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Articles 31 - 37 of 37
Full-Text Articles in Neuroscience and Neurobiology
Prediction Accuracy Of Young And Middle-Aged Adults In Memory For Familiar And Unfamiliar Texts, Sarah K. Johnson, Andrea R. Halpern
Prediction Accuracy Of Young And Middle-Aged Adults In Memory For Familiar And Unfamiliar Texts, Sarah K. Johnson, Andrea R. Halpern
Faculty Journal Articles
This study investigated the influence of age, familiarity, and level of exposure on the metamemorial skill of prediction accuracy on a future test. Young (17 to 23 years old) and middle-aged adults (35 to 50 years old) were asked to predict their memory for text material. Participants made predictions on a familiar text and an unfamiliar text, at three different levels of exposure to each. The middle-aged adults were superior to the younger adults at predicting performance. This finding indicates that metamemory may increase from youth to middle age. Other findings include superior prediction accuracy for unfamiliar compared to familiar …
When That Tune Runs Through Your Head: A Pet Investigation Of Auditory Imagery For Familiar Melodies, Andrea R. Halpern, Robert J. Zatorre
When That Tune Runs Through Your Head: A Pet Investigation Of Auditory Imagery For Familiar Melodies, Andrea R. Halpern, Robert J. Zatorre
Faculty Journal Articles
The present study used positron emission tomography (PET) to examine the cerebral activity pattern associated with auditory imagery forfamiliar tunes. Subjects either imagined the continuation of nonverbaltunes cued by their first few notes, listened to a short sequence of notesas a control task, or listened and then reimagined that short sequence. Subtraction of the activation in the control task from that in the real-tune imagery task revealed primarily right-sided activation in frontal and superior temporal regions, plus supplementary motor area(SMA). Isolating retrieval of the real tunes by subtracting activation in the reimagine task from that in the real-tune imagery task …
Identification Of Speeded And Slowed Familiar Melodies By Younger, Middle-Aged, And Older Musicians And Nonmusicians, Melinda W. Andrews, W. Jay Dowling, James C. Bartlett, Andrea R. Halpern
Identification Of Speeded And Slowed Familiar Melodies By Younger, Middle-Aged, And Older Musicians And Nonmusicians, Melinda W. Andrews, W. Jay Dowling, James C. Bartlett, Andrea R. Halpern
Faculty Journal Articles
There is a range of tempos within which listeners can identify familiar tunes (around 0.8 to 6.0 notes/s). Faster and slower tunes are difficult to identify. The authors assessed fast and slow melody-identification thresholds for 80 listeners ages 17–79 years with expertise varying from musically untrained to professional. On fast-to-slow (FS) trials the tune started at a very fast tempo and slowed until the listener identified it. Slow-to-fast (SF) trials started slow and accelerated. Tunes either retained their natural rhythms or were stylized isochronous versions. Increased expertise led to better performance for both FS and SF thresholds (r = .45). …
The Effects Of Aging And Musical Experience On The Representation Of Tonal Hierarchies, Andrea R. Halpern, Seyeul Kwak, James C. Bartlett, W. Jay Dowling
The Effects Of Aging And Musical Experience On The Representation Of Tonal Hierarchies, Andrea R. Halpern, Seyeul Kwak, James C. Bartlett, W. Jay Dowling
Faculty Journal Articles
Two experiments explored the representation of the tonal hierarchy in Western music among older (aged 60 to 80) and younger (aged 15 to 22) musicians and nonmusicians. A probe tone technique was used: 4 notes from the major triad were presented, followed by 1 note chosen from the 12 notes of the chromatic scale. Whereas musicians had a better sense of the tonal hierarchy than nonmusicians, older adults were no worse than younger adults in differentiating the notes according to musical principles. However, older adults were more prone than younger adults to classify the notes by frequency proximity (pitch height) …
Hearing In The Mind's Ear: A Pet Investigation Of Musical Imagery And Perception, Robert J. Zatorre, Andrea R. Halpern, David W. Perry, Ernst Meyer, Alan C. Evans
Hearing In The Mind's Ear: A Pet Investigation Of Musical Imagery And Perception, Robert J. Zatorre, Andrea R. Halpern, David W. Perry, Ernst Meyer, Alan C. Evans
Faculty Journal Articles
Neuropsychological studies have suggested that imagery processes may be mediated by neuronal mechanisms similar to those used in perception. To test this hypothesis, and to explore the neural basis for song imagery, 12 normal subjects were scanned using the water bolus method to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF) during the performance of three tasks. In the control condition subjects saw pairs of words on each trial and judged which word was longer. In the perceptual condition subjects also viewed pairs of words, this time drawn from a familiar song; simultaneously they heard the corresponding song, and their task was to …
Aging And Experience In The Recognition Of Musical Transpositions, Andrea R. Halpern, J.C. Bartlett, W.J. Dowling
Aging And Experience In The Recognition Of Musical Transpositions, Andrea R. Halpern, J.C. Bartlett, W.J. Dowling
Faculty Journal Articles
The authors examined the effects of age, musical experience, and characteristics of musical stimuli on a melodic short-term memory task in which participants had to recognize whether a tune was an exact transposition of another tune recently presented. Participants were musicians and nonmusicians between ages 18 and 30 or 60 and 80. In 4 experiments, the authors found that age and experience affected different aspects of the task, with experience becoming more influential when interference was provided during the task. Age and experience interacted only weakly, and neither age nor experience influenced the superiority of tonal over atonal materials. Recognition …
Effect Of Unilateral Temporal-Lobe Excision On Perception And Imagery Of Songs, Robert J. Zatorre, Andrea R. Halpern
Effect Of Unilateral Temporal-Lobe Excision On Perception And Imagery Of Songs, Robert J. Zatorre, Andrea R. Halpern
Faculty Journal Articles
Auditory imagery for songs was studied in two groups of patients with left or right temporal-lobe excision for control of epilepsy, and a group of matched normal control subjects. Two tasks were used. In the perceptual task, subjects saw the text of a familiar song and simultaneously heard it sung. On each trial they judged if the second of two capitalized lyrics was higher or lower in pitch than the first. The imagery task was identical in all respects except that no song was presented, so that subjects had to generate an auditory image of the song. The results indicated …