Nutrition Commons^™

Vitamin A Status, Anthropometric Measurements, And Food Practices Of Women Of Childbearing Age And Their Preschool Children In Northeast Brazil, Susan Ahlstrom Henderson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Vitamin A nutrition status was evaluated in 110 pairs of women and their preschool children at rural health posts in two different ecological regions of Northeast Brazil. Serum retinol and carotene, weight, height, tricep skinfold and mid-arm circumference were measured from each mother and child. Nutrition knowledge of mothers, socioeconomic living conditions and consumption of retinol and carotene food sources were assessed.

Nine children (8 percent) and one mother had less than acceptable serum retinol (less than 20 μg/dl). Additionally, 21 percent of the children and six percent of the mothers had "low" serum carotene levels. Thirty-seven percent and 57 …

Effects Of Exercise And Cheese Supplemented Diet On Cholesterol And Lipoprotein Fractions In Free-Living Young Human Subjects, Kathleen A. Gabel

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Ten young adults were divided into an exercising group (n = 6) and sedentary group (n = 4). Smoking, ingestion of alcohol, drugs and oral contraceptives were prohibited during 9 weeks of study. Diets were prepared by university food service. Food consumed was recorded and nutrient intakes were assessed. Cheese was consumed in 84 to 112 gram portions every day for two separate 14 day periods. All other dairy products were prohibited in the diet except 240 ml of two percent milk per day. When cheese was consumed, daily diets contained ca 400 kcal, 100 mg cholesterol, and 700 mg …

A Model For Estimating Available Iron From Total Nutrient Intakes, Ann Marie Black

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Factors which affect iron bioavailability have been repeatedly and extensively investigated. A model, derived from these studies, has been developed for estimating available iron from meal data. However, many dietary surveys report only average daily intakes of iron, and do not report the iron present in single meals. No model to estimate available iron from daily iron intake has been presented in the literature.

Dietary questionnaires were kept for two nonconsecutive weekdays by 355 male and 382 female Utah school children, mean age 7.5 years, assisted by their parents, and recorded by household measure. Data, first recorded as meals eaten, …

Effect Of Oxidation-Reduction Potential On Hemochrome Formation And Resultant Pink Color Defect Of Cooked Turkey Rolls, Farzaneh Vahabzadeh

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A pink color defect is commonly observed in freshly cut surfaces of cooked turkey rolls and fades rapidly upon exposure to air. The non uniform pink color makes the product appear undercooked, and the product must be discounted. The oxidation-reduction potential of the meat is important in development of pink defect. A pink color similar to that of commercial product was observed when the cooked meat was treated with either sodium nitrite or sodium dithionite. The pink color in nitrite treated meat was due to nitroso pigment formation, but in samples treated with dithionite the pink color was due to …

Pantothenic Acid Status Of Adolescents, Brenda Ringer Eissenstat

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Information on human needs for pantothenic acid is limited and no recommended daily allowance has been established; although a safe and adequate level of 4-7 mg/day has been suggested for adults and adolescents. The adolescent population is often at risk for nutritional problems because of unusual eating patterns and major physiological changes which occur at this time. Pantothenic acid levels in urine, whole-blood and erythrocytes were determined in a healthy adolescent population using radioimmunoassay techniques. Dietary intakes were calculated from 4 day diet records and evaluated using a computer data base developed at Utah State University in conjunction with USDA. …

The Effect Of Dietary Calcium And Phosphorus Levels On Audiogenic Seizure Susceptibility And Brain Neurotransmitters In Magnasium Deficient Rats, Rachaneeporn Chaistitwanich

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effects of dietary calcium and phosphorus levels on audiogenic seizure susceptibility and brain neurotransmitter were investigated in magnesium deficient rats. For 17 days, male weanling rats were fed magnesium deficient diets which also contained deficient (-), adequate (=}, and excess (+) amounts of calcium and/or phosphorus. Reduction of seizure incidence was seen in low calcium and/or low phosphorus diets. High calcium, and high calcium in combination with high phosphorus increased the severity of seizures. High calcium and low phosphorus, and high phosphorus and low calcium diets prevented seizuring. Most magnesium deficient diets resulted in elevation of serum phosphorus, calcium, …

