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2019

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Articles 421 - 431 of 431

Full-Text Articles in Neuroscience and Neurobiology

Testosterone Replacement Therapy For The Recovery From Chronic Vestibular Dysfunction Following Repeat Mild Traumatic Brain Injury In Male Long-Evans Hooded Rats, Arthur Segismundo Jan 2019

Testosterone Replacement Therapy For The Recovery From Chronic Vestibular Dysfunction Following Repeat Mild Traumatic Brain Injury In Male Long-Evans Hooded Rats, Arthur Segismundo

Master's Theses

Repeat mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI) is a major public health concern leading to both chronic hypogonadism and vestibular impairment. Following rmTBI, vestibular symptoms are one of the most common complaints and hypogonadism occurs in a majority of patients. Gonadal hormones have a well-established role in neuroplasticity and axonal regeneration. The loss of gonadal hormones due to rmTBI may delay recovery. A clinically relevant closed-headed rmTBI male rodent model was utilized to examine the role of testosterone replacement therapy on chronic vestibular dysfunction. This is the first study to demonstrate both hypogonadism and vestibular dysfunction in the acute and chronic …

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Neurobehavioral Measurements Of Natural And Opioid Reward Value, Aaron Paul Smith Jan 2019

Neurobehavioral Measurements Of Natural And Opioid Reward Value, Aaron Paul Smith

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

In the last decade, (non)prescription opioid abuse, opioid use disorder (OUD) diagnoses, and opioid-related overdoses have risen and represent a significant public health concern. One method of understanding OUD is as a disorder of choice that requires choosing opioid rewards at the expense of other nondrug rewards. The characterization of OUD as a disorder of choice is important as it implicates decision- making processes as therapeutic targets, such as the valuation of opioid rewards. However, reward-value measurement and interpretation are traditionally different in substance abuse research compared to related fields such as economics, animal behavior, and neuroeconomics and may be …

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Spag17 Deficiency Impairs Neuronal Cell Differentiation In Developing Brain, Olivia J. Choi Jan 2019

Spag17 Deficiency Impairs Neuronal Cell Differentiation In Developing Brain, Olivia J. Choi

Theses and Dissertations

The development of the nervous system is a multi-level, time-sensitive process that relies heavily on cell differentiation. However, the molecular mechanisms that control brain development remain poorly understood. We generated a knockout (KO) mouse for the cilia associated gene Spag17. These animals develop hydrocephalus and enlarged ventricles consistent with the role of Spag17 in the motility of ependymal cilia. However, other phenotypes that cannot be explained by this role were also present. Recently, a mutation in Spag17 has been associated with brain malformations and severe intellectual disability in humans. Therefore, we hypothesized that Spag17 plays a crucial role in …

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Characterizing The Cellular Nature Of The Physical Interactions Necessary For Collective Neuron Migration, Rebecca Vareed Jan 2019

Characterizing The Cellular Nature Of The Physical Interactions Necessary For Collective Neuron Migration, Rebecca Vareed

Theses and Dissertations

Neuronal migration is an essential process in the development of the nervous system. Neurons are born in one location and migrate sizable distances to their final location. In many other developmental processes, cells migrate as collectives, where the migration of one cell influences the migration of another cell; this process has yet to be shown in the developing central nervous system. Using the conserved tangential migration of facial branchiomotor neurons (FBMNs), I aim to determine the nature of the collective migration in the developing nervous system. Here, two models of FBMN collective migration are tested: the “Pioneer” model, where following …

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The Role Of Mindfulness In Self-View Investment: Neural And Subjective Indicators, Hadley Rahrig Jan 2019

The Role Of Mindfulness In Self-View Investment: Neural And Subjective Indicators, Hadley Rahrig

Theses and Dissertations

Self-concept is strongly influenced by beliefs about one’s personal psychological attributes, and these beliefs are held with varying degrees of confidence and consequence. Hence, it is investment in self-views of those attributes that helps to regulate and maintain stable self-concept. Self-view investment is relevant to numerous self-related functions, but high self-view investment can also contribute to maladaptive self-views. Theory suggests that mindfulness cultivates a less personal, more objective perception of one’s thoughts, emotions and behaviors, and training in mindfulness has been shown to alter self-referential processing. The current pilot study (N=21) investigates the possible role of dispositional mindfulness in two …

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Structure-Activity Relationship Studies Of Synthetic Cathinones And Related Agents, Rachel A. Davies Jan 2019

Structure-Activity Relationship Studies Of Synthetic Cathinones And Related Agents, Rachel A. Davies

Theses and Dissertations

Synthetic cathinones and related agents represent an international drug abuse problem, and at the same time an important class of clinically useful compounds. Structure-activity relationship studies are needed to elucidate molecular features underlying the pharmacology of these agents. Illicit methcathinone (i.e., MCAT), the prototype of the synthetic cathinone class, exists as a racemic mixture. Though the differences in potency and target selectivity between the positional and optical isomers of synthetic cathinones and related agents have been demonstrated to have important implications for abuse and therapeutic potential, the two MCAT isomers have never been directly compared at their molecular targets: the …

