Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Biology

Institution
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 181 - 210 of 540

Full-Text Articles in Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health

The Synthesis And Characterization Of Ionic Liquids Using Nitrogen-Based Cations For Transdermal Delivery, Jo Galloway May 2022

The Synthesis And Characterization Of Ionic Liquids Using Nitrogen-Based Cations For Transdermal Delivery, Jo Galloway

Honors Theses

The purpose of this research was to explore the synthesis mechanisms of water-soluble ionic liquids with nitrogen-containing cationic bases for future use in transdermal drug delivery and forensic science applications. Ionic liquids are salts with an organic cation and either an organic or inorganic anion. They have asymmetric structures, which means that the molecules don’t pack together as neatly as other salts do, therefore, they don’t crystallize as easily, and their melting points are lower. Ionic liquids have melting points below 100°C, and many are liquid at room temperature. Mechanistic studies reveal that the potency of ILs in enhancing transdermal …

Go to article

Regaining Effort-Based Food Motivation: The Drug Methylphenidate Reverses The Depressive Effects Of Tetrabenazine In Female Rats, Deanna Pietrorazio May 2022

Regaining Effort-Based Food Motivation: The Drug Methylphenidate Reverses The Depressive Effects Of Tetrabenazine In Female Rats, Deanna Pietrorazio

Honors Scholar Theses

Tetrabenazine (TBZ), a vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 (VMAT-2) inhibitor, depletes dopamine and induces motivational deficits and other depressive symptoms in humans. Methylphenidate (MPH) is a dopamine transport blocker that is used to enhance motivational function. Previous studies have shown that in male rats, TBZ induces a shift in effort-related choice such that a low-effort bias is induced. In male rats this occurs at a dose range of 0.75-1.0 mg/kg TBZ, and this effect is reversible with co-administration of MPH. Recent studies have shown that females need a higher dose of TBZ (2.0 mg/kg) to show the low-effort bias. The …

Go to article

Removal Of Arsenic (Iii) And Arsenic (V) From Aqueous Solution Via Common Sunflower Helianthus Annuus By Phytoremediation, Irving A. Vazquez Hurtado May 2022

Removal Of Arsenic (Iii) And Arsenic (V) From Aqueous Solution Via Common Sunflower Helianthus Annuus By Phytoremediation, Irving A. Vazquez Hurtado

Theses and Dissertations

Phytoremediation provides a cost-effective, non-invasive technique to remove contaminants from the soil and groundwater. Sunflowers are fast growing and have a showed effective at removing various pollutants from soil, including lead and other heavy metals. Health issues related to arsenic are mainly attributed to exposure of arsenite, whereas arsenate is much less toxic. The common sunflower Helianthus annuus was the species used to remove both arsenic (III) and As(V) ions from hydroponics solutions. In the present study sunflower seeds were germinated for a week, placed under the sun for a day and subsequently placed in a nutrient solution to aid …

Go to article

Effects Of 2,4-Di-Tert-Butylphenol On Osteogenic And Myogenic Differentiation Of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Thanh-Bình Dương May 2022

Effects Of 2,4-Di-Tert-Butylphenol On Osteogenic And Myogenic Differentiation Of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Thanh-Bình Dương

All Theses

Synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) are a class of compounds used to increase the durability of polymers as well as to increase the shelf-life of food, cosmetics, and other personal care items. Of these SPAs is 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DBP). 2,4-DBP is primarily used in polyethylene crosspolymer pipes, which are now used as a replacement for the traditional copper pipes for household water distribution. However, 2,4-DBP has been found to leach from these pipes into the water, enabling a mode of exposure to humans. 2,4-DBP has been detected in human urine, serum, but more importantly, maternal serum, placenta, and cord blood. …

Go to article

The Various Nervous System Drugs Commonly Used For Treatment And The Disparities In Availability Of These Drugs In Minority Groups, Iman Haurami Apr 2022

The Various Nervous System Drugs Commonly Used For Treatment And The Disparities In Availability Of These Drugs In Minority Groups, Iman Haurami

Honors Scholars Collaborative Projects

The nervous system is a complex network in our body that is responsible for actions, reflexes, and even sensations. With the brain being part of the CNS, many common nervous system disorders are due to a defect in the central nervous system and the functions of this organ. These disorders include mental health problems, degenerative diseases, seizures, infections, and other possible genetic diseases. Many of these diseases are common in society and constantly researched. Even though these diseases are common, treatment accessibility and effects on people of minority groups are overlooked compared to the focus on majority groups. For drug …