Factors Which Influence The Development Of Bloom (Redness) In Dark Colored Muscle, William Russell Egbert

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effects of acidification, low temperature, high oxygen concentration, and rotenone on the color of dark colored beef muscle were determined by use of the Hunter color difference meter. Pre-rigor and dark cutting muscle homogenates bloomed (turned bright red) in the presence of low pH or rotenone. Dark cutting homogenates also bloomed at low temperature. Pre-rigor and dark cutting muscle slices turned bright red at low temperature in an oxygen atmosphere. In dark cutting beef muscle however, low temperature was sufficient to cause the development of bloom. Factors which inhibit mitochondrial respiration influence the development of bloom in dark colored …

Effect Of Iron On Residual Nitrite Level In Ground Pork And Model Systems, Changmin Kim

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effects of iron, temperature, and presence of botulinal spores or sodium ascorbate on depletion of nitrite level were determined in meat and model systems. Higher temperature and presence of botulinal spores definitely increased nitrite depletion in a meat system. Added hemoglobin also significantly increased nitrite depletion, while ferrous iron and ferric iron did not significantly decrease nitrite level in a meat system. High temperature and presence of sodium ascorbate increased nitrite depletion in a model system. Only ferrous iron significantly decreased nitrite level in the absence of ascorbate, while ferric iron, heme iron, and ferritin iron did not decrease …

Effect Of Proteolytic Activity Of Streptococcus Cremoris On Cottage Cheese Yield, Gary W. Stoddard

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Using proteinase negative variants of Streptococcus cremoris UC310 or UC320 to manufacture cottage cheese, theoretical yields were increased 1.97% and 1.56% respectively when compared to the theoretical yields of the proteinase positive parents. Yield differences were strain dependent and differences between positive and negative variants were not manifest with strains of UC73 and UC97. It was necessary to produce bulk culture using pH control and to add sufficient nitrogenous stimulant to provide carry-over stimulant into the cheese milk. All cultures examined developed normally even when the bulk medium contained a blend of 5% yeast extract and casein hydrolysate. It was …

Iron Requirement Of Clostridium Botulinum Type A And Characterization Of Iron-Sulfur Proteins In Nitrite Treated And Untreated Botulinal Cells, Divya Shree A. Reddy

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effect of added iron on the growth of Clostridium botulinum type A in a chemically defined medium was studied. Growth of C. botulinum was supported by an iron level of 0.05 ug/ml with maximum growth observed at a level of 3 ug iron/ml.

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies were conducted to detect the presence of iron-sulfur centers and iron-nitric oxide complexes in untreated and nitrite treated cell-free extracts of C. botulinum type A. Untreated extracts of C. botulinum exhibited EPR signals in the oxidized and reduced states characteristic of a "HiPiP-type" iron-sulfur center (g=2.02) in the oxidized state and …

Effects Of Bulk Starter Media And Proteolytic Lactic Streptococci On Protein Loss In Cheddar Curd Manufacture, Steven A. Winkel

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effects of whey-based and milk-based starter media, and low concentrations (0.02% each) of citrate, phosphate and calcium upon various milk coagulation properties were measured. Samples inoculated with milk-based starter medium had shorter coagulation times, faster rate of curd formation, and greater final curd firmness than those inoculated with externally neutralized whey-based starter. Starter medium treatment was statistically interacted with calcium for coagulation time and rate of curd formation. Citrate addition caused longer coagulation times, slower rates of curd formation, and weaker final coagula. Citrate interacted with calcium and phosphate for several of the parameters measured. Addition of phosphate did …

Dietary Sodium Bicarbonate And Magnesium Oxide For Early Postpartum Lactating Dairy Cows: Effects Upon Milk Coagulation Parameters, Shu-Chuan Lee

