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Neuroscience and Neurobiology Commons

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2009

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Articles 61 - 79 of 79

Full-Text Articles in Neuroscience and Neurobiology

Alcohol Self-Administration Acutely Stimulates The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (Hpa) Axis, But Alcohol Dependence Leads To A Dampened Neuroendocrine State, Laura O'Dell Jan 2009

Alcohol Self-Administration Acutely Stimulates The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (Hpa) Axis, But Alcohol Dependence Leads To A Dampened Neuroendocrine State, Laura O'Dell

Departmental Papers (Psych)

No abstract provided.


A Psychobiological Framework Of The Substrates That Mediate Nicotine Use During Adolescence, Laura O'Dell Jan 2009

A Psychobiological Framework Of The Substrates That Mediate Nicotine Use During Adolescence, Laura O'Dell

Departmental Papers (Psych)

No abstract provided.


Female Rats Display Dose-Dependent Differences To The Rewarding And Aversive Effects Of Nicotine In An Age-, Hormone-, And Sex-Dependent Manner., Laura O'Dell Jan 2009

Female Rats Display Dose-Dependent Differences To The Rewarding And Aversive Effects Of Nicotine In An Age-, Hormone-, And Sex-Dependent Manner., Laura O'Dell

Departmental Papers (Psych)

No abstract provided.


Rodent Models Of Nicotine Reward: What Do They Tell Us About Tobacco Abuse In Humans?, Laura O'Dell Jan 2009

Rodent Models Of Nicotine Reward: What Do They Tell Us About Tobacco Abuse In Humans?, Laura O'Dell

Departmental Papers (Psych)

No abstract provided.


Impact Of Serotonin 2c Receptor Null Mutation On Physiology And Behavior Associated With Nigrostriatal Dopamine Pathway Function., Laura O'Dell Jan 2009

Impact Of Serotonin 2c Receptor Null Mutation On Physiology And Behavior Associated With Nigrostriatal Dopamine Pathway Function., Laura O'Dell

Departmental Papers (Psych)

No abstract provided.


The Neuroscientific Study Of The Self: Methodological And Theoretical Challenges, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Samuel E. Winer Jan 2009

The Neuroscientific Study Of The Self: Methodological And Theoretical Challenges, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Samuel E. Winer

Psychology Faculty Scholarship

Neuroscientific research methods, such as brain imaging techniques, have increasingly been applied to social cognitive research efforts and, in particular, to the study of the self. In this essay we discuss the ability of such research to shed light on the emergent, dynamic psychological phenomenon of self. Although neuroscientific tools can be useful for gaining general knowledge about associated underlying structures, a careful consideration of the methodological and theoretical issues discussed herein is necessary to avoid simplifying or reifying the self.


Pdi, Reactive Oxygen Species Stress And Polyphenolic Phytochemicals: Implications For Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rituraj Pal Jan 2009

Pdi, Reactive Oxygen Species Stress And Polyphenolic Phytochemicals: Implications For Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rituraj Pal

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

PDI, protein disulfide isomerase, is one of the most versatile proteins and highly expressed in mammalian cells because there is a vast number of proteins that must undergo processing before secretion to their final destinations. PDI has several functions: oxidation of nascent proteins and isomerization of existing disulfide bonds. It also possesses chaperone activity and participates in protein degradation. Because of its structure, PDI can exist in a reduced or oxidized form. In mammalian cells it is mostly reduced due to the high demand of disulfide bond shuffling of secreted proteins within the ER, PDI a, a', and b' posses …


A Study Of Possible Pre-Cognitive Advantages Of Bilingualism, Marisela Gutierrez Jan 2009

A Study Of Possible Pre-Cognitive Advantages Of Bilingualism, Marisela Gutierrez

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Past research has suggested that second language acquisition has a beneficial effect on the development of inhibitory control processes in children and adults. This has been referred to as the "bilingual advantage" and is most commonly quantified using the Simon task. Whether the bilingual advantage extends to precognitive mechanisms has not yet been examined. The goals of this study were to examine the bilingual advantage in university students; and to examine whether the bilingual advantage extends to the precognitive filtering mechanism of sensorimotor gating. It was predicted that, as compared to monolinguals, bilingual university students would have greater inhibitory control, …


Mcp-1 And App Involvement Of Glial Differentiation And Migration Of Neuroprogenitor Cells, Emmanuel Vrotsos Jan 2009

Mcp-1 And App Involvement Of Glial Differentiation And Migration Of Neuroprogenitor Cells, Emmanuel Vrotsos

