Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health Commons^™

Assessment Of Lemon Juice Quality And Adulteration By Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry With Interactive And Interpretable Machine Learning, Weiting Lyu, Bo Yuan, Siyu Liu, James E. Simon, Qingli Wu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A total of 81 lemon juices samples were detected using an optimized UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS method and colorimetric assays. Concentration of 3 organic acids (ascorbic acid, malic acid and citric acid), 3 saccharides (glucose, fructose and sucrose) and 6 phenolic acids (trans-p-coumaric acid, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid) were quantified. Their total polyphenol, antioxidant activity and Ferric reducing antioxidant power were also measured. For the prediction of authentic and adulterated lemon juices and commercially sourced lemonade beverages based on the acquired metabolic profile, machine learning models including linear discriminant analysis, Gaussian naïve Bayes, lasso-regularized logistic regression, random forest (RF) …

Ursolic Acid Restores Sensitivity To Gemcitabine Through The Rage/Nf-Κb/Mdr1 Axis In Pancreatic Cancer Cells And In A Mouse Xenograft Model, Zih-Ying Lia, Sheng-Yi Chena, Gow-Chin Yen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Gemcitabine (GEM) is a first-line drug for pancreatic cancer therapy, but GEM resistance is easily developed in patients. Growing evidence suggests that cancer chemoprevention and suppression are highly associated with dietary phytochemical and microbiota composition. Ursolic acid (UA) has anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects; however, its role in improving cancer drug resistance in vivo remains unclear. In this study, the aim was to explore the role of UA in managing drug resistance-associated molecular mechanisms and the influence of gut microbiota. The in vitro results showed that receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NF-κB/p65), and multidrug …

Determination Of Phytochemical Compounds In Chicken Breast By Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Federico Cozzi, Irene Eder-Neuhauser, Klaus Teichmann, Mathias Zaunschirm

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous detection and quantification of five phytogenic compounds (carvone, menthol, thymol, carvacrol and methyl salicylate) in chicken breast. Chicken breast samples were analyzed using a QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) approach using acetonitrile as extraction solvent, followed by a d-SPE (dispersive-solid phase extraction) clean up step. The linearities for the 5 substances were studied in the range between 2 and 100 µg/L and the coefficients of determination (R2) were always > 0.995. Matrix effects were also assessed by comparing the slopes obtained in solvent and chicken breast …

Application Of A Comprehensive Metabolomics Approach For The Selection Of Flaxseed Varieties With The Highest Nutritional And Medicinal Attributes, Mohamed A. Salem, Shahira M. Ezzat, Patrick Giavalsico, Essam Abdel Sattar, Nebal El Tanbouly

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Flaxseed is considered an indispensable generally recognized as safe (GRAS) source of polyphenolic lignans, poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), fibers as well as minerals and vitamins. The metabolite content of flaxseed reflects its nutritional and medicinal value. Therefore, the selection of flaxseed variety for food industry is dependent on its metabolome. A metabolomics approach based on liquid or gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, has been applied to discriminate different flaxseed cultivars that are commercially available in Egypt. The available Sakha cultivars were subjected to a comprehensive metabolomics and lipidomics approach for investigation of their metabolomes. Our results showed that among …

Human Breast Milk-Based Nutritherapy: A Blueprint For Pediatric Healthcare, Pravin Shende, Bhakti Khanolkar

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Human Breast Milk (HBM) is a storehouse of micronutrients, macronutrients, immune factors, microbiota and numerous other bioactive macromolecules. Fulfilment of optimum nutritional requirements of more than 240 million malnourished infants worldwide is possible via adequate amount (570-900 mL/d) of breast milk administration to infants in first few years of life. Technological advancements enable study of multiple components of HBM like stem cells, bioactive proteins, micro RNAs, immunoglobulins and epithelial cells to understand their role in enhancement of nutritional value of HBM. Furthermore, immunological and protective functions of HBM against various illnesses like diabetes, anemia, respiratory and cardiovascular abnormalities, otitis media …

Current And Potential Applications Of Simultaneous Dsc-Ftir Microspectroscopy For Pharmaceutical Analysis, Shan-Yang Lin