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Forty-eight Holstein cows at Utah State Dairy Farm were blocked statistically according to date of calving, previous milk production, and numbers of lactation at parturition. The cattle were assigned randomly to one of four treatments within blocks. The four treatments included a base ration (control, treatment #1), base ration plus .8% of sodium bicarbonate (treatment #2), base ration plus .4% of magnesium oxide (treatment #3), and base ration plus both .8% of sodium bicarbonate and .4% of magnesium oxide (treatment #4). The research was conducted from February 1983 to November 1984. A formagraph was used to measure milk coagulation parameters …

Anthropometry, Metabolic Control And Dietary Intake Of Youth With Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, Rochelle A. Follaco Clark

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to describe a sample of insulin-dependent diabetic youth in terms of selected anthropometric measurements, level of metabolic control and dietary intake. The 22 subjects (10 males and 12 females) were between the ages of seven to 16 years and, except for one female, regularly attended a multidisciplinary outpatient diabetes clinic.

The study involved cross-sectional observation of height, weight, triceps and subscapular skinfold measurements, mid-arm muscle circumference and weight:height ratios, and comparison of these measurements to national norms derived from non-diabetic controls. Levels of metabolic control were observed using glycosylated hemoglobin values, and examined for …

A Lactic Culture Stimulant Blend From Kluyveromyces Fragilis And Whey, Steven L. Wright

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A buffered growth medium was developed that sustained a significantly greater concentration of various strains of Streptococcus lactis and Streptococcus cremoris than did milk. The active buffering ingredients of this medium were magnesium hydroxide, ammonium and sodium salts of phosphate and citrate. This medium was entitled Lactic Culture Buffered Growth medium (LABGRO) and possessed about 8 times the buffering strength between pH 6.6 and 5.1.

Significant differences in growth and acid production rates were noted among Prt+ and Prt- lactic strains evaluated. Also noted were significant differences in cellular acid production rates. The two Prt- strains having the slowest growth …

Some Indicators Of Manganese And Copper Adequacy In Some Infant Formulas For Baby Pigs And Infants, Robin Hope Marcus

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The objective of the study was to ascertain whether some infant formulas provide sufficient amounts of manganese and copper for adequate nutrition, Twelve piglets, within the first week of life, were divided by sex, litter and weight into two treatment groups. Both groups received concentrated Isomil, a soy-based infant formula and distilled water ad libitum. Isomil was analyzed and found to contain 1.05ppm manganese and .98ppm copper. The supplemented group received an additional 30.6mg manganese and 6.76mg copper per can (388ml) of concentrated Isomil. Weight gains were not significantly different. Manganese and copper levels were significantly greater in the …

Dietary Intake Of Persons With Type I Diabetes Who Use Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Pumps, Laurie J. Schaetzel-Hill

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

To date there have been no complete reports of the nutrient intakes of persons with Type I diabetes mellitus who use continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) pumps. The purpose of this study was to describe the sample population and to determine the nutrient intake of adult Type I diabetics from the Salt Lake City, Utah area, who use CSII.

Seven male and 15 female CSII users, ages 25 to 53, completed a questionnaire and a three-day diet record as instructed. Diet records were coded and household measurements of foods were converted to gram weights for computerized nutrient analysis. Nutrient intake …

Using Videodisc Technology And The Index Of Nutritional Quality To Teach Dietary Guidance To Young Adults, Glenda Wigginton Edmunds

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A review of the literature indicated a need for nutrition education materials to be current with prevailing scientific knowledge, using advanced instructional technology. Individuals need help in applying nutrition principles to their dietary practices.

A nutrition education program utilizing the nutrient density concept and the dietary guidelines for use on videodisc with microcomputer interface was developed and evaluated. The evaluation of the program did not prove to be effective statistically but learners did show an interest in the program and had positive feedback in regard to the information presented and the technology used.

Selection And Preparation Of Lactic Culture Starters For Manufacture Of Cheddar Cheese, Aly Youssef Gamay

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A Spiral Plater and a Microtiter system were used to isolate and evaluate cultures for a paired strain culture program. Bacteriophage and temperature sensitivity data of 43 Streptococcus cremoris strains were introduced into a computer cluster program to pair the least similar strains.

Selected pairs were challenged with phage. Resistant mutants were developed.

