Nutrition Commons^™

Obesity Related Perceptions And Practices Among Educators In The Expanded Food And Nutrition Education Program, Poonam Mahajan

Theses and Dissertations--Nutrition and Food Systems

Childhood obesity has increased significantly in the past decade. The same factors putting adults at risk for obesity apply to children as well. For children, the family environment may be one of the largest factors. Obesity affects both adults and children of low socioeconomic status. It also affects families living in the Appalachian region of the United States more frequently than other regions. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between obesity related behaviors and nutrition education among Appalachian participants in the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP). For this study eleven educators from the Appalachian …

Nutrition Knowledge Of Consumers And Health Professionals And The Use Of Menu Calorie Labeling, Kate Louise Perkins

Theses and Dissertations--Nutrition and Food Systems

The purpose of this study is to assess the need for menu labeling of calories based on the ability of food consumers to identify lower calorie options. By surveying consumers in Kentucky and Ohio and health professionals in Kentucky about their awareness of caloric content, basic nutrition knowledge and ability to choose lower calorie options, we can predict the potential benefit of menu labeling initiatives and the amount of education that will be necessary for consumers to effectively use menu labeling to make informed decisions on calorie intake. Through online surveys, it was determined that consumers were better able to …

Evaluation Of The Body Composition Of Female Collegiate Athletes Using The Bod Pod, Adrienne Jennifer Glodt Baker

Theses and Dissertations--Nutrition and Food Systems

The body composition of female collegiate athletes was measured using the Bod Pod® device. The sample consisted of 75 student athletes, aged 18 to 22 years old. Five sports at the university level were represented, including basketball, gymnastics, soccer, swimming & diving, and soccer. Participants were measured at the preseason and postseason periods. Overall, participants in all five sports were not found to change significantly in total body mass, fat mass, fat free mass, percent body fat, or body mass index from the preseason period to the postseason period at the alpha = 0.05 level. On average, the members from …

Environmental Perceptions And Objective Walking Trail Audits Inform A Community-Based Participatory Research Walking Intervention, Jamie Zoellner, Jennie L. Hill, Karen Zynda, Alicia D. Sample, M. Kathleen Yadrick

Faculty Publications

Background: Given the documented physical activity disparities that exist among low-income minority communities and the increased focused on socio-ecological approaches to address physical inactivity, efforts aimed at understanding the built environment to support physical activity are needed. This community-based participatory research (CBPR) project investigates walking trails perceptions in a high minority southern community and objectively examines walking trails. The primary aim is to explore if perceived and objective audit variables predict meeting recommendations for walking and physical activity, MET/minutes/week of physical activity, and frequency of trail use. Methods: A proportional sampling plan was used to survey community residents in this …

Explaining Benefit Utilization Variability In Fmnp In Kentucky: An Application Of Pierre Bourdieu’S Theory, Stephanie M. Holcomb-Kreiner

Theses and Dissertations--Sociology

Research has demonstrated the crucial role fresh fruit and vegetable consumption plays in maintaining good health. However, most Americans do not consume adequate amounts, and low-income Americans consume the lowest quantities of fresh fruits and vegetables. The Farmers’ Market Nutrition Program (FMNP) and Senior Farmers’ Market Nutrition Program (SFMNP) attempts to rectify this situation by providing vouchers to low-income women, children, and elders that can be used only at farmers’ markets for the purchase of locally grown, fresh fruits and vegetables. Unfortunately, FMNP and SFMNP exhibit variable and often low benefit utilization. This variable and often low benefit utilization is …

Agriculture And Food In Crisis: Conflict, Resistance, And Renewal [Book Review], Charles A. Francis

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Edited by Fred Magdoff and Brian Tokar. 2010. Monthly Review Press, New York, New York, United States. 348 p. Paperback, cloth US$ 75.00, paper US$ 18.95, ISBN-13 978-1-58367-226-6.

