Nutrition Commons^™

The Effect Of Dextrose Ingestion On Cardiovascular Endurance, Judith M. Axford

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of dextrose on cardiovascular endurance. The subjects were nineteen male students enrolled at Loma Linda University in Riverside, California. The subjects were exercised to their maximum while being tested on the treadmill.· Subjects were each tested twice. Thirty minutes before exercising, they ingested one hundred grams of dextrose for one test and ten ounces of sugar-free Kool-aid for the second test. The difference in exhaustion times was then recorded.

The data indicated that dextrose ingestion decreased exhaustion time on the treadmill. Subjects were able to exercise for a longer period of time …

The Zinc Status Of Pregnant Vegetarian Women, Michelle J. Abu-Assal

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The zinc status of twelve lacto-ovo-vegetariah pregnant women and seventeen non-vegetarian pregnant women was evaluated. Zinc intakes were calculated from three-day dietary records and twenty-four hour dietary histories. Plasma zinc levels were drawn during the last trimester of pregnancy and approximately ten weeks postpartum. Gestational age at birth, birthweight, and APGAR scores of the infants born were obtained from the medical charts. Dietary zinc intakes for the vegetarians (10.5 ± 4.0 mg) did not differ significantly from the intakes of the non-vegetarians (10.9 ± 3.0 mg). The vegetarian last trimester plasma zinc levels (47.9 ± 12.4 mcg/dl) and postpartum plasma …

The Copper Status Of Vegetarian And Non-Vegetarian Men, Susan Bruce

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

In this study, the copper status of 18 vegetarian and 17 non-vegetarian men were compared. Copper status was assessed by determining red blood cell superoxide dismutase (RBC-SOD) activity and plasma copper. Plasma copper levels were measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Plasma cholesterol, triacyclglycerols, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol VLDL cholesterol were also determined. Twenty-four hour recalls and three-day food records were obtained to determine copper, zinc, energy, protein, fat, fiber, saturated fat, oleic acid, linoleic acid and cholesterol intake. Non-vegetarians had a significantly higher plasma cholesterol and LDL cholesterol than vegetarians. They also had a significantly higher cholesterol, saturated fat, percent …

The Relationship Between Chemical Leavening Agents And Three Gastric Indices In Rats Subjected To Restraint Stress, Holly E. Bartelmann

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Male Sprague-Dawley rats fed diets of enriched yeast-leavened biscuits had no discernible advantage over those fed enriched chemically-leavened biscuits in three gastric indices studied. Restraint-stress administered to half of each dietary group was ineffectual in producing gastric ulcers, but did produce gastric color and appearance changes in fifty-eight per cent of the group receiving the chemically-leavened diet.

Thiamin and riboflavin-retention analyses done on various baked products produced conflicting results. Yeast-leavened products retained less thiamin and riboflavin than chemically-leavened products, but which chemical leavening agent was best for vitamin retention was different for each vitamin.

Dietary Effects On Pulmonary Function At 3780 Meters Altitude, Vicki Estes-Bruff

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Diet is known to affect acclimatization to altitude through the effect of carbohydrate on the respiratory exchange ratio. During the first three days following ascent to high altitude, spirometric indices including the forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEVp) decrease. The purpose of this study was to determine if dietary carbohydrate would influence these spirometric changes.

Seven healthy subjects were studied on two nutritionally complete diets at 335 meters and 3780 meters altitude in a cross-over design. The high carbohydrate diet (HI CHO) consisted of 76% of calories as carbohydrate, 12% as fat and 12% …

Designing An Experimental Diet (Low Fat, Low Linoleate) : Comparison Of Calculated And Analyzed Values For Total Lipid And Total Linoleate, Barbara F. Dickinson

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A five-day menu cycle, low in total fat and total linoleate, was designed to support research on the effects of dietary linoleate on lipid metabolism in healthy humans. The basal diet was lacto-ovo vegetarian, high in fruits and vegetables, with moderate amounts of grains, legumes, skim milk, and egg white.