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Neuroprogenitor cells are an important resource because of their potential to replace damaged cells in the brain caused by trauma and disease. It is of great importance to better understand which factors influence the differentiation and migration of these cells. Previously it has been reported that neuroprogenitor cells undergoing apoptotic stress have increased levels of Amyloid precursor protein (APP) and increased APP expression results in glial differentiation. APP activity was also shown to be required for staurosporine induced glial differentiation of neuroprogenitor cells. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a chemokine that is expressed during inflammatory. The binding of MCP-1 to …


Resting State Default-Mode Network Connectivity In Early Depression Using A Seed Region-Of-Interest Analysis: Decreased Connectivity With Caudate Nucleus, Robyn Bluhm, Peter Williamson, Ruth Lanius, Jean Théberge, Maria Densmore, Robert Bartha, Richard Neufeld, Elizabeth Osuch Jan 2009

Resting State Default-Mode Network Connectivity In Early Depression Using A Seed Region-Of-Interest Analysis: Decreased Connectivity With Caudate Nucleus, Robyn Bluhm, Peter Williamson, Ruth Lanius, Jean Théberge, Maria Densmore, Robert Bartha, Richard Neufeld, Elizabeth Osuch

Philosophy Faculty Publications

Aim: Reports on resting brain activity in healthy controls have described a default-mode network (DMN) and important differences in DMN connectivity have emerged for several psychiatric conditions. No study to date, however, has investigated resting-state DMN in relatively early depression before years of medication treatment. The objective of the present study was, therefore, to investigate the DMN in patients seeking help from specialized mental health services for the first time for symptoms of depression.

Methods: Fourteen depressed subjects and 15 matched controls were scanned using 4-T functional magnetic resonance imaging while resting with eyes closed. All but one subject was …


Neuroscience And Health Law: An Integrative Approach?, Stacey A. Tovino Jan 2009

Neuroscience And Health Law: An Integrative Approach?, Stacey A. Tovino

Faculty Articles

Clinicians and scientists use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to map sensory, motor, and cognitive function and to study the neural correlates of a range of physical and mental conditions, behaviors, characteristics, and preferences. Due to its move outside the clinical and research contexts, fMRI raises a number of ethical, legal, and social issues that are being examined within the overlapping fields of neuroethics and neurolaw. The early neuroethics and neurolaw scholarship focused heavily on the implications of fMRI for evidence law, criminal law, criminal procedure, and constitutional law. Little attention has been paid, however, to the implications of advances …


Does Type Of Stimulus Influence Task-Irrelevant Evaluative Categorization Processes?, Guadalupe Corral Jan 2009

Does Type Of Stimulus Influence Task-Irrelevant Evaluative Categorization Processes?, Guadalupe Corral

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The effect of stimulus type on task-irrelevant evaluative categorization was examined in two separate studies by using the P3 component from event-related brain potentials. The first study presented idiosyncratic stimuli consisting of individuals that were rated by participants as either positive or negative within sequences of pictorial and verbal stimuli. The second study presented sequences of novel and familiar stimuli consisting of previously normed unattractive and neutral individuals. It was hypothesized that pictures would elicit task-irrelevant evaluative categorization processes and so would novel stimuli (relative to words and familiar stimuli, respectively). Task-irrelevance was examined by assessing P3 peak amplitude to …


Characterization Of The Behavioral And Neurochemical Effects Of Nicotine Withdrawal In Adolescent And Adult Rats., Luis Alberto Natividad Jan 2009

Characterization Of The Behavioral And Neurochemical Effects Of Nicotine Withdrawal In Adolescent And Adult Rats., Luis Alberto Natividad

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Previous studies have demonstrated that the behavioral effects of nicotine withdrawal are lower in adolescent versus adult rats. However, the neurochemical mechanisms that mediate these developmental differences are presently unclear. Much work has shown that nicotine reward is mediated via enhanced dopamine neurotransmission in the mesolimbic pathway which originates in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and terminates in several forebrain structures including the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). More recently, studies have shown that nicotine withdrawal produces a decrease in NAcc dopamine transmission, an effect that is believed to serve as a neurochemical marker of withdrawal in adult rodents. The goal of …


The Role Of Nucleotide Signaling In The Regulation Of Icl,Swell In Human 1321n1 Astrocytoma Cells, Ian C. Wenker Jan 2009

The Role Of Nucleotide Signaling In The Regulation Of Icl,Swell In Human 1321n1 Astrocytoma Cells, Ian C. Wenker