Characteristics of proteinase positive and proteinase negative variants were examined. Proteinase positive isolates produced more changes in pH, cell mass and more generations in milk than their counter-parts. Paired proteinase negative cultures produced more change in pH and cell mass and more generations in milk than single …

The Effect Of Heat Treatment On Meat Heme And Nonheme Iron Bioavailability For The Anemic Rat, Oranong Jansuittivechakul

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Three separate experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of heat treatment on meat heme and nonheme iron bioavailability in anemic rats. Male weanling Sprague-Drawley rats were first made anemic, then subsequently fed with experimental diets. In the first experiment, dietary iron sources were raw or autoclaved meat mixed with ferrous sulfate to give the ratios of iron from meat and ferrous sulfate equal to 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100 respectively. For the second experiment, the dietary iron sources were raw or autoclaved meat mixed with bovine hemoglobin (HB) to give dietary iron ratios as described for experiment 1. …

Efficiency Of Converting Iron Into Hemoglobin As An Assay For Evaluating Iron Bioavailability, Paul Whittaker

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effect of iron absorption on subsequent hemoglobin regeneration was investigated by repletion and subsequent analysis of an anemic weanling rat model. Primary assay procedure in these studies was the Regeneration Efficiency method.

As repletion or curative assay techniques form the central body of investigative research in iron utilization, the first subject of inquiry was the effect of repletion interval and degree of depletion upon the animals as monitored by physical indicators such as blood volume, growth and hematinic response. Percent blood volume is a particularly useful figure in the calculation of the amount of hemoglobin iron but was found …

Development, Implementation And Evaluation Of An Education Course For The Utah State University Coordinated Undergraduate Medical Dietetics Program, Cynthia Olson Obermiller

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The entry-level clinical dietitian must possess competencies in the area of communications and in the process of education. Training and practice in these areas, as related to the profession of dietetics, must be provided during the professional phase of the dietetic student's training. The purpose of this study was to develop, implement and evaluate a course for the Coordinated Undergraduate Medical Dietetics Program at Utah State University. This course, entitled Education in Clinical Dietetics, was added to the junior year fall quarter curriculum. The ten-week course combined didactic and lab experiences to provide the students with a thorough background in …

Longitudinal Pantothenic Acid Status Of Pregnant And Lactating Women, Won Oack Song

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Pantothenic acid nutritional status was evaluated in a cohort of twenty-nine Caucasian pregnant women, aged 20-35, during their third trimester of pregnancy, at two-weeks postpartum and at three months postpartum. Seventeen non-pregnant, non-lactating women who had similar demographic backgrounds as the pregnant women were selected as a control group and followed the same experimental schedule as the pregnant women. A fasting blood sample, two days 24-h urine specimens and diet record were obtained for each of two days from each subject at each period.

The mean dietary pantothenic acid intakes of the women during pregnancy (5.30±1.74 mg/day) and during lactation …

An Evaluation Of Various Methods Of Roasting Whole Turkeys From The Frozen State, Kim Merida-Klemmedson Teot

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Methods of roasting frozen turkeys were evaluated to determine the optimum final internal temperature (71,77, or 82°C), the best low oven temperature method (foil tent vs roasting bag at 93,107, 121, and 135°c), and the best overall method (foil tent-121 °c, foil tent-163°C, roasting bag-163°c, foil wrap-232°C). The lower the final internal temperature the juicier and more tender the bird however, the 77°c final internal temperature is recommended because at the 71°c internal temperature, the thigh joint was unacceptably pink. Among the low oven temperature methods, birds roasted at 121°c received the highest average sensory scores. Birds roasted by the …

Use And Evaluation Of The Nutrient Density Concept For Assessing The Impact Of Socioeconomic Factors On Nutritional Quality Of Diets, Carol Thompson Windham

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Data from 7285 individual participants in the USDA Spring Nationwide Food Consumption Survey were analyzed using the nutrient density concept and multiple regression procedures to evaluate the impact of socioeconomic status on the nutritional quality of foods consumed. For each socioeconomic group the average daily amount of nutrients consumed per 1000 kcal of food consumed were computed and compared with the Recommended Dietary Allowances which had been converted to single-value nutrient allowances per 1000 kcal. This nutrient density approach identified qualitative patterns of food consumption for selected income, region, urbanization, household size, race, employment and education groups as well as …