Sixteen healthy male subjects were randomly divided into four groups of equal size. All received the basal diet and same total fat (30% of calories). Each of the four groups received a different calculated level of linoleate (18%, 14%, 6%, and 2% of calories). Safflower, corn, corn plus coconut, and …

The Effects Of Freezing And Heat Treatments On The Iga And Bacteria Count In Human Milk, Madeleine Sigman, Kenneth Burke, U. D. Register, O. Ward Swarner, Patricia Johnston, Gerald Shavlik

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Human milk has been recommended as the preferred food for preterm babies. Its unique immunological factors would be beneficial for these infants. The presence of possible microbial contamination raises the question of whether or not the mother's or donated milk should be used raw. Pasteurization would eliminate the need for costly and time consuming screening for potential pathogenic microorganisms prior to the use of raw human milk. However, heat treatment has been shown to destroy some of the immune factors in human milk. This study was designed to compare four treatments of frozen human milk and their effects on the …

Dietary Compliance In Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients, Dorine T. Lam

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Poor adherence to dietary instructions is a critical problem in nutritional care. This study points out the level of adherence that can be achieved over a relatively long period of time among chronically ill outpatients and the usefulness of the 24-hour recall and a food frequency questionnaire in assessing compliance.

Twenty two rheumatoid arthritis patients volunteered to enroll in this pilot diet study, fifteen remained with the study for the stipulated period of 18 months. The study consisted of three parts: an initial six month baseline period (Period I), a six-month experimental period (Period II) in which the patients' diet …

The Effect Of A 20-25 Calories % Fat Diet On Plasma Thromboxane B₂ Levels In Human Subjects, Carolyn Wernick

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Fourteen males with elevated blood lipids were given a 20-2.5 Calories % fat diet for 28 days. Fasting blood samples were drawn at zero, two, and four weeks and analyzed for plasma TXB₂ and serum lipids. Plasma TXB₂ was significantly increased the first two weeks with a subsequent decrease the final two weeks. Values were still significantly elevated at four weeks when compared with initial values. Serum cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol were significantly decreased over the four-week period. No significant changes were observed in serum triglycerides.

The Effects Of A Protein Sparing Modified Fast On Insulin And Glucagon Levels, Elizabeth Anne Shirley

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A total of 18 obese men and women volunteered and participated in a seven-day protein sparing modified fast providing 400 calories per day. The subjects were concurrently participating in an eight-week weight control program combining the facets of nutrition education, group therapy, and values clarification. The modified fast, which was optional, was conducted during two different time periods with a conventional low calorie diet prescribed during the four-week interval.

The diet formula consisted of a high biological value protein, dried egg white, and either glucose or corn starch as the carbohydrate source. The composition of the diets varied as follows: …

The Nutritional Value Of Selected Vegetarian Meals, Kathleen R. Wheeler

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The complementary effect of various vegetable proteins as eaten by humans in vegetarian meals was evaluated using the PER method in rats. In addition, the quality of leaf protein as the only protein source in one of the diets was evaluated.

Five diets were formulated consisting of a typical breakfast menu, a typical lunch, a typical supper, a combination of the three meals, and a mixture of green leafy vegetables. The diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous and consisted of 10% protein, 8% fat, 69% carbohydrate, 7% cellulose, 4% mineral mixture, and 2% vitamin mixture. The control diet was prepared using …

Zinc Intake Of Lacto-Ovo-Vegetarian And Non-Vegetarian Adults, Rosalind C. Phillips

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Zinc intakes of 12 matched pairs of lacto-ovo-vegetarian and non-vegetarian adults were compared. Analysis of 72-hour aliquots of food intake excluding supplements showed the mean daily zinc intake for both categories (lacto-ovo-vegetarians, 37.93 + 23.97 mg.; non-vegetarians, 53.39 + 31.99 mg.) to generously exceed the Recommended Daily Allowance, which is 15 mg. A significant difference of zinc intake occurred between the two groups (p< .005), with a trend toward higher zinc intake by the non-vegetarian member of each pair.

