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2006

Series

Articles 1 - 25 of 25

Full-Text Articles in Virology

Genomeblast: A Web Tool For Small Genome Comparison, Guoqing Lu, Liying Jiang, Resa M. K. Helikar, Thaine W. Rowley, Luwen Zhang, Xianfeng Chen, Etsuko N. Moriyama Dec 2006

Genomeblast: A Web Tool For Small Genome Comparison, Guoqing Lu, Liying Jiang, Resa M. K. Helikar, Thaine W. Rowley, Luwen Zhang, Xianfeng Chen, Etsuko N. Moriyama

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Background: Comparative genomics has become an essential approach for identifying homologous gene candidates and their functions, and for studying genome evolution. There are many tools available for genome comparisons. Unfortunately, most of them are not applicable for the identification of unique genes and the inference of phylogenetic relationships in a given set of genomes.

Results: GenomeBlast is a Web tool developed for comparative analysis of multiple small genomes. A new parameter called "coverage" was introduced and used along with sequence identity to evaluate global similarity between genes. With GenomeBlast, the following results can be obtained: (1) unique genes in each …

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Genomeblast: A Web Tool For Small Genome Comparison, Guoqing Lu, Liying Jiang, Resa M. K. Helikar, Thaine W. Rowley, Luwen Zhang, Xianfeng Chen, Etsuko N. Moriyama Dec 2006

Genomeblast: A Web Tool For Small Genome Comparison, Guoqing Lu, Liying Jiang, Resa M. K. Helikar, Thaine W. Rowley, Luwen Zhang, Xianfeng Chen, Etsuko N. Moriyama

Biology Faculty Publications

Background: Comparative genomics has become an essential approach for identifying homologous gene candidates and their functions, and for studying genome evolution. There are many tools available for genome comparisons. Unfortunately, most of them are not applicable for the identification of unique genes and the inference of phylogenetic relationships in a given set of genomes.

Results: GenomeBlast is a Web tool developed for comparative analysis of multiple small genomes. A new parameter called "coverage" was introduced and used along with sequence identity to evaluate global similarity between genes. With GenomeBlast, the following results can be obtained: (1) unique genes in each …

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Molecularly Cloned Shiv-1157ipd3n4: A Highly Replication- Competent, Mucosally Transmissible R5 Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Encoding Hiv Clade C Env, R. J. Song, A.-L. Chenine, R. A. Rasmussen, C. R. Ruprecht, S. Mirshahidi, D. R. Grisson, W. Xu, J. B. Whitney, L. M. Goins, H. Ong, P.-L. Li, E. Shai-Kobiler, T. Wang, C. M. Mccann, Hong Zhang, Charles Wood, C. Kankasa, W. E. Secor, H. M. Mcclure, E. Strobert, J. G. Else, R. M. Ruprecht Sep 2006

Molecularly Cloned Shiv-1157ipd3n4: A Highly Replication- Competent, Mucosally Transmissible R5 Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Encoding Hiv Clade C Env, R. J. Song, A.-L. Chenine, R. A. Rasmussen, C. R. Ruprecht, S. Mirshahidi, D. R. Grisson, W. Xu, J. B. Whitney, L. M. Goins, H. Ong, P.-L. Li, E. Shai-Kobiler, T. Wang, C. M. Mccann, Hong Zhang, Charles Wood, C. Kankasa, W. E. Secor, H. M. Mcclure, E. Strobert, J. G. Else, R. M. Ruprecht

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) clade C causes >50% of all HIV infections worldwide, and an estimated 90% of all transmissions occur mucosally with R5 strains. A pathogenic R5 simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) encoding HIV clade Cenv is highly desirable to evaluate candidate AIDS vaccines in nonhuman primates. To this end, we generated SHIV-1157i, a molecular clone from a Zambian infant isolate that carries HIV clade C env. SHIV-1157i was adapted by serial passage in five monkeys, three of which developed peripheral CD44 T-cell depletion. After the first inoculated monkey developed AIDS at week 137 postinoculation, …

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Genome Of Horsepox Virus, Gustavo A. Delhon, C. L. Afonso, Z. Lu, L. Zsak, N. T. Sandybaev, U. M. Kerembekova, V. L. Zaitsev, G. F. Kutish, D. L. Rock Sep 2006

Genome Of Horsepox Virus, Gustavo A. Delhon, C. L. Afonso, Z. Lu, L. Zsak, N. T. Sandybaev, U. M. Kerembekova, V. L. Zaitsev, G. F. Kutish, D. L. Rock