Go to article

Study Proposal For Additional Investigation Of Epac1 In Endothelial Apoptosis, Anh Luu Apr 2022

Study Proposal For Additional Investigation Of Epac1 In Endothelial Apoptosis, Anh Luu

ONU Student Research Colloquium

Inflammatory states such as sepsis are associated with elevated tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-⍺), which facilitates inflammation, increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress, and contributes to death of endothelial cells (EC). Exchange Factor Directly Activated by cAMP (EPAC1) is an intracellular cyclic-AMP (cAMP) sensor involved in EC responses such as barrier function, angiogenesis and proliferation. Previous studies in our lab demonstrated activation of EPAC1 protected EC from TNF⍺-induced cell death. Specifically, microvascular EC were pretreated for 45 minutes with 100 mM 8-pCPT-2′-O-Me-cAMP (8CPT, specific EPAC1 activator) or 10 mM forskolin (adenylyl cyclase activator that increases …

Go to article

Assessing Environmental Factors That Influence Cyanobacterial Blooms In Skinn Lake, Kloe Atwood Apr 2022

Assessing Environmental Factors That Influence Cyanobacterial Blooms In Skinn Lake, Kloe Atwood

Honors Projects

Global lakes are experiencing an increase in toxic algal blooms that can be damaging to the environment. These blooms are caused by cyanobacteria, specifically a species called Planktothrix. Skinn Lake, in Ohio, is a location of a cyanobacterial bloom that is mainly populated by Planktothrix rubescens. This lake was further examined to identify the major toxin-producing bacteria and identify environmental microbes surrounding the bloom. When the data was examined it was found that the microbiomes of the lake greatly differed between the winter (bloom) months and the summer (non-bloom) months. This difference can be viewed within the nutrient analysis from …

Go to article

The Effects Of Paclitaxel On Cellular Migration And The Cytoskeleton, Ashley Salguero-Gonzalez Apr 2022

The Effects Of Paclitaxel On Cellular Migration And The Cytoskeleton, Ashley Salguero-Gonzalez

Thinking Matters Symposium

In a clinical setting, some patients are exposed to an anti-cancer chemotherapy agent, paclitaxel. Cancerous cells undergo rapid, continuous cell division without control. Chemotherapy treatments try to slow and stop the uncontrollable cell division cycles and eliminate cancerous cells in the process. Paclitaxel serves as a treatment for some types of cancers, including lung, melanoma, bladder, and esophageal. Because it targets the cytoskeleton, paclitaxel can also influence cell migration. This project utilizes a cellular migration assay and an immunohistochemistry assay to analyze the effects of paclitaxel on the movement of cells and on the cytoskeleton of neuroglia rat cells with …

Go to article

Xenotransplants: The Risks And Benefits, Sima Langner Jan 2022

Xenotransplants: The Risks And Benefits, Sima Langner

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

This literature review discusses how xenotransplants from animals, especially pigs, can serve as viable alternatives to allotransplants. There are many ways of ensuring the health of the host, including testing the donor pig for cytomegalovirus, Epstein Barr virus, simian agent 8, and other viruses linked to transmitted infections. The Galα-1,3-Gal epitope and N-glycolylneuraminic acid are both recognized by human antibodies and induce rejection. To remedy this, double knockout pigs have been developed that lack both. The human complement system serves as another potential pitfall for xenotransplants that can be neutralized by introducing human complement regulatory proteins into transgenic animals pre-transplant. …

Go to article

Full Issue: Volume 16, Number 1, Fall 2022 Jan 2022

Full Issue: Volume 16, Number 1, Fall 2022

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Complete .pdf file of Volume 16, Number 1 of The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences. Published Fall 2022.

Go to article

Crohn’S Disease: Risk Factors As Pathways To Treatment, Yonina Wallerstein Jan 2022

Crohn’S Disease: Risk Factors As Pathways To Treatment, Yonina Wallerstein

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Objective: This paper discusses the research available regarding risk factors of Crohn’s disease. Risk factors are analyzed to determine which are the most likely to cause pathogenesis. Discussion includes a definition of the disease, including new ways to diagnose and treat it. Prevalence amongst different populations is reviewed to consider a broad variety of environmental and genetic factors. Risk factors and research of affected populations lead to the study of the microbiome and how that must be further studied to broaden understanding and treatment options.