The Relationship Between Milk Composition And Swiss Cheese Yields, Gheyath H. Majeed

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Eighty-five samples of milk and Swiss cheese made from the same milk were collected at Cache Valley Dairy Association, Smithfield, Utah, between August, 1979, and July, 1980. The weights of the milk, Swiss cheese and the trim were carefully recorded. The milk samples were analyzed for fat and protein, and the cheese samples were analyzed for fat, protein and moisture. An attempt was made to predict Swiss cheese yields from the fat and protein content of the milk and the moisture content of the cheese.

The data were analyzed statistically by Gauss-Newton non-linear least squares method of iteration. Three formulas …

A Comparative Study Of Seizure Susceptibility And Serum Calcium, Magnesium And Phosphorus Profiles Of Magnesium Deficient Rats, Nicole H. Bernhard

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Magnesium deficiency in rats is known to precipitate audiogenic seizures. An unknown mineral factor in a diet mixture was found to substantially reduce the seizure occurence in magnesium deficient vii animals. This was corrected when the same mineral mixture was remade. Subsequently the faulty mineral mixture was discarded. This research .. as aimed at determining the mineral factor responsible for the observed changes in seizure occurence, and also aimed at investigating the relationships of serum calcium, magnesium and phosphorus concentrations to seizure susceptibility. Treatments to change the serum concentrations of these minerals included dietary manipulation, subcutaneous injection of calcitonin, of …

A Nutrition Education Componenet For Migrant Children Based On The K-6 Nutrient-Density Curriculum, Sandra Beadleson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A nutrition education component was developed, implemented, and evaluated for integration into the Title I migrant education program. The component was based on an evaluated nutrition education curriculum implemented by Brown in the elementary school. The nutrition education program was developed on the concept of nutrient density which measures the ratio of a food's nutrient contribution to its caloric contribution on a constant caloric basis. The nutrition component was modified to include behavioral objectives and concepts that partially met the needs of a migrant population in Utah.

The program was evaluated in the Title I programs in Corrine and Smithfield, …

Seasonal Variation In The Ability Of Milk And Whey To Support Lactic Culture Growth, Rick Cameron Norton

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Milk samples from two cheese plants with overlapping milk supplies were collected monthly for one year in an attempt to measure seasonal variation in the ability of milk and whey to support lactic culture growth . Treatments to control and minimize variability of milk or whey were evaluated to optimize stability in starter culture performance.

Raw milk samples were tested for somatic cell counts, activity tests (modified Horrall- Elliker), acid degree values, and total plate counts. Activity (modified Horraii-EIIiker) and inhibitory tests were also performed on pasteurized, pasteurized-vacuumized and high heat milk treatments.

Rennet whey (heated and unheated) was collected …

Prediction Of Mozzarella Cheese Yield From Milk Composition, Hamzah M. Abu-Tarboush

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study was conducted to develop and evaluate several formulas which predict Mozzarella cheese yield from fat and protein content of milk and moisture content of cheese. During a one month period, 107 samples of milk and cheese were collected at Olympia Cheese Company, Olympia, Washington. Milk samples were analyzed for fat and protein content. Cheese samples were analyzed for fat, protein and moisture content.

Three models were derived to predict the yield of Mozzarella cheese. The three models were statistically fitted to the data by applying the Gauss-Newton non-linear least squares method of iteration. The differences among the three …

Improved Fermentation Process For Producing Methane From Cheese Whey, Abdulraman Y. Awad

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Two methods of single-stage fermentation were used to produce methane from whey. The first method involved batch fermentation in which the pH was automatically controlled at 7.0. In addition to pH control, the second method was characterized by introducing the substrate continuously into the fermenter along with dilution water to keep the organic acids at a non-toxic level.

The first method did not improve the production of methane compared to the batch fermentation in which a pH control system was not used (41). However, the second method showed that the concentration of organic acids has a major effect on limiting …