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Quality control (QC) is the most important key issue in the pharmaceutical industry to ensure the quality of drug products. Many analytical instruments and techniques in pharmaceutical analysis are applied to assess the quality and quantity of the drugs. In the current and future trends, a combination of digitization, automation and hyphenation with high throughput on-line performance will be the topics for the future of pharmaceutical QC. The hyphenated analytical techniques have recently received great attention as unique means to solve complex analytical problems in a short period of time. This review article is an update on the recent potential …

A Meta-Analysis Of The Protein Components In Rattlesnake Venom, Anant Deshwal, Phuc Phan, Jyotishka Datta, Ragupathy Kannan, Suresh Kumar Thallapuranam

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

The specificity and potency of venom components give them a unique advantage in developing various pharmaceutical drugs. Though venom is a cocktail of proteins, rarely are the synergy and association between various venom components studied. Understanding the relationship between various components of venom is critical in medical research. Using meta-analysis, we observed underlying patterns and associations in the appearance of the toxin families. For Crotalus, Dis has the most associations with the following toxins: PDE; BPP; CRL; CRiSP; LAAO; SVMP P-I and LAAO; SVMP P-III and LAAO. In Sistrurus venom, CTL and NGF have the most associations. These associations …

A Living City: Food Accessibility And Urban Growth In New York City, Kat Coleman

Student Theses 2015-Present

This paper examines the way in which food equity and localization initiatives, specifically in New York City, are a vital response to urban growth and sustainable food demand. Improvements to the current food system in the form of changing the way food is produced, procured, stored, transported, and distributed improves nutrition and contributes to urban sustainability. Chapter 1 provides data on urban environmental justice issues related to food equity, drawing on research from the United Nations and food justice organizations in New York City. Chapter 2 explores the ethical issues surrounding food access and food justice in an increasingly urban …

A Convenient And Sensitive Colorimetric Iodide Assay Based On Directly Inducing Morphological Transformation Of Gold Nanostars, Rongju Zhou, Xiaohui Huang, Qingxiao An, Weizhen Xu, Yi Liu, Dong Xu, Suyan Wang, Qinlu Lin, Jianglin Zhang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

We propose a convenient and easy colorimetric assay for highly sensitive detection of iodide by using gold nanostars (GNSs) as probes. The assay relies on that iodide directly changes the morphology of GNSs and alters their longitudinal localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) without surface modifications and the use of other reagents. Upon increasing iodide concentration, GNSs gradually transformed to sphere gold nanoparticles, the absorbance at longitudinal LSPR decreased, and solution color varied from greenish blue to red, as confirmed by the UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. With this strategy, as low as 0.005 μM of iodide can be …

Quercetin Blocks The Aggressive Phenotype Of Triple Negative Breast Cancer By Inhibiting Igf1/Igf1r-Mediated Emt Program, Wei-Jen Chen, Jie-Heng Tsai, Li-Sung Hsu, Chih-Li Lin, Hui-Mei Hong, Min-Hsiung Pan

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The cancer-preventive activities of quercetin have been extensively studied in invasive breast cancer; however, the role of quercetin on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with overexpression of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) has not been resolved. In this article, we demonstrated that quercetin inhibited the activation of IGF1R and its downstream kinases Akt and Erk1/2 in a dose-dependent manner in human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (TNBC cell line). Related to this, quercetin markedly suppressed the metastatic phenotype and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of MDA-MB-231 cells by inhibiting the expression of EMT transcription factors Snail and Slug. Quercetin also increased the secretion of …

Suitability Of Sugar Alcohols As Antidiabetic Supplements: A Review, Nontokozo Z. Msomi, Ochuko L. Erukainure, Md. Shahidul Islam

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The major goals in the management of diabetes are to maintain normal control of glucose metabolism and glycemia. Dietary modification is one of the most recommended treatment modalities for diabetic patients. The use of foods sweetened with sugar alcohols (also known as polyols) such as xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol, maltitol, lactitol, isomalt and erythritol, has brought an escalating interest. Since some sugar alcohols do not raise plasma glucose, as they are partially digested and metabolised. Diet composition and adequacy may be altered by replacing carbohydrates with sugar alcohols. It has been established that these polyols are appropriate sugar substitutes for a …

Valorization Of Xylan In Agroforestry Waste Streams, Harrison Appiah

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Valorization of Xylan in Agroforestry Waste Streams.

