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Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Commons™
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- Aging (2)
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Articles 1 - 5 of 5
Full-Text Articles in Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience
Innate Lymphoid Cell Characterization And Ilc2s In Neuroinflammation In Aging And Sex Differences, Alexis Mobley, Alexis S. Mobley
Innate Lymphoid Cell Characterization And Ilc2s In Neuroinflammation In Aging And Sex Differences, Alexis Mobley, Alexis S. Mobley
Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)
Aging affects immunologic responses by a global immune system suppression, including dysregulation of cytokine mediators, leading to increased inflammation throughout all systems, termed inflammaging. However, understanding healthy aging mechanisms can bypass this effect. Inflammaging also leads to poor outcomes during brain injury, making immune-targeting therapeutics tantamount to overall brain health and longevity. Moreover, sex affects disease etiology and severity through hormonal and chromosomal sex, as the X chromosome contains most immunology-based genes. Androgens have a generally suppressive effect on the immune system. Additionally, when immune responses are mounted, males are better at CD4+ T cell type (Th1) responses, while females …
Reversal Of Neurodegeneration By Engineered Monocytes In Alzheimer’S Disease, Chao-Hsien Chen
Reversal Of Neurodegeneration By Engineered Monocytes In Alzheimer’S Disease, Chao-Hsien Chen
Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)
The health challenges posed by Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continue to grow as societies age worldwide. Accumulation of Tau-associated pathology correlates with clinical cognitive deterioration in AD. Resident myeloid cells within the central nervous system (CNS) have a limited capacity to uptake and degrade Tau; however, the resulting secretion of proinflammatory cytokines only acts to accelerate neurodegeneration. Therapeutic antibodies can reduce the neurotoxic oligomeric form of Tau (o-Tau), but in doing so they also aggravate inflammation. Attenuating mutation of the antibody Fc region can silence inflammation but also eliminates its capacity to mediate o-Tau clearance by CNS myeloid cells. Thus, there …
Rejuvenation Of The Epigenetic Landscape Of The Aged Brain Through Manipulation Of Circulating Factors, Edward Koellhoffer
Rejuvenation Of The Epigenetic Landscape Of The Aged Brain Through Manipulation Of Circulating Factors, Edward Koellhoffer
Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)
The aging population of the United States is expanding at an alarming rate. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that the population of those age 65 years and older will reach over 50 million by 2020 and will double to 100 million by 2060. This will not only put a massive strain on national healthcare resources, but will also increase the number of those who are not able to live and function independently. It is becoming increasingly vital to understand how the brain changes with age and mechanisms to possibly protect and rejuvenate the aged brain to a …
Study Of Regulated Cell Death In Two Systems: Pd-1 In Natural Killer Cells And Rip3 In Neurons, Yu Huang
Study Of Regulated Cell Death In Two Systems: Pd-1 In Natural Killer Cells And Rip3 In Neurons, Yu Huang
Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)
Cell death is not only an essential phenomenon in normal development and homeostasis, but also crucial in various pathologies. It is now clear that many types of cell death can be regulated by pharmacological or genetic interventions. These were largely achieved by identifying the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulated cell death (RCD). While in the immune system, RCD needs to be facilitated to help the clearance of pathogens and tumors, in healthy cells, especially the terminally differentiated neurons in the nervous system, it is more desirable to protect cells from dying due to stress under pathological conditions. Thus, understating the …
Upregulation Of Reactive Oxygen Species During The Retrovirus Life Cycle And Their Roles In A Mutant Of Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus, Ts1-Mediated Neurodegeneration, Soo Jin Kim
Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)
Viral invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) and development of neurological symptoms is a characteristic of many retroviruses. The mechanism by which retrovirus infection causes neurological dysfunction has yet to be fully elucidated. Given the complexity of the retrovirus-mediated neuropathogenesis, studies using small animal models are extremely valuable. Our laboratory has used a mutant moloney murine leukemia retrovirus, ts1-mediated neurodegneration. We hypothesize that astrocytes play an important role in ts1-induced neurodegeneration since they are retroviral reservoirs and supporting cells for neurons. It has been shown that ts1 is able to infect astrocytes in vivo and in …