Go to article

Effective Treatments For Onychomycosis, Jonathan Knobel Jan 2022

Effective Treatments For Onychomycosis, Jonathan Knobel

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Background: Onychomycosis is a highly prevalent nail infective disorder. Many treatments, with varied success rates and side effects, are used. Objectives: To assess the most recommended treatment for Onychomycosis with the optimal cure rate and least severe side effects. Search Methods: PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCO Multisearch, and Google Scholar were used to gather information. Search terms such as “Onychomycosis,” and “Effective treatments for Onychomycosis” etc. were used. Results: Effective treatments include oral, topical, nail avulsion, and laser treatments. Topical treatments have low cure rates and minimal side effects. Oral treatments have various side effects but the highest mycological and clinical cure …

Go to article

How Is H. Pylori Implicated In The Etiology Of Cancer?, Chaya S. Lowy Jan 2022

How Is H. Pylori Implicated In The Etiology Of Cancer?, Chaya S. Lowy

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Gastric cancer is a major public health concern due to the many deaths it is associated with. H. pylori is present in almost all gastric cancer patients; thus, it is fundamental to understand how H. pylori is implicated in the etiology of gastric cancer. The research in this paper is primarily based on studies acquired from Touro College Online Libraries. The bacteria have the means to survive the harsh environment of the stomach by creating a safe microenvironment and propelling themselves toward safer territory. If the bacteria attach to host cells, H. pylori injects cytotoxin-associated protein A (CagA) and vacuolating …

Go to article

Retinal Detachment: What Are The Types And Potential Causes?, Mera Skoblo Jan 2022

Retinal Detachment: What Are The Types And Potential Causes?, Mera Skoblo

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Retinal detachment is one of the few ocular emergencies. Depending on the extensiveness of the detachment, and whether it is macula on or macula off, will affect the patient’s visual acuity after treatment. Therefore, it is vital that after experiencing any common retinal detachment symptoms, the patient sees an ophthalmologist immediately. High-risk factors for retinal detachment include aging, ocular trauma, high myopia, and prior eye surgery. Statistically, the cause of a given retinal detachment often determines the specific type of detachment that occurs. There are three forms of retinal detachment, categorized separately based on their anatomical characteristics.

Go to article

Gene Therapy For Cancer Treatment, Nechama Grossman Jan 2022

Gene Therapy For Cancer Treatment, Nechama Grossman

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Cancer is a genetic disease in which cells grow uncontrollably and can spread throughout the body. Cancer cells have distinguishing traits which facilitate their unlimited growth; these traits can be used in the development of gene therapy cancer treatment, which includes: CRISPR, a gene-editing tool that can precisely modify human DNA; Kymriah, which induces T cells to kill cancer cells; Gendicine and zinc metallochaperones, which utilize p53, a protein vital for the destruction of cancer cells. Scientists continue to improve gene therapy treatments, making them available to more patients and decreasing the toxicity of treatments.

Go to article

Physical Therapy In The Treatment And Prevention Of Pelvic Floor Dysfunctions In Women, Tova Feigenbaum Jan 2022

Physical Therapy In The Treatment And Prevention Of Pelvic Floor Dysfunctions In Women, Tova Feigenbaum

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Pelvic floor dysfunctions are a widespread health issue that significantly disrupts the quality of life of those afflicted. This paper aims to present the research that proves how physical therapy, specifically pelvic floor muscle training, is an effective way to treat and prevent pelvic floor dysfunctions in women. Extensive research was done on the topic by exploring numerous scholarly databases and analyzing relevant articles on experimental trials, studies, and their results. After gaining an understanding of pelvic floor dysfunctions, studying the methodology of pelvic floor physical therapy, and examining numerous successful clinical trials, it has been determined that physical therapy …

Go to article

Are Clear Aligners Better Than The Conventional Orthodontic Fixed Appliances?, Adelle Perkelvald Jan 2022

Are Clear Aligners Better Than The Conventional Orthodontic Fixed Appliances?, Adelle Perkelvald

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Clear aligner therapy (CAT) has become an attractive alternative for orthodontic treatment as more adolescents and young adults pursue othodontic care. CAT is comprised of removable transparent appliances that offer a more aesthetic appearance to prospective patients. Recent studies have shown that CAT efficiency and efficacy for orthodontic procedures for cases of mild to moderate malocclusions are of equal or greater caliber to those of conventional fixed appliances. Clear aligners are also found to be less painful, better for periodontal health, and more accessible in comparison with fixed appliances. For those meeting the criteria for CAT, clear aligners may be …