Harrison Appiah

Microwave-assisted deep eutectic solvent and gamma-valerolactone metallic chloride catalyzed conversion of xylan to furfural were investigated using a 2x3 factorial experimental design at two levels of percent microwave power, reaction time, and catalyst concentration. The levels of each factor studied were (20%, 60% microwave power, 2, 4 minutes, and 10, 20mg) respectively. The effect of three metallic chloride catalysts (LiCl, FeCl3.6H20, CuCl2) on the conversion of xylan to furfural was also investigated. The gamma-valerolactone-ferric chloride sent system exhibited the highest mean yield of furfural (56.50%). The next highest furfural yield of …

Understanding The Potential Of Plasma Activated Liquids For Biomedical Applications, Evanthia Tsoukou

Doctoral

Atmospheric cold plasma has evolved as a new technology for applications used in biomedicine, agriculture and food industry. Recently, treatment of liquids using various atmospheric pressure plasmas has attracted much attention owing to multiple practical applications such as water purification, surface cleaning and decontamination with impact in dentistry, wound healing and sterilisation, or cancer therapy. The over-arching aim of this study is to build a better understanding of the parameters which govern the liquid chemistry generated in a liquid exposed to cold plasma and how these translate into biological effects on pro- and eu-karyotic organisms. The objective was to investigate …

Seaweed Polysaccharide In Food Contact Materials (Active Packaging, Intelligent Packaging, Edible Films, And Coatings), Kalpani Perera, Shubham Sharma, Dileswar Pradhan, Amit Jaiswal, Swarna Jaiswal

Articles

Food contact materials (FCMs) are materials that come in contact with food products such as food packaging which play a significant role in food quality and safety. Plastic, which is a major food packaging material, harms the ecosystem, wildlife, and the environment. As a result, numerous researches have been in progress on alternative polymers, which have similar properties as plastic but are also environmentally friendly (biodegradable). In recent years, the utilization of seaweed polysaccharides has piqued interest due to their biodegradability, non-toxicity, antioxidant capabilities, and excellent film formation ability. However, it has a number of drawbacks such as low tensile …

Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Ethanolic Extract Exhibited Activities That Inhibit -Glucosidase Enzymes And Postprandial Blood Glucose Elevation, Maria Dewi Puspitasari Tirtaningtyas Gunawan Puteri, Felicia Melissa Tjiptadi, Phebe Hendra, Filiana Santoso, Zalinar Udin, Nina Artanti, Florence Ignatia Florence Ignatia

Makara Journal of Science

Lemongrass is a common ingredient in Indonesian traditional herbal medicine that potently inhibits carbohydrate hydrolysis. In this study, the in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory (AGI) activity of lemongrass was compared with its in vivo activity to retard postprandial blood glucose elevation, and the bioactive compounds responsible for these activities were observed. Both water and ethanolic extracts of lemongrass (WLG and ELG, respectively) were tested in vitro for its inhibition of the sucrose and maltose hydrolyzing activities of rat intestinal glucosidase. ELG was observed to exert higher inhibitory activities (Sucrase IC₅₀ = 8.74 mg/mL; Maltase IC₅₀ = 18.93 mg/mL) than …

Acknowledgment Of Reviewers, Lily Chiu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

No abstract provided.

The Analytical And Biomedical Applications Of Carbon Dots And Their Future Theranostic Potential: A Review, Sukunya Ross, Ren-Siang Wu, Shih-Chun Wei, Gareth M. Ross, Huan-Tsung Chang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In recent years, carbon dots (C-dots) have gained appreciable interest owing to their unique optical properties, including tunable fluorescence, stability against photobleaching and photoblinking, and strong fluorescence. Simple and low-cost hydrothermal and electrochemical approaches have been widely used in the preparation of biocompatible and high-quality C-dots. Various C-dots have been used for the quantitation of small analytes, mostly based on analyte induced fluorescence quenching. Depending on the nature of precursors, synthetic conditions (such as reaction temperature and time), and surface conjugation, multi-function C-dots can be prepared and used in diagnostics and therapeutics. Their strong fluorescence and photostability, enables use in …