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Here we present the genomic sequence of horsepox virus (HSPV) isolate MNR-76, an orthopoxvirus (OPV) isolated in 1976 from diseased Mongolian horses. The 212-kbp genome contained 7.5-kbp inverted terminal repeats and lacked extensive terminal tandem repetition. HSPV contained 236 open reading frames (ORFs) with similarity to those in other OPVs, with those in the central 100-kbp region most conserved relative to other OPVs. Phylogenetic analysis of the conserved region indicated that HSPV is closely related to sequenced isolates of vaccinia virus (VACV) and rabbitpox virus, clearly grouping together these VACV-like viruses. Fifty-four HSPV ORFs likely represented fragments of 25 orthologous …

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Cd80 And Cd86 Control Antiviral Cd8+ T-Cell Function And Immune Surveillance Of Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68, Shinichiro Fuse, Joshua J. Obar, Sarah Bellfy, Erica K. Leung, Weijun Zhang, Edward J. Usherwood Sep 2006

Cd80 And Cd86 Control Antiviral Cd8+ T-Cell Function And Immune Surveillance Of Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68, Shinichiro Fuse, Joshua J. Obar, Sarah Bellfy, Erica K. Leung, Weijun Zhang, Edward J. Usherwood

Dartmouth Scholarship

The interactions between CD80 and CD86 on antigen-presenting cells and CD28 on T cells serve as an important costimulatory signal in the activation of T cells. Although the simplistic two-signal hypothesis has been challenged in recent years by the identification of different costimulators, this classical pathway has been shown to significantly impact antiviral humoral and cellular immune responses. How the CD80/CD86-CD28 pathway affects the control of chronic or latent infections has been less well characterized. In this study, we investigated its role in antiviral immune responses against murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) and immune surveillance using CD80/CD86−/− mice. In the …

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Gammaherpesvirus Persistence Alters Key Cd8 T-Cell Memory Characteristics And Enhances Antiviral Protection, Joshua J. Obar, Shinichiro Fuse, Erica K. Leung, Sarah C. Bellfy, Edward J. Usherwood Sep 2006

Gammaherpesvirus Persistence Alters Key Cd8 T-Cell Memory Characteristics And Enhances Antiviral Protection, Joshua J. Obar, Shinichiro Fuse, Erica K. Leung, Sarah C. Bellfy, Edward J. Usherwood

Dartmouth Scholarship

In herpesvirus infections, the virus persists for life but is contained through T-cell-mediated immune surveillance. How this immune surveillance operates is poorly understood. Recent studies of other persistent infections have indicated that virus persistence is associated with functional deficits in the CD8(+) T-cell response. To test whether this is the case in a herpesvirus infection, we used a mutant murine gammaherpesvirus that is defective in its ability to persist in the host. By comparing the immune response to this virus with a revertant virus that can persist, we were able to dissect the changes in the antiviral CD8(+) T-cell response …

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Genome Of Invertebrate Iridescent Virus Type 3 (Mosquito Iridescent Virus), Gustavo A. Delhon, Edan R. Tulman, Claudio L. Afonso, Zhiqiang Lu, James J. Becnel, Bettina A. Moser, Gerald F. Kutish, Daniel L. Rock Sep 2006

Genome Of Invertebrate Iridescent Virus Type 3 (Mosquito Iridescent Virus), Gustavo A. Delhon, Edan R. Tulman, Claudio L. Afonso, Zhiqiang Lu, James J. Becnel, Bettina A. Moser, Gerald F. Kutish, Daniel L. Rock

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Iridoviruses (IVs) are classified into five genera: Iridovirus and Chloriridovirus, whose members infect invertebrates, and Ranavirus, Lymphocystivirus, and Megalocytivirus, whose members infect vertebrates. Until now, Chloriridovirus was the only IV genus for which a representative and complete genomic sequence was not available. Here, we report the genome sequence and comparative analysis of a field isolate of Invertebrate iridescent virus type 3 (IIV-3), also known as mosquito iridescent virus, currently the sole member of the genus Chloriridovirus. Approximately 20% of the 190-kbp IIV-3 genome was repetitive DNA, with DNA repeats localized in 15 apparently noncoding regions. Of …

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Virion-Associated Restriction Endonucleases Of Chloroviruses, Irina V. Agarkova, David Dunigan, James L. Van Etten Aug 2006

Virion-Associated Restriction Endonucleases Of Chloroviruses, Irina V. Agarkova, David Dunigan, James L. Van Etten