The Effect Of Hypercholesterolemia On The Membrane Lipids, 3-0-[¹⁴C] Methylglucose Transport, And 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate Levels In Rat Erythrocytes, Edwin J. Lester Jr.

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

An increase in dietary cholesterol and cholic acid will produce hypercholesterolemia in rats. For ten months, two groups of rats (six in each group) were fed commercial rat pellets (control group) or rat pellets plus cholesterol (1%) and cholic acid (0.25%) (experimental group). A blood sample from each animal was divided into three aliquots for three separate experiments on the erythrocytes: a membrane cholesterol and phospholipid determination, a 3-0-[¹⁴C] methylglucose (30MG) transport determination, and a 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3 DPG) determination. The 30MG transport and 2,3 DPG aliquots were each incubated in the same five concentrations of 30MG and glucose …

Muscle Catabolism During A Protein Sparing Modified Fast As Measured By Urinary 3-Methylhistidine, Judith D. Nielsen

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The urinary excretion of 3-Methylhistidine was used as an index of muscle catabolism in four groups of obese persons receiving a Protein Sparing Modified Fast (PSMF). The composition of the supplements were as follows: Group I: 75 g protein, 25 g complex carbohydrate (starch) per day; Group II: 25 g protein, 75 g complex carbohydrate (starch) per day; Group III: 75 g protein, 25 g simple carbohydrate (glucose) per day; Group IV: 25 g protein, 75 g simple carbohydrate (glucose) per day. The PSMF lasted for seven days and a 24-hour urine sample was collected at the beginning of the …

The Effect Of A Maternal Lacto-Ovo-Vegetarian Diet On The Infants Plasma Cholesterol Concentration, Laura Munson Ball

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A comparison of plasma cholesterol concentrations was made between breast-fed infants having lacto-ovo-vegetarian mothers, breast-fed infants having non-vegetarian mothers and infants fed with commercially prepared formula. At one month of age , the breast-fed infants (n=20) with non-vegetarian mothers comprised the group with the greatest average plasma cholesterol concentration. As expected, the plasma cholesterol of the formula-fed group (n=9) was significantly less, (p

The Effect Of Folic Acid Supplementation On Gingival Healing After Oral Hygiene Therapy, Marilyn J. Wankier

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

To determine the effect of folic acid supplementation on gingival healing after oral hygiene therapy, eight teeth (#3, 4, 5, 6, 11, 12, 13, 14) of sixteen human subjects with moderate levels of gingival irritation were studied. Clinical parameters included measurement of gingival fluid, pocket depth, bleeding upon probing, and plaque. Serum and red blood cell folic acid levels were determined using radioimmunoassay (RIA). Based on clinical parameters and serum folate levels, two similarly matched groups were established. The teeth were scaled and polished. Brushing and flossing instructions were given.

After one week of oral hygiene therapy alone, the experimental …

Lipoprotein Lipase Inhibitor Removal During Ultrafiltration Of Renal Failure Patients, Alisa Minear

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Plasma samples were obtained from seven hypertriglyceridemic (>150 mg/dl) chronic renal failure patients before and after regular hemodialysis. The effect of the plasma on the lipolytic activity of bovine milk lipoprotein lipase was investigated. The lipoprotein lipase activity, as measured by release of C¹⁴-labeled free fatty acid from triglyceride, was decreased 8-67% when incubated with uremic plasma as compared to the control plasma (44 mg/dl triglyceride). The inhibition noted prior to hemodialysis did not appear to be alleviated by the dialysis but subsequent treatment with an isolated ultrafiltration technique did appear to remove an inhibitory substance as …

The Effects Of High Cheese Diets On Brain Serotonin And Alcohol Consumption, Beverly A. Utt