Nanomaterial-Based Adsorbents And Optical Sensors For Illicit Drug Analysis, Chun-Hsien Chen, Chun-Chi Wang, Po-Yun Ko, Yen-Ling Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The abuse of illicit drugs has been prevalent in recent years and is associated with crime and public health issues. To strengthen public security and fortify public health services with respect to the increasing severity of drug abuse, academic and government institutes have been devoted to constructing relative analytical methods for illicit drugs. To date, the development of sensors has been greatly emphasized due to their features of high sensitivity, prompt detection and flexible manipulation; thus, sensors can serve as alternatives to conventional sophisticated instruments. Recently, the use of nanomaterials has inspired the development of a series of innovative sample …

Gold Nanoparticle-Based Colorimetric And Electrochemical Sensors For The Detection Of Illegal Food Additives, Li Li, Ming Zhang, Wei Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Lately, scandals associated with the illegal addition of poisonous chemicals to food for commercial interests have been gradually disclosed to the public. Problems related to food safety do not only harm public health but also affect the stability of economic and social development. Food safety has become a common issue in society, and strengthening the related regulations have become increasingly important. Although conventional techniques are accurate and sensitive in the detection of the vast majority of illegal food additives, they rely on time-consuming, labor-intensive procedures that depend on expensive instruments. Thus, efficient and rapid identification of poisonous, illegal additives in …

Improved Food Additive Analysis By Ever-Increasing Nanotechnology, Jing Zhang, Shui Hu, Yi Du, Ding Cao, Guirong Wang, Zhiqin Yuan

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Improper use of food additives may lead to potential threat to human health, making it important to develop sensitive and selective method for the detection of them. Nanomaterials with unique chemical and electrochemical properties show extensive applications in the design of food additive sensing systems. In this review, we summarize the recently adopted electrochemical and optical analysis of food additives based on nanomaterials. Detection of typical food additives (colorants and preservatives) by using different sensing mechanisms and strategies are provided. In addition, determination of illegal food additives is also briefly introduced. Finally, this review highlights the challenges and future trend …

Electrowetting-On-Dielectric (Ewod): Current Perspectives And Applications In Ensuring Food Safety, Snigdha Roy Barman, Imran Khan, Subhodeep Chatterjee, Subhajit Saha, Dukhyun Choi, Sangmin Lee, Zong-Hong Lin

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Digital microfluidic (DMF) platforms have contributed immensely to the development of multifunctional lab-on-chip systems for performing complete sets of biological and analytical assays. Electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) technology, due to its outstanding flexibility and integrability, has emerged as a promising candidate for such lab-on-chip applications. Triggered by an electrical stimulus, EWOD devices allow precise manipulation of single droplets along the designed electrode arrays without employing external pumps and valves, thereby enhancing the miniaturization and portability of the system towards transcending important laboratory assays in resource-limited settings. In recent years, the simple fabrication process and reprogrammable architecture of EWOD chips have led to …

Nanomaterial-Based Fluorescent Biosensor For Veterinary Drug Detection In Foods, Xiaoqi Tao, Yuanyuan Peng, Juewen Liu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Veterinary drugs have been widely used in the food industry. Their residues in food products need to be tightly regulated to ensure food safety. In particular, some veterinary drugs are still used illegally, although they have already been banned. Nanomaterials are playing an increasingly important role in analytical chemistry due to their unique properties. Compared to traditional organic dyes and colloidal gold nanoparticle labels, fluorescent nanomaterials appear particularly attractive for the detection of veterinary drug residues. This review summarizes recent advancements of fluorescent biosensors using nanomaterials for the detection of veterinary drug residues in foods. The useful properties of each …

Carbon Quantum Dots For The Detection Of Antibiotics And Pesticides, Han-Wei Chu, Binesh Unnikrishnan, Anisha Anand, Yang-Wei Lin, Chih-Ching Huang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are novel nanomaterials with interesting physical and chemical properties, which are intensely studied only in the last decade. Unique properties, such as its inherent fluorescent property, high resistance to photobleaching, high surface area, ease of synthesis, flexible choice of precursor, and surface tunability enable CQDs for promising application in biosensing. Therefore, it is highly useful in clinical, forensic, medical, food and drug analyses, disease diagnosis, and various other fields of biosensing. In addition, their fluorescence properties are tunable by the interaction with certain molecules via different mechanisms, which enables their application for sensing of those molecules, …