Go to article

An Analysis Of Different Treatment Options For Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Ariella Shifteh Jan 2022

An Analysis Of Different Treatment Options For Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Ariella Shifteh

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is a highly dangerous autoimmune disease. Type 1 diabetes is most commonly seen in children and young adults as pancreatic Beta (B) cell destruction is highest at this age. Patients with Type 1 Diabetes are required to take insulin injections to compensate for their lack of insulin, but many patients still have episodes of hyperglycemia. This paper analyzes and compares the effectiveness of different treatment options. The standard approach is to prescribe insulin injections, but this analysis finds insulin injections in conjunction with oral medications such as Metformin and Sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT) inhibitors has a positive …

Go to article

Cerebral Organoids As Models For Neurological Disorders, Esther Karman Jan 2022

Cerebral Organoids As Models For Neurological Disorders, Esther Karman

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Despite the devastating effects of neurological disorders on millions of people each year, for decades, brain research remained stagnant in the face of scientific advancement in other areas. Ethical concerns, debilitating costs, and a lack of suitable models created an unfriendly environment for the study of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and gliomas. Recent developments in the field of stem cells, including Yamanaka’s discovery of the four transcription factors necessary to induce pluripotency, and the subsequent culturing of induced pluripotent stem cell models known as organoids, opened …

Go to article

What Is The Best Method To Cure Hiv?, Israel Hacker Jan 2022

What Is The Best Method To Cure Hiv?, Israel Hacker

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a sexually transmitted retrovirus impacting millions of people worldwide. Strides have been made to cure and/or prevent various genetic mutations via gene editing. Scientists hope to rid of HIV on a genomic level which will also prevent Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) - a biproduct of HIV. HIV utilizes a mechanism that counteracts the innate, adaptive, and intrinsic immune systems. Because the virus’s replication takes place in the lymphatic organs, the infection traverses the entire bloodstream. Due to the complexity of HIV and AIDS, their constant evolution, and their effect on a genomic level, no cures …

Go to article

Can Stem Cell Transplantation Restore Insulin Levels In Diabetics?, Nechama Mendelson Jan 2022

Can Stem Cell Transplantation Restore Insulin Levels In Diabetics?, Nechama Mendelson

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

A recent public interest in stem cell research has led to new approaches to treat various pathologies, including diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to the inability of the β cells in the pancreas to produce insulin. Therefore, the standard diabetes treatment is introducing insulin to the bloodstream. With the advancement of stem cell therapy, a new approach to treating diabetes mellitus is being researched. Scientists are working to differentiate pluripotent stem cells into mature insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. These cells are then transplanted into in vivo models and observed after a glucose challenge for …

Go to article

Effect Of Metal-Containing Nanoparticles On Bacterial Biofilms And On The Microbiome Of Girardia Tigrina, Azar Saikali Jan 2022

Effect Of Metal-Containing Nanoparticles On Bacterial Biofilms And On The Microbiome Of Girardia Tigrina, Azar Saikali

West Chester University Master’s Theses

Anthropogenically-produced nanoparticles are a form of nanotechnology being used in industries including food and textiles. Humans and livestock are frequently exposed to metal-containing nanoparticles (MCNPs), that have been washed into streams and rivers, have been deliberately used in food packaging as antimicrobials, preservatives or for supplementation. The animal microbiome, which consists of a diverse community of microorganisms, provides a number of benefits to the host in terms of nutrition availability, immune support, and can influence behavior. Biofilms of diverse microbes may cause detrimental effects, for instance by causing dental diseases in humans. However, the scientific community has not reached consensus …

Go to article

An Analysis On Various Treatment Options For Triple-Negative Breast Cancer, Elisheva Dusowitz Jan 2022

An Analysis On Various Treatment Options For Triple-Negative Breast Cancer, Elisheva Dusowitz

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is a highly invasive, under-researched subtype of Breast Cancer. Patients lack receptors for the protein Human Epidermal Growth Factor, and both estrogen and progesterone. This negatively impacts treatment by making all hormone-sensitive treatments unavailable to TNBC patients. Since the effectiveness of various options has remained understudied, the prognosis remains poor. This paper attempts to analyze and compare the effectiveness of various treatment options. Because TNBC is very aggressive, the standard approach is to jump in with harsh surgical procedures, including mastectomies and lumpectomies. This analysis finds that more aggressive treatment may not be necessary to treat …

Go to article

The Development And Future Of Prosthetics Controlled By Myoelectrical Impulses, Chaya Podemski Jan 2022

