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Articles 1 - 9 of 9
Full-Text Articles in Computational Neuroscience
Sites Of Circadian Clock Neuron Plasticity Mediate Sensory Integration And Entrainment, Maria P. Fernand, Hannah L. Pettibone, Joseph T. Bogart, Casey J. Roell, Charles E. Davey, Ausra Pranevicius, Khang V. Huynh, Sara M. Lennox, Boyan Kostadinov, Orie T. Shafer
Sites Of Circadian Clock Neuron Plasticity Mediate Sensory Integration And Entrainment, Maria P. Fernand, Hannah L. Pettibone, Joseph T. Bogart, Casey J. Roell, Charles E. Davey, Ausra Pranevicius, Khang V. Huynh, Sara M. Lennox, Boyan Kostadinov, Orie T. Shafer
Publications and Research
Networks of circadian timekeeping in the brain display marked daily changes in neuronal morphology. In Drosophila melanogaster, the striking daily structural remodeling of the dorsal medial termini of the small ventral lateral neurons has long been hypothesized to mediate endogenous circadian timekeeping. To test this model, we have specifically abrogated these sites of daily neuronal remodeling through the reprogramming of neural development and assessed the effects on circadian timekeeping and clock outputs. Remarkably, the loss of these sites has no measurable effects on endogenous circadian timekeeping or on any of the major output functions of the small ventral lateral neurons. …
Circuits With Broken Fibration Symmetries Perform Core Logic Computations In Biological Networks, Ian Leifer, Flaviano Morone, Saulo D. S. Reis, José S. Andrade Jr., Mariano Sigman, Hernán A. Makse
Circuits With Broken Fibration Symmetries Perform Core Logic Computations In Biological Networks, Ian Leifer, Flaviano Morone, Saulo D. S. Reis, José S. Andrade Jr., Mariano Sigman, Hernán A. Makse
Publications and Research
We show that logic computational circuits in gene regulatory networks arise from a fibration symmetry breaking in the network structure. From this idea we implement a constructive procedure that reveals a hierarchy of genetic circuits, ubiquitous across species, that are surprising analogues to the emblematic circuits of solid-state electronics: starting from the transistor and progressing to ring oscillators, current-mirror circuits to toggle switches and flip-flops. These canonical variants serve fundamental operations of synchronization and clocks (in their symmetric states) and memory storage (in their broken symmetry states). These conclusions introduce a theoretically principled strategy to search for computational building blocks …
Rules And Mechanisms For Efficient Two-Stage Learning In Neural Circuits, Tiberiu Teşileanu, Bence Ölveczky, Vijay Balasubramanian
Rules And Mechanisms For Efficient Two-Stage Learning In Neural Circuits, Tiberiu Teşileanu, Bence Ölveczky, Vijay Balasubramanian
Publications and Research
Trial-and-error learning requires evaluating variable actions and reinforcing successful variants. In songbirds, vocal exploration is induced by LMAN, the output of a basal ganglia-related circuit that also contributes a corrective bias to the vocal output. This bias is gradually consolidated in RA, a motor cortex analogue downstream of LMAN. We develop a new model of such two-stage learning. Using stochastic gradient descent, we derive how the activity in ‘tutor’ circuits (e.g., LMAN) should match plasticity mechanisms in ‘student’ circuits (e.g., RA) to achieve efficient learning. We further describe a reinforcement learning framework through which the tutor can build its teaching …
The New York Head—A Precise Standardized Volume Conductor Model For Eeg Source Localization And Tes Targeting, Yu Huang, Lucas C. Parra, Stefan Haufe
The New York Head—A Precise Standardized Volume Conductor Model For Eeg Source Localization And Tes Targeting, Yu Huang, Lucas C. Parra, Stefan Haufe
Publications and Research
In source localization of electroencephalograpic (EEG) signals, as well as in targeted transcranial electric current stimulation (tES), a volume conductor model is required to describe the flow of electric currents in the head. Boundary element models (BEM) can be readily computed to representmajor tissue compartments, but cannot encode detailed anatomical information within compartments. Finite element models (FEM) can capture more tissue types and intricate anatomical structures, but with the higher precision also comes the need for semiautomated segmentation, and a higher computational cost. In either case, adjusting to the individual human anatomy requires costlymagnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and thus head …
A Principle Of Economy Predicts The Functional Architecture Of Grid Cells, Xue-Xin Wei, Jason Prentice, Vijay Balasubramanian
A Principle Of Economy Predicts The Functional Architecture Of Grid Cells, Xue-Xin Wei, Jason Prentice, Vijay Balasubramanian
Publications and Research