Noble Metal Nanomaterial-Based Aptasensors For Microbial Toxin Detection, Yue He, Cong-Ying Wen, Zhi-Jun Guo, Yu-Fen Huang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Microbial toxins generated by bacteria, fungi and algae cause serious food-safety problems due to the frequent contamination of foodstuffs and their poisonous nature. Becoming acquainted with the contamination condition of foodstuffs is highly dependent on developing sensitive, specific, and accurate methods for targeting microbial toxins. Aptamers, obtained from systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX), have significant advantages for microbial toxin analysis, such as small size, reproducible chemical synthesis, and modification, as well as high binding affinity, specificity, and stability. Besides, aptamers have a predictable structure and can be tailored using biomolecular tools (e.g., ligase, endonuclease, exonuclease, …

Perspective On Recent Developments Of Nanomaterial Based Fluorescent Sensors: Applications In Safety And Quality Control Of Food And Beverages, Ailing Han, Sijia Hao, Yayu Yang, Xia Li, Xiaoyu Luo, Guozhen Fang, Jifeng Liu, Shuo Wang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

As the highly toxic pollutants will seriously harm human health, it is particularly important to establish the analysis and detection technology of food pollutants. Compared with the traditional detection methods, fluorescent detection technique based on nanomaterials trigger wide interesting because of reduced detection time, simple operation, high sensitivity and selectivity and economic. In this review, the application of fluorescent sensors in food pollutants detection is presented. Firstly, conventional fluorescent nanomaterials including metal-based quantum dots, carbon-based quantum dots and metal nanoclusters were summarized, with emphasis on the photoluminescence mechanism. Then, the fluorescence sensors based on these nanomaterials for food pollutants detection …

Preface, Huan-Tsung Chang, Yu-Fen Huang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

No abstract provided.

Assessment Of Grain Safety In Developing Nations, Jose R. Mendoza

Department of Food Science and Technology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Grains are the most widely consumed foods worldwide, with maize (Zea mays) being frequently consumed in developing countries where it feeds approximately 900 million people under the poverty line of 2 USD per day. While grain handling practices are acceptable in most developed nations, many developing nations still face challenges such as inadequate field management, drying, and storage. Faulty grain handling along with unavoidably humid climates result in recurrent fungal growth and spoilage, which compromises both the end-quality and safety of the harvest. This becomes particularly problematic where there is little awareness about health risks associated with poor …

A Mechanistic Study On The Non-Genotoxic Carcinogenicity Of The Food Contaminant Semicarbazide, Daniel P. Fitzpatrick

SURE Journal: Science Undergraduate Research Experience Journal

Semicarbazide was brought to the forefront of scientific discussions by the scientific community in the early 2000’s as the substance was discovered in several food products from both synthetic and natural sources. Although semicarbazide was processed through several toxicological assays and classified as a non-genotoxic carcinogen, underwhelming amounts of toxicological data exists for the compound. The present study is one of the first in-vitro studies to examine the relationship between sub-pathophysiological concentrations of reactive oxygen species and the anomalous non-genotoxic carcinogenicity induced by semicarbazide through the upregulation of intracellular signalling pathways. A novel finding of the present study was where …

Homicide And Drug Trafficking In Impoverished Communities In Brazil, Elenice De Souza Oliveira, Braulio Figueiredo Alves Da Silva, Flavio Luiz Sapori, Gabriela Gomes Cardoso

Department of Justice Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Many studies demonstrate that homicides are heavily concentrated in impoverished neighborhoods, but not all socially disadvantaged neighborhoods are hotbeds of violence. Conducted in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, this study hypothesizes that the association between high rates of homicide and impoverished areas is influenced by the emergence of a specific type of street drug-dealing common to favelas (slums). The study applies econometric techniques to police data on homicides and drug arrests from 2008 to 2011, as well as 2010 Census data, to test its hypothesis. The findings provide insight into the development of crime prevention policies in areas of high social vulnerability.

Corrigendum To “Physicochemical Analysis And Nonisothermal Kinetic Study Of Sertralineelactose Binary Mixtures”, Farnaz Monajjemzadeh

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

No abstract provided.