That doubling of food production over the next four decades will be needed to adequately nourish our human population is not news, but the incredible steps essential to achieve that goal and their political and social implications are less well reported. In this series of 16 essays edited by Fred Magdoff and Brian Tokar, several thoughtful specialists in global food issues explore the historical, biological, economic, energy, political and social dimensions of …

Evolution Of Starvation Resistance In Drosophila Melanogaster: Measurement Of Direct And Correlated Responses To Artificial Selection, Tiffany E. Schwasinger-Schmidt, Stephen D. Kachman, Lawrence G. Harshman

Lawrence G. Harshman Publications

Laboratory selection for resistance to starvation has been conducted under relatively controlled conditions to investigate direct and correlated responses to artificial selection. With regard to starvation resistance, there are three physiological routes by which the trait can evolve: resource accumulation, energy conservation and starvation tolerance. A majority of energetic compounds and macromolecules including triglycerides, trehalose and other sugars, and soluble protein increased in abundance as a result of selection. Movement was additionally investigated with selected males moving less than control males and selected females exhibiting a similar response to selection. Results obtained from this study supported two of the possible …

Analysis Of The Lactobacilluscasei Supragenome And Its Influence In Species Evolution And Lifestyle Adaptation, Jeff Broadbent, E. C. Neeno-Eckwall, B. Stahl, K. Tandee, H. Cai, W. Morovic, P. Horvath, J. Heidenreich, N. T. Perna, R. Barrangou, J. L. Steele

Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

The broad ecological distribution of L. casei makes it an insightful subject for research on genome evolution and lifestyle adaptation. To explore evolutionary mechanisms that determine genomic diversity of L. casei, we performed comparative analysis of 17 L. casei genomes representing strains collected from dairy, plant, and human sources. Results Differences in L. casei genome inventory revealed an open pan-genome comprised of 1,715 core and 4,220 accessory genes. Extrapolation of pan-genome data indicates L. casei has a supragenome approximately 3.2 times larger than the average genome of individual strains. Evidence suggests horizontal gene transfer from other bacterial species, particularly lactobacilli, …

Identification Of Plasmalogens In The Cytoplasmic Membrane Of Bifidobacterium Animalis Subsp. Lactis, T. S. Oberg, Robert E. Ward, J. L. Steele, Jeff Broadbent

Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

Plasmalogens are ether-linked lipids that may influence oxidative stress resistance of eukaryotic cell membranes. Since bacterial membrane composition can influence environmental stress resistance, we explored the prevalence of plasmalogens in the cytoplasmic membrane of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis. Results showed plasmalogens are a major component of the B. animalis subsp. lactis membrane.

Teaching Children How To Like Balanced Meals, Harumi Norasakkunkit

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Growing up in Japan, balanced meals were always provided at home, at schools and even at restaurants. Unfortunately, children are not going to choose balanced meals from the start, so this habit has to be instilled by parents and by the educational system until it eventually becomes a personal preference for children. If children are simply given the choice to eat whatever they want from the beginning, it is unlikely that this preference will ever be developed. The emphasis of nurturing the habit of eating balanced meals, rather than just eating preferred foods, is what is particular about Japanese parenting. …

Survival Of Microencapsulated Probiotic Lactobacillus Paracasei Lbc-1e During Manufacture Of Mozzarellacheese And Simulated Gastric Digestion, Megan Jane Ostler, Jeff Broadbent, W. R. Mcmanus, D. J. Mcmahon

Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

An erythromycin-resistant strain of probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei LBC-1 (LBC-1e) was added to part-skim Mozzarella cheese in alginate-microencapsulated or free form at a level of 108 and 107 cfu/g, respectively. Survival of LBC-1e and total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was investigated through the pasta filata process of cheese making (in which the cheese curd was heated to 55°C and stretched in 70°C-hot brine), followed by storage at 4°C for 6 wk and simulated gastric and intestinal digestion. This included incubation in 0.1 M and 0.01 M HCl, 0.9 M H3PO4, and a simulated intestinal juice consisting of pancreatin and …

A Complete Genome Sequence Oflactobacillus Helveticus R0052, A Commercial Probiotic Strain, T. A. Tompkins, G. Barreau, Jeff Broadbent

Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 is a commercially available strain that is widely used in probiotic preparations. The genome sequence consisted of 2,129,425 bases. Comparative analysis showed that it was unique among L. helveticus strains in that it contained genes encoding mucus-binding proteins similar to those found in Lactobacillus acidophilus.

Supportive Weight Loss Program, Jenny Koscho Rd, Ldn, Cde

Clinical Nutrition Service

No abstract provided.

