paddocks Previously Treated With Dieldrin, Tony Albertsen, Roy Casey, Keith Croker

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

In mid 1987, the organochlorines (O/Cs) DDT, dieldrin, heptachlor and chlordane were deregistered for agricultural and horticultural use in Australia. These chemicals had been used widely, and land on several hundred Western Australian farms, particularly where potatoes had been grown, was contaminated with chemical residues. Livestock grazing pastures on such land was also contaminated, and our beef exports were threatened. In 1988, the Western Australian Department of Agriculture started a two-year project to collect information from sheep which were grazed on land that had previously been treated with O/Cs, particularly dieldrin. The levels of O/Cs in body and wool fats …

An Inventory And Condition Survey Of Rangelands In The Ashburton River Catchment, Western Australia, A A. Mitchell, A L. Payne, W F. Holman

Technical Bulletins

The inventory and condition survey of rangelands in the Ashburton River catchment, undertaken by the Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia (DAFWA) between 1976 and 1978, describes and maps the natural resources of the region’s pastoral leasehold land. This survey report provides a baseline record of the existence and condition of the natural area’s resources, to assist with the planning and implementation of land management practices. The report identified and described the condition of soils, landforms, vegetation, habitat, ecosystems, and declared plants and animals. It also assessed the impact of pastoralism and made land management recommendations. The area surveyed …

An Inventory And Condition Survey Of Rangelands In The Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia, A L. Payne, G F. Spencer, P J. Curry

Technical Bulletins

The inventory and condition survey of rangelands in the Carnarvon Basin, undertaken by the Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia (DAFWA) between 1980 and 1982, describes and maps the natural resources of the region’s pastoral leasehold land. This survey report provides a baseline record of the existence and condition of the natural area’s resources, to assist with the planning and implementation of land management practices. The report identified and described the condition of soils, landforms, vegetation, habitat, ecosystems, and declared plants and animals. It also assessed the impact of pastoralism and made land management recommendations. The area surveyed covers …

Fisheries Report No 74 - Marine Resources Map Of Western Australia- Part 2 - The Influence Of Oil On Marine Resources And Associated Activities With An Emphasis On Those Found In Western Australia, H. E. Jones

Fisheries Research Reports

Part 1 of the text accompanying the marine resources maps dealt with the resources and the morphological, hydrological and meteorological characteristics of the Western Australian coastal environment. This subsidiary part is concerned with the effects of oil on marine resources and associated commercial and recreational activities.

Accounts of oil on the seas due to natural seepages appeared in Europe in the sixteenth century on the return of Spanish and Portuguese ships from voyages to the Americas. One of the earliest reports of oil pollution from a man-made source was in 1754 when leakages from wooden petroleum barges were prevalent in …

How Rabbit Poisoning Methods Work, S H. Wheeler

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

While the "rabbit plauges" of the past are a distant memory for most farmers, rabbit numbers must still be controlled in many parts of Western Australia. Rabit control techniques rely heavily on poisoning, which given the right conditions can kill a high percentage of rabbits at risk.

Recent research by the Agricultural Protection Board has been aimed at determining how different poisons, baits and poisoning methods work. By knowing in detail how each method works and what influences its results, we can choose the best control method for a particular place and time, avoid costly failures, and increase the effectiveness …

1080 : A Selective Poison For Pests, D R. King

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Since the 1960s, the control programmes for rabbits and dingoes in Western Australia have relied heavily on the use of sodium monofluoroacetate, more commonly known as compound 1080. Large quantaties are used each year as it is a valuable substance for the control of vertebrate pests.

Once in the animal's body 1080 is converted to fluorocitrate, a poison which is highly toxic to most mammals. Fluorocitrate blocks the Krebs cycle, a fundamental pathway of energy exchange in animals and plants. The animal dies as a result of damage to the heart, or to the brain and central nervous system, or …

Bulletin 3967 - Cyanogenetic Plants Of Western Australia, T E H Aplin

Bulletins - 3000 - 3999

This article deals with those native, naturalized and cultivated plants, which by virtue of contained cyanogenetic glycosides, are known to be poisonous or potentially poisonous to livestock in Western Australia.

Cyanogenetic glycosides are chemical compounds which contain a cyanogen (cyanide) radical combined with a sugar molecule. The sugar moiety may differ in glycosides obtained from different plants, and as a consequence glycosides from different plants, containing different sugar moieties, may be given different names.

When a cyanogenetic glycoside is broken down by enzyme action, through injury to the plant or by microbial action in the digestive system of the animal, …

Progress In Mastitis Control : A Simple Control Programme That Works, G R. Olney, R. K. Mitchell

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Intensive Department of Agriculture work on the mastitis problem has resulted in development of a simple control programme that works in W.A. dairy herds.

Farmern receive regular advice on their herd mastitis levels, and advice is available on overcoming specific problems.

Cotton Fireweed : Potential Poison : Research Roundup, J Dickson, R. Hill

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Although long known as a potential toxic species because of its content, and although it is widely distribuited in all Australian States, cotton fireweed has not generally been consdidered toxic because it is unpalatable and not usually eaten by stock.

In 1973 cattle deaths occured near Ravensthorpe which led to research into Senecio quadridentatus (cotton fireweed).

The plant must be seen as a potential toxic species in situations where the lack of other feed forces cattle to eat the normally unpalatable cotton fireweed.