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Illumination Of The Golgi Apparatus Of Pathogenic And Nonpathogenic Naegleria Species, Tyler M. Poe Jan 2019

Illumination Of The Golgi Apparatus Of Pathogenic And Nonpathogenic Naegleria Species, Tyler M. Poe

Theses and Dissertations

In this study, Naegleria fowleri, a pathogenic amoeba and the causative agent of Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM), was utilized to determine the presence or absence of classically conserved Golgi molecules featured in the expression of a Golgi apparatus. Previous studies concluded no Golgi expression via light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, but a recent report on Naegleria gruberi indicated the presence of dispersed Golgi tubules. Non-pathogenic species of the Naegleria genus such as Naegleria gruberi 30540 and Naegleria lovaniensis 30569 were utilized in Western immunoblot analysis compared to reduced whole-cell lysate proteins of two strains of N. fowleri and …

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Molecular Targets Of Psychedelics And Their Role In Behavioral Models Of Hallucinogenic Action, Hiba Z. Vohra Jan 2019

Molecular Targets Of Psychedelics And Their Role In Behavioral Models Of Hallucinogenic Action, Hiba Z. Vohra

Theses and Dissertations

Psychedelics are a subset of hallucinogenic drugs that exert their characteristic effects through agonist activity at the serotonin receptor 2A (5-HT2A). In this study, I aimed to characterize the modulatory role of the metabotropic glutamate subtype 2 receptor (mGluR2) in the 5-HT2A-specific rodent model of hallucinogenic action, head-twitch response (HTR). Secondly, I aimed to explore if 5-HT2A agonist-induced deficits in prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response, an additional model of hallucinogenic action, could be produced in mice. Though 5-HT2A agonist-induced PPI deficits, which represent interruptions in normal sensorimotor gating, have been described in …

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An Investigation On The Role Of Β-Arrestin 2, Protein Kinase C And Sex On The Mechanism Of Morphine Tolerance In The Mouse Ileum, Karan Hitesh Muchhala Jan 2019

An Investigation On The Role Of Β-Arrestin 2, Protein Kinase C And Sex On The Mechanism Of Morphine Tolerance In The Mouse Ileum, Karan Hitesh Muchhala

Theses and Dissertations

Opioids such as morphine are frequently used in the clinic to treat pain. However, the perennial bane of chronic opioid use is the rapid development of tolerance to the analgesic effects but delayed development of tolerance to the respiratory depressant and constipating effects. As constipation is one of the most common opioid-related adverse effects in humans, it is important to delineate mechanisms that drive opioid tolerance in the ileum and lack of it in the colon. The overarching goal of this thesis was to investigate mechanisms of morphine tolerance in the ileum by comparing the mechanism of morphine tolerance in …

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Design, Synthesis And Pharmacological Characterization Of Potential Mu Opioid Receptor Selective Ligands, Abhishek S. Kulkarni Jan 2019

Design, Synthesis And Pharmacological Characterization Of Potential Mu Opioid Receptor Selective Ligands, Abhishek S. Kulkarni

Theses and Dissertations

Selective Mu Opioid Receptor (MOR) antagonists possess immense potential in the treatment of opioid abuse/addiction. Utilizing the “message-address” concept, our laboratory reported a novel, reversible, non-peptide MOR selective antagonist 17-cyclopropylmethyl-3,14β-dihydroxy-4,5α-epoxy-6β-[(4՛-pyridyl)carboxamido]morphinan (NAP). Molecular modeling studies revealed that the selectivity of NAP for the MOR is because of a π-π stacking interaction of its pyridine ring with the Trp318residue in theMOR. Pharmacological characterization showed that NAP is a P-glycoprotein substrate, thereby limiting its use in the treatment of opioid abuse/addiction. Thus, to modify NAP, we replaced the pyridine ring with its isosteric counterpart thiophene. Isosteric replacement …

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The Progression Of Aβ Proteins In The Retrosplenial Cortex Using An App/Ps1 Alzheimer’S Disease Transgenic Rodent Model, Maha H. Rashid Jan 2019

The Progression Of Aβ Proteins In The Retrosplenial Cortex Using An App/Ps1 Alzheimer’S Disease Transgenic Rodent Model, Maha H. Rashid

Senior Independent Study Theses

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia in the world with a new case of dementia diagnosed every 3.2 seconds. For over 25 years the amyloid cascade hypothesis has existed as a mechanism of understanding and diagnosing Alzheimer’s Disease. The amyloid cascade hypothesis suggests that Alzheimer’s Disease is sequential in protein progression and proliferative from the medial temporal lobe to the rest of the brain. Hypometabolism of brain regions has also been correlated to plaque deposition and hypometabolism is observed in brain regions that make up the default mode network, specifically the retrosplenial cortex, which is not accounted …

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