Parenteral Nutrition Order Entry Privileges For Registered Dietitians: Unique Approach To Improve Patient Outcomes (Poster), Judy Holaska Rd, Ms, Cnsc , Ldn

Clinical Nutrition Service

No abstract provided.

Parenteral Nutrition Web-Based Order Writing: Educating Prescribers And Registered Dietitians, Judy Holaska Rd, Ms, Cnsc , Ldn

Clinical Nutrition Service

No abstract provided.

Changes In Dairy Food And Nutrient Intakes In Australian Adolescents, Carole Parker, Wendy Vivian, Wendy H. Oddy, Lawrie J Beilin, Trevor A. Mori, Therese O'Sullivan

Research outputs 2012

Dairy nutrients, such as calcium, are particularly important in adolescence, a critical time for growth and development. There are limited Australian data following individuals through adolescence, evaluating changes in dairy nutrient and dairy product consumption. We used a validated food frequency questionnaire to investigate consumption in adolescents participating in both the 14 and 17 year follow-ups of the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study. Most adolescents did not reach age and gender specific recommended daily intakes for calcium or magnesium at 14 years, and this decreased as they aged to 17 years (from 33.0% to 29.2% meeting for calcium, P < 0.05, and from 33.6% to 20.5% meeting for magnesium, P < 0.01). Mean intakes of calcium, potassium, riboflavin and vitamin A also decreased with age (P < 0.01). Mean dairy intake decreased from 536 ± 343 g/day to 464 ± 339 g/day (P < 0.01), due mostly to a decrease in regular milk, although flavoured milk consumption increased in boys. Cheese and butter were the only products to show a significantly increased consumption over the period. Girls decreased from 2.2 to 1.9 serves/day of dairy, while boys remained relatively steady at 2.9 to 2.8 serves/day. Our findings suggest that dairy product consumption decreases over adolescence. This may have implications for bone mass, development and later health.

Effects Of Glycerol And Creatine Hyperhydration On Doping-Relevant Blood Parameters, Thelma P. Polyviou, Chris Easton, Lukas Beis, Dalia Malkova, Pantazis Takas, Cathertine Hambly, John R. Speakman, Karsten Koehler, Yannis P. Pitsiladis

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Glycerol is prohibited as an ergogenic aid by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) due to the potential for its plasma expansion properties to have masking effects. However, the scientific basis of the inclusion of Gly as a “masking agent” remains inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a hyperhydrating supplement containing Gly on doping-relevant blood parameters. Nine trained males ingested a hyperhydrating mixture twice per day for 7 days containing 1.0 g·kg⁻¹ body mass (BM) of Gly, 10.0 g of creatine and 75.0 g of glucose. Blood samples were collected and total hemoglobin (Hb) …

Regulation Of Expression Of Citrate Synthase By The Retinoic Acid Receptor-Related Orphan Receptor A (Rorα), Christine Crumbley, Yongjun Wang, Subhashis Banerjee, Thomas P. Burris

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

The retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor α (RORα) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors that plays an important role in regulation of the circadian rhythm and metabolism. Mice lacking a functional RORα display a range of metabolic abnormalities including decreased serum cholesterol and plasma triglycerides. Citrate synthase (CS) is a key enzyme of the citric acid cycle that provides energy for cellular function. Additionally, CS plays a critical role in providing citrate derived acetyl-CoA for lipogenesis and cholesterologenesis. Here, we identified a functional RORα response element (RORE) in the promoter of the CS gene. ChIP …

Regulation Of P53 Stability And Apoptosis By A Ror Agonist, Yongjun Wang, Laura A. Solt, Douglas J. Kojetin, Thomas P. Burris

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Activation of p53 function leading to cell-cycle arrest and/or apoptosis is a promising strategy for development of anticancer therapeutic agents. Here, we describe a novel mechanism for stabilization of p53 protein expression via activation of the orphan nuclear receptor, RORa. We demonstrate that treatment of cancer cells with a newly described synthetic ROR agonist, SR1078, leads to p53 stabilization and induction of apoptosis. These data suggest that synthetic ROR agonists may hold utility in the treatment of cancer.