Poisonous Garden Plants And Other Plants Harmful To Man In Australia., T E H Aplin

Bulletins - 3000 - 3999

A number of commonly grown garden plants and many weeds found in gardens are know to be poisonous. Many species found outside garden situations are also harmful to man. All of these are potentially dangerous, particularly to children who are more likely to chew them. This bulletin has been complied in response to frequent requests for information on poisonous plants, particularly in relation to human poisonings.

Cattle Fertility Not Harmed By Pour-On Insecticides, D J. Barker

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Pour-on insecticides have been a feature of lice and fly control on cattle for many years and in many countries, but it seems that only in Western Australia have they been suspected of lowering fertility.

Frequent reports of this effect have been received by the Department of Agriculture since the first pour-on insecticide was marketed in W.A. in the late 1960's, culminating in the research work reported below.

The work clears pour-ons as a cause of reduced fertility in herds.

Chemicals For Argentine Ant Control, Clee Francis Howard Jenkins, P. N. Forte

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The Argentine ant is one of the most serious ant pests in the world and as such, has been the subject of large-scale control campaigns in several countries.

Early control measures against the Argentine ant in Western Australia involved quarantine of infected areas and the use of arsenical baits, based mainly on the so-called U.S. Government formula.

Since this time the hunt has been on for a more effective chemical, without undesirable effects.

Poison Plants Of Western Australia : The Toxic Species Of The Genus Gastrolobium And Oxylobium., T E H Aplin

Bulletins 4000 -

The toxic species of the genera Gastralobium and Oxylobium are a unquie group of poison plants whch have cause considerable economic loss to stock-raisers in Western Australia ever since early days of settlement.

Effect On Bees Of Insecticides Used On Rape, A C. Kessell

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Rapeseed could provide beekeepers in Western Australia with a valuable new honey crop—hut insecticidal spraying of rape at flowering time is a potentially serious threat to most commercial beekeepers.

There are indications that insect pollination may improve rapeseed yields, so both growers and beekeepers could gain from a co-operative approach to the problem. Spraying after sundown and preventing spray drift to nearby apiaries should avoid most losses.

Glume Blotch Of Wheat, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Glume blotch on wheat crops is seen frequently in some areas of Western Australia and was particularly severe in the West Midlands in 1971.

The disease is caused by the fungus Septoria nodorum which infects the leaves, stems and heads of the wheat plant.

Poison Sedge Can Kill Stock, M E. Nairn, T. E. H. Aplin, D. S. Petterson, A. J. Brighton

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

POISON SEDGE was first suspected of being toxic to livestock in Western Australia nearly 80 years ago.

Sudden deaths of sheep grazing areas on which poison sedge grew have been reported from many regions from Geraldton to Scott River.

This article reports a case of poisoning in the field, and the experimental reproduction of poison sedge toxicity in pen-fed sheep.

Chemical Control Of Eucalypts : Standing Timber, Stumps, Sucker Regrowth, Geoffrey A. Pearce

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The eucalypt is particularly well adapted to withstand long periods without rain. The characteristics which make this possible also make the tree difficult to kill, without removing the stump and part of the root system.

Grain Storage Pests And The Farmer, G D. Rimes, C. F. H. Jenkins

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

WITH the grain buying countries of the world becoming more selective, farmers must take all possible precautions to ensure that they deliver insect-free grain to country terminals.

Stringent requirements regarding insect contamination have been set down by the Department of Primary Industry for this coming season.

This article gives a complete programme for control of grain pests through preparation of buildings, storages and equipment, and treatment of grain.

Emergency Chlorination Of Farm Water Supplies, H C. Hughes

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

TOWARDS the end of summer (and especially in a drought) the risk of water in dams, soaks, wells or tanks becoming polluted is increased.

Bore water is much less likely to be affected unless the bore is poorly sited near a farm building, such as a shearing or milking shed, a pig pen, or a septic tank system.

Saltland Pastures, C V. Malcolm

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

FOLLOWING THE DEVELOPMENT of Agriculture in Western Australia considerable areas of highly productive land have become salt affected to the degree that normal crops and pastures cannot be grown.*

However, species and establishment methods are available which can bring at least some of this land back into production.

Control Of Weeds In Garden Areas, Geoffrey A. Pearce

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

THE present-day gardener does not appear to relish the tedious job of removing weeds by hand. It is a never-ending task and no sooner is one germination controlled than another appears.

Modern herbicides provide a ready answer for overcoming the weed problem in the home garden, but it is essential to select the correct chemical and to understand its limitations.

Poison Plants Of Western Australia : The Toxic Species Of The Genera Gastrolobium And Oxylobium : Prickly Poison And Bullock Poison, T E H Aplin

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

PRICKLY POISON is one of the most widely distributed and one of the most variable of species of the genus Gastrolobium.

Is Your Farm A Haven For Grain Pests, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Overseas markets insist that the grain they buy must be in sound condition and free of insect pests.

Keep your farm free of stored grain pests and you will help to protect our export markets and reduce the cost of treatment that you and your neighbours will bear.

Rabbit Increase : A Warning, A R. Tomlinson

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

THE increase in rabbits which has become apparent in many parts of our agricultural areas is a warning to those who considered the problem solved by myxomatosis that these pests are still present and are quite capable of building up to a major menace again, unless they are continually and effectively controlled.

Poultry : Toxic Factors In Protein Supplements, D F. Hessels

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The toxic effect of low quality and/or stale protein supplements can be a problem in the poultry industry.

This article describes trials carried out to assess their importance in Western Australia.

Vermin Control This Month, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

AS a service to landholders, the Agriculture Protection Board's Vermin Control Section will publish each month a resume of the main work which is applicable to that month and to advise readers where to obtain further detailed information.