Grid cells in the brain respond when an animal occupies a periodic lattice of ‘grid fields’ during navigation. Grids are organized in modules with different periodicity. We propose that the grid system implements a hierarchical code for space that economizes the number of neurons required to encode location with a given resolution across a range equal to the largest period. This theory predicts that (i) grid fields should lie on a triangular lattice, (ii) grid scales should follow a geometric progression, (iii) the ratio between adjacent grid scales should be √e for idealized neurons, and lie between 1.4 and 1.7 …
Rejection Positivity Predicts Trial-To-Trial Reaction Times In An Auditory Selective Attention Task: A Computational Analysis Of Inhibitory Control, Sufen Chen, Robert D. Melara
Rejection Positivity Predicts Trial-To-Trial Reaction Times In An Auditory Selective Attention Task: A Computational Analysis Of Inhibitory Control, Sufen Chen, Robert D. Melara
Publications and Research
A series of computer simulations using variants of a formal model of attention (Melara and Algom, 2003) probed the role of rejection positivity (RP), a slow-wave electroencephalographic (EEG) component, in the inhibitory control of distraction. Behavioral and EEG data were recorded as participants performed auditory selective attention tasks. Simulations that modulated processes of distractor inhibition accounted well for reaction-time (RT) performance, whereas those that modulated target excitation did not. A model that incorporated RP from actual EEG recordings in estimating distractor inhibition was superior in predicting changes in RT as a function of distractor salience across conditions. A …
Eeg-Microstate Dependent Emergence Of Perceptual Awareness, Juliane Britz, Laura Díaz Hernàndez, Tony Ro, Christoph M. Michel
Eeg-Microstate Dependent Emergence Of Perceptual Awareness, Juliane Britz, Laura Díaz Hernàndez, Tony Ro, Christoph M. Michel
Publications and Research
We investigated whether the differences in perceptual awareness for stimuli at the threshold of awareness can arise from different global brain states before stimulus onset indexed by the EEG microstate. We used a metacontrast backward masking paradigm in which subjects had to discriminate between two weak stimuli and obtained measures of accuracy and awareness while their EEG was recorded from 256 channels. Comparing targets that were correctly identified with and without awareness allowed us to contrast differences in awareness while keeping performance constant for identical physical stimuli. Two distinct pre-stimulus scalp potential fields (microstate maps) dissociated correct identification with and …
Field Effects And Ictal Synchronization: Insights From In Homine Observations, Shennan A. Weiss, Guy Mckhann Jr., Robert Goodman, Ronald G. Emerson, Andrew Trevelyan, Marom Bikson, Catherine A. Schevon
Field Effects And Ictal Synchronization: Insights From In Homine Observations, Shennan A. Weiss, Guy Mckhann Jr., Robert Goodman, Ronald G. Emerson, Andrew Trevelyan, Marom Bikson, Catherine A. Schevon
Publications and Research
It has been well established in animal models that electrical fields generated during inter-ictal and ictal discharges are strong enough in intensity to influence action potential firing threshold and synchronization. We discuss recently published data from microelectrode array recordings of human neocortical seizures and speculate about the possible role of field effects in neuronal synchronization. We have identified two distinct seizure territories that cannot be easily distinguished by traditional EEG analysis. The ictal core exhibits synchronized neuronal burst firing, while the surrounding ictal penumbra exhibits asynchronous and relatively sparse neuronal activity. In the ictal core large amplitude rhythmic ictal discharges …
Neural Processing Of Facial Identity And Emotion In Infants At High-Risk For Autism Spectrum Disorders, Sharon E. Fox, Jennifer B. Wagner, Christine L. Shrock, Helen Tager-Flusberg, Charles A. Nelson
Neural Processing Of Facial Identity And Emotion In Infants At High-Risk For Autism Spectrum Disorders, Sharon E. Fox, Jennifer B. Wagner, Christine L. Shrock, Helen Tager-Flusberg, Charles A. Nelson
Publications and Research
Deficits in face processing and social impairment are core characteristics of autism spectrum disorder. The present work examined 7-month-old infants at high-risk for developing autism and typically developing controls at low-risk, using a face perception task designed to differentiate between the effects of face identity and facial emotions on neural response using functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. In addition, we employed independent component analysis, as well as a novel method of condition-related component selection and classification to identify group differences in hemodynamic wave forms and response distributions associated with face and emotion processing.The results indicate similarities of waveforms, but differences in the …