Cgi-58/Abhd5-Derived Signaling Lipids Regulate Systemic Inflammation And Insulin Action, Caleb C. Lord, Jenna L. Betters, Pavlina T. Ivanova, Stephen B. Milne, David S. Myers, Jennifer Madenspacher, Gwynneth Thomas, Soonkyu Chung, Mingxia Liu, Matthew A. Davis, Richard G. Lee, Rosanne M. Crooke, Mark J. Graham, John S. Parks, Dawn L. Brasaemle, Michael B. Fessler, H. Alex Brown, J. Mark Brown

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Mutations of comparative gene identification 58 (CGI-58) in humans cause Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome, a rare autosomal recessive disease in which excess triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulates in multiple tissues. CGI-58 recently has been ascribed two distinct biochemical activities, including coactivation of adipose triglyceride lipase and acylation of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). It is noteworthy that both the substrate (LPA) and the product (phosphatidic acid) of the LPA acyltransferase reaction are wellknown signaling lipids. Therefore, we hypothesized that CGI-58 is involved in generating lipid mediators that regulate TAG metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Here, we show that CGI-58 is required for the generation of signaling lipids …

Muscadine Grape (Vitis Rotundifolia) And Wine Phytochemicals Prevented Obesity-Associated Metabolic Complications In C57bl/6j Mice, Vishnupriya Gourineni, Neil F. Shay, Soonkyu Chung, Amandeep K. Sandhu, Liwei Gu

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of muscadine grape or wine (cv. Noble) phytochemicals on obesity and associated metabolic complications. Muscadine grape or wine phytochemicals were extracted using Amberlite FPX66 resin. Male C57BL/6J mice were given a low-fat diet (LF, 10% kcal fat), high-fat diet (HF, 60% kcal fat), HF + 0.4% muscadine grape phytochemicals (HF+MGP), or HF + 0.4% muscadine wine phytochemicals (HF+MWP) for 15 weeks. At 7 weeks, mice fed HF+MGP had significantly decreased body weights by 12% compared to HF controls. Dietary MGP or MWP supplementation reduced plasma content of free fatty acids, …

Successful Aging: A Psychosocial Resources Model For Very Old Adults, G. Kevin Randall, Peter Martin, Mary Ann Johnson, Leonard W. Poon

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Objectives.Using data from the first two phases of the Georgia Centenarian Study, we proposed a latent factor structure for the Duke OARS domains: Economic Resources, Mental Health, Activities of Daily Living, Physical Health, and Social Resources. Methods. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on two waves of the Georgia Centenarian Study to test a latent variable measurement model of the five resources; nested model testing was employed to assess the final measurement model for equivalency of factor structure over time. Results. The specified measurement model fit the data well at Time 1. However, at Time 2, …

Impact Of Nutrition Education In High School Students, Leticia Cortez

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The diet of adolescents is typically high in calories, fat, and saturated fat and often fails to meet the daily recommended amounts of fruits, vegetables, and calcium-rich foods. The frequent consumption of unhealthy diets in combination with the lack of physical activity has resulted in a high prevalence of obesity worldwide. Approximately 17% of adolescents in the United States are obese. Obesity is a common risk factor for the development of chronic disease such as heart disease and diabetes. In the last few decades and along with a high prevalence of obesity there has also been an increased prevalence of …

Effects Of Walnut Consumption On Cognitive Performance In Young Adults, Peter Pribis, Rudolph N. Bailey, Andrew A. Russell, Marcia A. Kilsby, Magaly Hernandez, Winston J. Craig, Tevni Grajales, David J. Shavlik, Joan Sabatè

Faculty Publications

Walnuts contain a number of potentially neuroprotective compounds like vitamin E, folate, melatonin, several antioxidative polyphenols and significant amounts of n-3 α-linolenic fatty acid. The present study sought to determine the effect of walnuts on verbal and non-verbal reasoning, memory and mood. A total of sixty-four college students were randomly assigned to two treatment sequences in a crossover fashion: walnuts-placebo or placebo-walnuts. Baseline data were collected for non-verbal reasoning, verbal reasoning, memory and mood states. Data were collected again after 8 weeks of intervention. After 6 weeks of washout, the intervention groups followed the diets in reverse order. Data were …