Neuroscience and Neurobiology Commons^™

A Role For The Forebrain In Mediating Time-Of-Day Differences In Glucocorticoid Counterregulatory Responses To Hypoglycemia In Rats, Lori Gorton, Arshad Khan, Maryann Bohland, Graciela Sanchez-Watts, Casey Donovan, Alan Watts

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

A Role For The Forebrain In Mediating Time-Of-Day Differences In Glucocorticoid Counterregulatory Responses To Hypoglycemia In Rats, Gorton, Arshad Khan, Maryann Bohland, Graciela Sanchez-Watts, Casey Donovan, Alan Watts

Departmental Papers (Biology)

No abstract provided.

Human Mst But Not Mt Responds To Tactile Stimulation, Michael S. Beauchamp, Nafi E. Yasar, Neel Kishan, Tony Ro

Publications and Research

Previous reports of tactile responses in human visual area MT/V5 have used complex stimuli, such as a brush stroking the arm. These complex moving stimuli are likely to induce imagery of visual motion, which is known to be a powerful activator of MT. The area described as “MT” in previous reports consists of at least two distinct cortical areas, MT and MST. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we separately localized human MT and MST and measured their response to vibrotactile stimuli unlikely to induce imagery of visual motion. Strong vibrotactile responses were observed in MST but not in MT. Vibrotactile …

The Role Of Nogo-A During Development Of The Chick Central Nervous System, Shelly A. Caltharp

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Nogo-A is a potent inhibitor of axon regeneration that is expressed by myelin forming oligodendrocytes of the adult central nervous system (CNS). However, neuronal expression of Nogo-A during development suggests an additional role. Little is known about the putative functions of Nogo-A during embryonic development. To examine its potential role we isolated and analyzed the Nogo-A sequence in the chick, we localized its mRNA expression pattern and cell-specific distribution during key phases of cortical development, and studied regulation of its expression during phases that showed promise of function based on expression patterns.

Our results revealed five previously undescribed Nogo-A specific …

Catecholaminergic Control Of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling In Paraventricular Neuroendocrine Neurons In Vivo And In Vitro: A Proposed Role During Glycemic Challenges, Arshad Khan, Todd Ponzio, Graciela Sanchez-Watts, B. Stanley, Glenn Hatton, Alan Watts

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

Catecholaminergic Control Of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling In Paraventricular Neuroendocrine Neurons In Vivo And In Vitro: A Proposed Role During Glycemic Challenges, Khan, Todd Ponzio, Graciela Sanchez-Watts, B. Stanley, Glenn Hatton, Alan Watts

Departmental Papers (Biology)

No abstract provided.

Neuromechanics Of Multifunctionality During Rejection In Aplysia Californica, Hui Ye, Douglas W. Morton, Hillel J. Chiel

Faculty Scholarship

How are the same muscles and neurons used to generate qualitatively different behaviors? We studied this question by analyzing the biomechanical and neural mechanisms of rejection responses in the marine mollusk Aplysia californica and compared these mechanisms with those used to generate swallowing responses (Ye et al., 2006). During rejection, the central grasper of the feeding structure closes to push inedible food out of the buccal cavity. This contrasts with swallowing, during which the grasper is open as it moves toward the jaws (protracts). We examined how the shape change of the grasper during rejection mechanically reconfigured the surrounding musculature. …

Activation In Neural Networks Controlling Ingestive Behaviors: What Does It Mean, And How Do We Map And Measure It?, Alan Watts, Arshad Khan, Graciela Sanchez-Watts, Dawna Salter, Christina Neuner

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

Activation In Neural Networks Controlling Ingestive Behaviors: What Does It Mean, And How Do We Map And Measure It?, Watts, Arshad Khan, Graciela Sanchez-Watts, Dawna Salter, Christina Neuner

Departmental Papers (Biology)

No abstract provided.