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Swollen cells expel osmolytes to decrease volume in a process referred to as Regulatory Volume Decrease, or RVD. The plasma membrane current ICl,swell is ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells and contributes significantly to RVD. In a variety of cell types, activation of ICl,swell is enhanced by nucleotide signaling. In this study, we used human astrocytoma cells to examine whether nucleotide signaling is necessary or sufficient for ICl,swell activation. Three clones of the 1321N1 human astrocytoma cell line were used for voltage clamp recordings. One clone was transfected with P2Y1 receptors, another with P2Y2 receptors and a third was devoid of …


Clamping Of Intracellular Ph In Neurons From Neonatal Rat Brainstem During Hypercapnia, Vivian C. Nanagas Jan 2009

Clamping Of Intracellular Ph In Neurons From Neonatal Rat Brainstem During Hypercapnia, Vivian C. Nanagas

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

In this work, I have made attempts to clamp intracellular pH in the presence of hypercapnic acidosis (HA) in neurons from the locus coeruleus (LC) and nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) in neonatal rat (ages P3 to P17) brainstem slices. Two approaches were used to minimize hypercapnia-induced ΔpHi: 1) an increase in intracellular buffering power with a high HEPES concentration using whole cell patching techniques in individual neurons, and 2) a weak acid diffusion technique that relies on an efflux of weak acid to counterbalance HA influx thereby clamping pHi in multiple neurons at once. pH …


Conceptual Circuit Models Of Neurons, Bo Deng Jan 2009

Conceptual Circuit Models Of Neurons, Bo Deng

Department of Mathematics: Faculty Publications

A systematic circuit approach tomodel neurons with ion pump is presented here by which the voltage-gated current channels are modeled as conductors, the diffusion-induced current channels are modeled as negative resistors, and the one-way ion pumps are modeled as one-way inductors. The newly synthesized models are different from the type of models based on Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) approach which aggregates the electro, the diffusive, and the pump channels of each ion into one conductance channel. We show that our new models not only recover many known properties of the HH type models but also exhibit some new that cannot be extracted …


Brain Activation During Anticipation Of Sound Sequences, Amber M. Leaver, Jennifer Van Lare, Brandon Zielinski, Andrea R. Halpern, Josef P. Rauschecker Jan 2009

Brain Activation During Anticipation Of Sound Sequences, Amber M. Leaver, Jennifer Van Lare, Brandon Zielinski, Andrea R. Halpern, Josef P. Rauschecker

Faculty Journal Articles

Music consists of sound sequences that require integration over time. As we become familiar with music, associations between notes, melodies, and entire symphonic movements become stronger and more complex. These associations can become so tight that, for example, hearing the end of one album track can elicit a robust image of the upcoming track while anticipating it in total silence. Here, we study this predictive “anticipatory imagery” at various stages throughout learning and investigate activity changes in corresponding neural structures using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Anticipatory imagery (in silence) for highly familiar naturalistic music was accompanied by pronounced activity in …


Neurocognitive Deficits And Functional Outcome In Bipolar Disorder, Danielle T. Bello Jan 2009

Neurocognitive Deficits And Functional Outcome In Bipolar Disorder, Danielle T. Bello

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Bipolar disorder affects approximately 1% of the population. It is a severe and debilitating illness, causing serious impairment of interpersonal, occupational and social functioning. The disorder is characterized by marked mood swings as well significant neurocognitive deficits. Based on work with other psychiatric and neurological disorders, neurocognitive deficits in bipolar disorder are expected to be strong predictors of functional capacity. However, few studies have evaluated the consequences of neurocognitive deficits in this disorder. Most available studies have focused on the clinical correlates of functional outcome, such as number of hospitalizations, age of disorder onset, and severity of symptoms. While useful, …


A Rat Model Examining Behavioral And Neurochemical Effects Of Passive Exposure To Aggression On Observers, Hideo Suzuki Jan 2009

A Rat Model Examining Behavioral And Neurochemical Effects Of Passive Exposure To Aggression On Observers, Hideo Suzuki

Dissertations

Previous studies have consistently reported that passive exposure to aggression is a risk of aggressive inclinations for a human witness. However, it is unclear whether a witness' aggressiveness is semi-permanently socialized or temporarily primed. Furthermore, a neurochemical mechanism of passive exposure to aggression also remains unaddressed in clinical literature. The present research used a rat model to clarify the behavioral and neurochemical effects of passive exposure to aggression. First, rats were screened for their aggressiveness after they were acutely or chronically exposed to aggression or non-aggression. It was found that observer rats chronically exposed to aggression exhibited more aggression than …