The Development And Future Of Prosthetics Controlled By Myoelectrical Impulses, Chaya Podemski

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Objective: To document the developmental history of prostheses to better understand the circumstances that led to enabling amputees to experience touch through sensory reinnervation surgery in conjunction with an innovative bionic arm; and to prove that sensory reinnervation is the key to further progress. Methods: The topic was researched extensively using scholarly databases and read relevant accounts of experimental studies and outcomes. Results: By examining the progress made in the field of prostheses, it has been determined that a sensory reinnervation technique is at the forefront of bionic limb technology and predict that it will continue to be utilized and …

Go to article

Full Issue: Volume 15, Number 2, Spring 2022 Jan 2022

Full Issue: Volume 15, Number 2, Spring 2022

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Complete .pdf file of Volume 15, Number 2 of The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences. Published Spring 2022.

Go to article

Is Deep Brain Stimulation A Desirable Therapy For Parkinson’S Disease?, Chana Steinberg Jan 2022

Is Deep Brain Stimulation A Desirable Therapy For Parkinson’S Disease?, Chana Steinberg

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that currently impacts 6.1 million people globally. Although it has different presentations, its core features are tremors, postural instability, bradykinesia (slowing of movement), and psychological disabilities such as mood disorders and cognitive decline. A primary treatment is Levodopa, but it has limited success. A promising treatment called Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) has been shown to induce significant improvements in motor skills where Levodopa has failed to help. Deep Brain Stimulation works via implanted electrodes. It has been used successfully in many studies to decrease motor issues associated with Parkinson’s, but potential side effects pose …

Go to article

Cardiovascular Disease - Is A Whole Food Plant-Based Diet The Answer?, Shalom Katz Jan 2022

Cardiovascular Disease - Is A Whole Food Plant-Based Diet The Answer?, Shalom Katz

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Objective: To determine if a whole food plant-based diet can prevent and cure cardiovascular disease. Results: People on whole food plant-based diets exhibit extremely low levels of plasma LDL. Another risk factor for developing atherosclerosis, is inhibited production of nitric oxide, which is vital for healthy blood flow. One of the main inhibitors of nitric oxide production is asymmetric dimethyl-l-arginine (ADMA). An inverse relationship was found between dietary fat and ADMA levels. The diets with the best results were the diets where oil intake was reduced to a minimum. Clinically, people who went on whole food plant-based diets had their …

Go to article

Osteoporosis: A Comprehensive Review, Eliyahu Greenberg Jan 2022

Osteoporosis: A Comprehensive Review, Eliyahu Greenberg

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Osteoporosis is a disease of the skeleton that becomes more common with advanced age, especially in postmenopausal women. Osteoporosis increases the risk of fractures, thereby reducing the quality of life for those who suffer from it. Due to the aging population, direct costs resulting from osteoporosis are projected to reach upward of $25 billion per year by 2025. The main pharmaceuticals primarily target osteoclasts. Exercise may be an effective method of preventing osteoporosis, although more research needs to be done. More research should be conducted to explore potential ways to enhance osteoblastic activity as a method to treat and/or reverse …

Go to article

Does Exercise Make You Smarter?, Avi Derkhidam Jan 2022

Does Exercise Make You Smarter?, Avi Derkhidam

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Physical exercise has been applauded for its beneficial cardiovascular and mental effects for decades. Recently, researchers have begun to study exercise from a different perspective, focusing on the positive relationship between exercise and cognition. One area of cognition highlighted in association with exercise is its positive impact on executive function. Executive function refers to the collection of neurocognitive processes involved in goal-directed problem-solving. Improved levels of cognitive function have been found to impact significant achievements throughout life. Because of this, the development, improvement, and preservation of these functions are essential. While research has proven a correlation between exercise and improved …

Go to article

Can Androgenetic Alopecia Be Reversed And What Are The Effective Treatments?, Michelle Aminova Jan 2022

Can Androgenetic Alopecia Be Reversed And What Are The Effective Treatments?, Michelle Aminova

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Androgenic alopecia (AGA), also known as male and female pattern baldness, is the loss of hair on the scalp for both men and women. The onset of hair loss for men suffering from this condition can occur as early as their teens or early 20s. Symptoms include a receding hairline and gradual disappearance of hair at the vertex and frontal scalp. When women have female pattern baldness (FPB), their hair doesn’t appear thinning until they reach their 40s or older. Generally, women experience a thinning of the hair over the whole scalp, with the most extensive hair loss at the …

Go to article

First Prev Next Last