Neuromechanics Of Coordination During Swallowing In Aplysia Californica, Hui Ye, Douglas W. Morton, Hillel J. Chiel

Faculty Scholarship

Bernstein (1967) hypothesized that preparation of the periphery was crucial for correct responses to motor output. To test this hypothesis in a behaving animal, we examined the roles of two identified motor neurons, B7 and B8, which contribute to feeding behavior in the marine mollusk Aplysia californica. Neuron B7 innervates a hinge muscle and has no overt behavioral effect during smaller-amplitude (type A) swallows, because the hinge muscle is too short to exert force. Neuron B8 activates a muscle (I4) that acts solely to grasp material during type A swallows. During larger-amplitude (type B) swallows, the behavioral actions of both …

The Effects Of An Analgesic (Biofreeze®) On The Motoneuron Pool Excitability Of The Soleus Muscle, Desiree R. Barth

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects on the Hoffman reflex and motor response with an analgesic (Biofreeze®). Design: The study was a 2X6 design. The independent variables in this study were treatment and time. The dependent variables were the H-reflex (volts) and the M response (volts). Treatment was randomly assigned to control for the effects of order. Setting: This study took place in the Exercise Physiology Laboratory located in the Health and Human Performance Building at Indiana State University. Subjects: 14 volunteers who were physically active and had no known neurological problems. Measurements: Skin and …

A New Interpretation Of The Drug Levodopa In The Treatment Of Parkinson's Disease, Joanne T. Vannah

Graduate Masters Theses

An argument for levodopa induced dyskinesias (LID) as an expression of long term potentiation (LTP) in the striatum is presented. Normally, with an intact nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) input, long term depression (LTD) is expressed in the striatum, however, striatal LTD is lost following DA denervation and chronic levodopa treatment. It is possible that these changes in synaptic efficacy are due to two other chemical modulators, achetylcholine (ACh) and glutamate, which in turn leads to the induction of striatal LTP. ACh and glutamate may produce these changes in motor behavior by affecting the striosomal pathway in addition to their effect on …

Lateral Hypothalamic Signaling Mechanisms Underlying Feeding Stimulation: Differential Contributions Of Src Family Tyrosine Kinases To Feeding Triggered Either By Nmda Injection Or By Food Deprivation, Arshad Khan, Herman Cheung, Elizabeth Gillard, Jennifer Palarca, Derek Welsbie, James Gurd, B. Stanley

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

Lateral Hypothalamic Signaling Mechanisms Underlying Feeding Stimulation: Differential Contributions Of Src Family Tyrosine Kinases To Feeding Triggered Either By Nmda Injection Or By Food Deprivation, Khan, Herman Cheung, Elizabeth Gillard, Jennifer Palarca, Derek Welsbie, James Gurd, B. Stanley

Departmental Papers (Biology)

No abstract provided.

Intravenous 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Injection Rapidly Elevates Levels Of The Phosphorylated Forms Of P44/42 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (Extracellularly Regulated Kinases 1/2) In Rat Hypothalamic Parvicellular Paraventricular Neurons, Arshad Khan, Alan Watts

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

Intravenous 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Injection Rapidly Elevates Levels Of The Phosphorylated Forms Of P44/42 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (Extracellularly Regulated Kinases 1/2) In Rat Hypothalamic Parvicellular Paraventricular Neurons, Khan, Alan Watts

Departmental Papers (Biology)

No abstract provided.

Visual Enhancing Of Tactile Perception In The Posterior Parietal Cortex, Tony Ro, Ruth Wallace, Judith Hagedorn, Alessandro Farnè, Elizabeth Pienkos

Publications and Research

The visual modality typically dominates over our other senses. Here we show that after inducing an extreme conflict in the left hand between vision of touch (present) and the feeling of touch (absent), sensitivity to touch increases for several minutes after the conflict. Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the posterior parietal cortex after this conflict not only eliminated the enduring visual enhancement of touch, but also impaired normal tactile perception. This latter finding demonstrates a direct role of the parietal lobe in modulating tactile perception as a result of the conflict between these senses. These results provide evidence for visual-to-tactile perceptual …