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Male weanling rats were placed on a nutritionally adequate casein diet and randomly assigned to one of eight groups. The first four groups were force fed alcohol for 22 days prior to the experimental phase of the study, while the last four groups had access to water only. Upon commencing the experimental phase each group was given one of the following diets: continuation of the casein diet; Cheddar; Limburger; or Roquefort cheese diets, along with the choice of alcohol and/or water. The particular cheeses were chosen for their ability to raise brain serotonin levels (62) . Alcohol consumption was measured …

The Effects Of Varying Levels Of Dietary Linoleic Acid On Serum Cholesterol And Hdl-Cholesterol In Healthy Male Subjects, Donna Miller Davidge

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Sixteen healthy male subjects were randomly divided into four equal groups and fed a nutritionally balanced 30 calories % fat diet, with approximately 2500 calories and less than 15 mg cholesterol/day, for 28 days. Within each group a constant level of linoleic acid was given for the duration of the study--either 2, 6, 14 or 18 % linoleic acid. Rate of changes in total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and the ratio of total to HDL-cholesterol were subjected to analysis of variance and regression analysis. The results showed changes in total cholesterol and ratio of total to HDL-cholesterol to be significant. The …

Effect Of Lacto-Ovo And Total Vegetarian Diets On Serum, Urinary And Fecal B₁₂ Levels, Cathleen D. Throssell

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Serum, urinary and fecal levels of ten lacto-ovo-vegetarians and nine total vegetarians were assayed using Ochromonas malhamensis. Intakes of vitamin B₁₂ , protein, fat, carbohydrates, fiber and calories were calculated using 7-day diet histories and questionnaires. Correlations between nutrients consumed, years on diet, serum, urinary and fecal B₁₂ levels were also calculated.

Mean serum B₁₂ levels of the lacto-ovo-vegetarians and total vegetarians were 657 pg/ml and 381 pg/ml respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups. The average daily intake of vitamin B₁₂ was 2.0 ug for lacto-ovo-vegetarians and 0.6 ug for the total …

The Role Of Exercise And Nutrition In The Rehabilitation Of The Geriatric, Robert R. Ladd

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

[Abstract not included]

An Investigation Of The Effects Of A Dietary Calcium And Vitamin D Supplement On The Resorption Of The Alveolar Ridge Of The Jaw In Immediate Denture Patients, Peter Brussee

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible effects of a calcium and vitamin D supplement on the resorption of alveolar bone following teeth extractions in human subjects. Studies have been cited which indicate a positive relationship between adequacy of calcium intake and maintenance of the bones of the jaw.

In this investigation, patients who received dentures immediately after the extraction of their remaining natural teeth were given a medication to take every day for a year.

Half the subjects received a calcium and vitamin D supplement while half received a placebo. As it was a double—blind study, …

A Study Of Dietary Calcium And Phosphorus Intakes In Relation To Residual Ridge Resorption, Rita L. Sørensen

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Resorption of alveolar bone, a characteristic observed in periodontal disease, in the totally edentulous mouth and in generalized osteoporosis, is a common world-wide phenomenon in man. Calcium deficiency and calcium-phosphorus imbalance are implicated as plausible factors in all three instances.

A compilation of recent investigations strongly suggests that oral bone loss, whether in periodontal disease or in the residual ridges, is an early manifestation of osteoporosis; and that osteoporosis, in general, is associated with disturbed calcium homeostasis.

This study, patterned after that of Wical and Swoope, was conducted on 55 subjects who had been totally edentulous for at least three …

The Effect Of Etoh And Caffeine On Brain 5-Ht And 5-Hiaa, Neva Jeanne Hall

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The study was undertaken to determine if there is a synergistic effect of alcohol and caffeine on levels of serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA).