Ipsilesional Biases In Saccades But Not Perception After Lesions Of The Human Inferior Parietal Lobule, Tony Ro, Chris Rorden, Jon Driver, Robert Rafal

Publications and Research

We examined the effects of chronic unilateral lesions to either the inferior parietal lobe, or to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex including the frontal eye fields (FEFs), upon human visual perception and saccades in temporal-order-judgment (TOJ) tasks. Two visual events were presented on each trial, one in each hemifield at various stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs). In the saccade task, patients moved their eyes to whichever stimulus attracted gaze first. In the perceptual-manual task, they pressed a button to indicate which stimulus was perceived first. Frontal patients showed appropriate TOJs for visual targets in both tasks. Parietal patients showed appropriate TOJs in …

Neuromotor And Cognitive Development In Children With Cerebral Palsy In Relation To Neural Plasticity, Vaniecea Pollard

McCabe Thesis Collection

Infants with neurological disabilities, such as cerebral palsy (CP) and Down syndrome (DS), show severe delays in motor and cognitive development relative to chronological age. Involvement of neural plasticity as a treatment of such neurological disorders is increasingly being seen. Previous studies have found that interventions involving sensory linked motor performance have been critical in facilitating motor improvement. The purpose of this study was to compare self-initiated mobility in children with CP and DS. Three infants, ages 8, 9, and 22 months, with diagnoses of no CP, DS, and CP respectively, participated in the study. The infants were videotaped in …

Prolonged Cyclooxygenase-2 Induction In Neurons And Glia Following Traumatic Brain Injury In The Rat, Kenneth I. Strauss, Mary F. Barbe, Renee Marshall Demarest, Ramesh Raghupathi, Samir Mehta, Raj K. Narayan

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) is a primary inflammatory mediator that converts arachidonic acid into precursors of vasoactive prostaglandins, producing reactive oxygen species in the process. Under normal conditions COX2 is not detectable, except at low abundance in the brain. This study demonstrates a distinctive pattern of COX2 increases in the brain over time following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Quantitative lysate ribonuclease protection assays indicate acute and sustained increases in COX2 mRNA in two rat models of TBI. In the lateral fluid percussion model, COX2 mRNA is significantly elevated (>twofold, p < 0.05, Dunnett) at 1 day postinjury in the injured cortex and bilaterally in the hippocampus, compared to sham-injured controls. In the lateral cortical impact model (LCI), COX2 mRNA peaks around 6 h postinjury in the ipsilateral cerebral cortex (fivefold induction, p < 0.05, Dunnett) and in the ipsilateral and contralateral hippocampus (two- and six-fold induction, respectively, p < 0.05, Dunnett). Increases are sustained out to 3 days postinjury in the injured cortex in both models. Further analyses use the LCI model to evaluate COX2 induction. Immunoblot analyses confirm increased levels of COX2 protein in the cortex and hippocampus. Profound increases in COX2 protein are observed in the cortex at 1-3 days, that return to sham levels by 7 days postinjury (p < 0.05, Dunnett). The cellular pattern of COX2 induction following TBI has been characterized using immunohistochemistry. COX2-immunoreactivity (-ir) rises acutely (cell numbers and intensity) and remains elevated for several days following TBI. Increases in COX2-ir colocalize with neurons (MAP2-ir) and glia (GFAP-ir). Increases in COX2-ir are observed in cerebral cortex and hippocampus, ipsilateral and contralateral to injury as early as 2 h postinjury. Neurons in the ipsilateral parietal, perirhinal and piriform cortex become intensely COX2-ir from 2 h to at least 3 days postinjury. In agreement with the mRNA and immunoblot results, COX2-ir appears greatest in the contralateral hippocampus. Hippocampal COX2-ir progresses from the pyramidal cell layer of the CA1 and CA2 region at 2 h, to the CA3 pyramidal cells and dentate polymorphic and granule cell layers by 24 h postinjury. These increases are distinct from those observed following inflammatory challenge, and correspond to brain areas previously identified with the neurological and cognitive deficits associated with TBI. While COX2 induction following TBI may result in selective beneficial responses, chronic COX2 production may contribute to free radical mediated cellular damage, vascular dysfunction, and alterations in cellular metabolism. These may cause secondary injuries to the brain that promote neuropathology and worsen behavioral outcome.

N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Subunit Nr2b Is Widely Expressed Throughout The Rat Diencephalon: An Immunohistochemical Study, Arshad Khan, B. Stanley, Lisa Bozzetti, Christina Chin, Cyndi Stivers, Margarita Curras-Collazo

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Subunit Nr2b Is Widely Expressed Throughout The Rat Diencephalon: An Immunohistochemical Study, Khan, B. Stanley, Lisa Bozzetti, Christina Chin, Cyndi Stivers, Margarita Curras-Collazo

Departmental Papers (Biology)

No abstract provided.

Lateral Hypothalamic Nmda Receptor Subunits Nr2a And/Or Nr2b Mediate Eating: Immunochemical/Behavioral Evidence, Arshad Khan, Margarita Curras, Jennifer Dao, Faizi Jamal, Rishi Goel, Elizabeth Gillard, Stefany Wolfsohn, B. Stanley

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

Lateral Hypothalamic Nmda Receptor Subunits Nr2a And/Or Nr2b Mediate Eating: Immunochemical/Behavioral Evidence, Khan, Margarita Curras, Jennifer Dao, Faizi Jamal, Rishi Goel, Elizabeth Gillard, Stefany Wolfsohn, B. Stanley

Departmental Papers (Biology)

No abstract provided.

The Second Messenger Camp Elicits Eating By An Anatomically Specific Action In The Perifornical Hypothalamus, Elizabeth Gillard, Arshad Khan, Rickinder Grewal, Bara Mouradi, Stefany Wolfsohn, B. Stanley

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

The Second Messenger Camp Elicits Eating By An Anatomically Specific Action In The Perifornical Hypothalamus, Gillard, Arshad Khan, Rickinder Grewal, Bara Mouradi, Stefany Wolfsohn, B. Stanley

Departmental Papers (Biology)

No abstract provided.

Eating Induced By Perifornical Camp Is Behaviorally Selective And Involves Protein Kinase Activity, Elizabeth Gillard, Arshad Khan, Bara Mouradi, Omkar Nalamwar, B. Stanley

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

Eating Induced By Perifornical Camp Is Behaviorally Selective And Involves Protein Kinase Activity, Gillard, Arshad Khan, Bara Mouradi, Omkar Nalamwar, B. Stanley

Departmental Papers (Biology)

No abstract provided.

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Of The Prefrontal Cortex Delays Contralateral Endogenous Saccades, Tony Ro, Avishai Henik, Liana Machado, Robert D. Rafal

Publications and Research

The contributions of the superior prefrontal cortex (SPFC) and the superior parietal lobule (SPL) in generating voluntary endogenous and reflexive visually guided saccades were investigated using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Subjects made choice saccades to the left or right visual field in response to a central arrowhead (endogenous go signal) or a peripheral asterisk (exogenous go signal) that were presented along with a single TMS pulse at varying temporal intervals. TMS over the SPFC increased latencies for saccades made in response to an endogenous go signal toward the contralateral hemifield. No effects were observed when the go signal was exogenous …

An Identified Histaminergic Neuron Can Modulate The Outputs Of Buccal-Cerebral Interneurons In Aplysia Via Presynaptic Inhibition, Hillel J. Chiel

Faculty Scholarship

We have identified 2 buccal-cerebral interneurons (BCIs), B17 and B18, that appear to be involved in the coordination of feeding behavior in Aplysia. The BCIs have their cell bodies in the buccal ganglion, but send axons to the cerebral ganglion via the cerebral-buccal connectives. The BCIs appear to make monosynaptic connections with neurons in the cerebral ganglion that modulate extrinsic muscles involved in feeding behavior. B17 and B18 are activated antiphasically during a motor program induced by stimulating the esophageal nerve and appear to 'read out' different phases of the buccal program to different cells in the cerebral ganglion. B17 …