Male weanling rats were given a choice between water and a 10% ethanol solution and were placed on a vitamin deficient diet previously demonstrated to increase appetite for alcohol. After 11 weeks of stabilization they were divided into groups of high, low, and middle drinkers. The high and low drinking groups were maintained on a diet providing coffee equivalent to 9 cups per day in the human. High drinkers had ad lib.access to 10% ethanol. …

The Effect Of A High Polyunsaturated, High Fiber, Lacto-Vegetarian Diet On The Serum Cholesterol And Serum Triglycerides In Human Subjects, Linda Johnson

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Fifteen male high risk coronary subjects were fed a lacto-vegetarian diet for 28 days. The diet was calculated with a P:S ratio of 4.0 or greater and the subjects received at least 10 g. of fiber per day. At weekly intervals, the blood was drawn and serum cholesterol and triglyceride determinations were done. As a result of the diet, the men experienced a significant decrease in cholesterol (p>.001). During the 28 days, there was a 29 percent decrease in mean serum cholesterol and a 40 percent decrease in mean serum triglycerides.

Nutrition Education For The Elderly, Laurie Manahan

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Abstract not included.

Introduction

This paper examines the topic of nutrition education for the elderly. Only within the past decade has proper nutrition been recognized as making a major contribution to the health and well-being of the elderly. This recognition of the importance of nutrition in the later years has led to the recent establishment of many nutrition programs for the elderly. As nutrition education is seen as an important tool in improving the nutritional status of the elderly, many of these now programs include nutrition education components.

Part One of this paper discusses the relationship between nutrition and aging. …

Performance Appraisal In Hospital Dietary Departments, Mary C. Law

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The specific objectives of this research were to (1) identify the principal characteristics and functions of performance appraisal programs utilized in hospital dietary departments, (2) determine the ten major factors in performance appraisal as indicated by the hospital dietary department directors as well as by dietetic interns and the factors indicated in the review of literature, and (3) develop an evaluation form for performance appraisal of hospital dietary department employees utilizing criteria obtained from (1) and (2).

Three hundred general, short term, nonprofit hospitals were included into the study. Questionnaires were mailed to three hospitals which were classified according to …

The Relationship Of Alcohol Consumption In Rats To Morphine And Codeine Intake And The Metabolism Of Dopamine, Hsiu Fen Liu

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The effects of morphine and codeine free-choice alcohol consumption in male Sprague-Dawley rats were studied. Intakes of a 10% alcohol solution in milliliters per 100 gm. of body weight were on recorded weekly. No difference was found in the alcohol intake of rats given either a morphine-supplemented diet (0.01% of the diet) or daily injection of morphine sulfate (2 mg./kg.); however, there was a significant lower intake of water (p < .05) in those rats fed the diet with morphine. Total fluid consumption of both groups given the morphine-supplemented diet and daily injection of morphine sulfate was decreased (p < .05). It was found that morphine did not affect the percentage of total fluid consumed as alcohol or the weight gain.

Two levels of codeine phosphate (10 mg./kg. and 20 mg./kg.) were injected subcutaneously into rats twice a day. It was observed that the codeine significantly decreased alcohol intake in rats …

The Effect Of Diet On Neutrophilic Phagocytosis, Linda L. Hoover

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Two series of experiments were conducted in order to determine the effects of diet on neutrophilic phagocytosis. The first series was designed to determine the effects of varying amounts of oral glucose on phagocytosis. Blood samples from 6 to 8 subjects were drawn at fasting, and at various time periods following ingestion of 12.5, 25, 50, 75, and 100 grams of glucose. In the second series of experiments, blood samples were taken from 11 subjects after an overnight fast and 2 hours following ingestion of one of 4 different liquid diets, which included the following: the meal (I), consisting of …

The Bactericidal Activity Of Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes Before And After The Ingestion Of Glucose, Carolyn Ann Corder

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The bactericidal test has been used to determine whether the consumption of concentrated carbohydrate affects the ability of human leukocytes to destroy bacteria. Subjects were given a dose of 100 grams of glucose. Two hours later a blood sample was drawn and incubated with Staphylococcus epidermidis for 120 minutes. There was no significant difference in the bactericidal activity of leukocytes of blood two hours following the ingestion of glucose from the bactericidal activity of fasting blood. A count done simultaneously with the bactericidal tests of the average number of single cocci engulfed per polymorphonuclear leukocyte showed a slightly lower phagocytic …