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Chloroviruses are large, double-stranded-DNA, plaque-forming viruses that infect certain eukaryotic chlorella- like green algae. The prototype of the genus is Paramecium bursaria chlorella virus 1 (PBCV-1). Chlorovirus genomes contain various amounts of methylated nucleotides due to virus-encoded DNA methyltransferases (MTases); about 25% of the MTases are associated with companion DNA site-specific (restriction) endonucleases (REases). These enzymes constitute virally encoded restriction-modification (R/M) systems. Although several of the chlorovirus R/M systems are characterized, their biological functions are unknown. The PBCV-1 proteome reveals that two virus-encoded REases, but not their companion MTases, are virion associated, suggesting that viral REases might help degrade the …

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Consistent Effects Of Tsg101 Genetic Variability On Multiple Outcomes Of Exposure To Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1, Arman A. Bashirova, Gabriela Bleiber, Ying Qi, Holli Hutcheson, Traci Yamashita, Randall C. Johnson, Jie Cheng, Galit Alter, James J. Goedert, Susan Buchbinder, Keith Hoots, David Vlahov, Margaret May, Frank Maldarelli, Lisa Jacobson, Stephen J. O'Brien, Amalio Telenti, Mary Carrington Jul 2006

Consistent Effects Of Tsg101 Genetic Variability On Multiple Outcomes Of Exposure To Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1, Arman A. Bashirova, Gabriela Bleiber, Ying Qi, Holli Hutcheson, Traci Yamashita, Randall C. Johnson, Jie Cheng, Galit Alter, James J. Goedert, Susan Buchbinder, Keith Hoots, David Vlahov, Margaret May, Frank Maldarelli, Lisa Jacobson, Stephen J. O'Brien, Amalio Telenti, Mary Carrington

Biology Faculty Articles

Tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) encodes a host cellular protein that is appropriated by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in the budding process of viral particles from infected cells. Variation in the coding or noncoding regions of the gene could potentially affect the degree of TSG101-mediated release of viral particles. While the coding regions of the gene were found to lack nonsynonymous variants, two polymorphic sites in the TSG101 5' area were identified that were associated with the rate of AIDS progression among Caucasians. These single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), located at positions -183 and +181 relative to the …

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Cross-Subtype T-Cell Immune Responses Induced By A Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Group M Consensus Env Immunogen†0--, Eric A. Weaver, Zhongjing Lu, Zenaido T. Camacho, Fatiha Moukdar, Hua-Xin Liao, Ben-Jiang Ma, Mark Muldoon, James Theiler, Gary J. Nabel, Norman L. Letvin, Bette T. Korber, Beatrice H. Hahn, Barton F. Haynes, Feng Gao Jul 2006

Cross-Subtype T-Cell Immune Responses Induced By A Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Group M Consensus Env Immunogen†0--, Eric A. Weaver, Zhongjing Lu, Zenaido T. Camacho, Fatiha Moukdar, Hua-Xin Liao, Ben-Jiang Ma, Mark Muldoon, James Theiler, Gary J. Nabel, Norman L. Letvin, Bette T. Korber, Beatrice H. Hahn, Barton F. Haynes, Feng Gao

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The genetic diversity among globally circulating human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains is a serious challenge for HIV-1 vaccine design. We have generated a synthetic groupMconsensus env gene (CON6) for induction of cross-subtype immune responses and report here a comparative study of T-cell responses to this and natural strain env immunogens in a murine model. Three different strains of mice were immunized with CON6 as well as subtype A, B, or C env immunogens, using a DNA prime-recombinant vaccinia virus boost strategy. T-cell epitopes were mapped by gamma interferon enzyme-linked immunospot analysis using five overlapping Env peptide sets from …

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Marine And Freshwater Cyanophages In A Laurentian Great Lake: Evidence From Infectivity Assays And Molecular Analyses Of G20 Genes, Steven W. Wilhelm, Matthew J. Carberry, Melanie L. Eldridge, Leo Poorvin, Matthew A. Saxton, Martina A. Doblin Jul 2006

Marine And Freshwater Cyanophages In A Laurentian Great Lake: Evidence From Infectivity Assays And Molecular Analyses Of G20 Genes, Steven W. Wilhelm, Matthew J. Carberry, Melanie L. Eldridge, Leo Poorvin, Matthew A. Saxton, Martina A. Doblin

OES Faculty Publications

While it is well established that viruses play an important role in the structure of marine microbial food webs, few studies have directly addressed their role in large lake systems. As part of an ongoing study of the microbial ecology of Lake Erie, we have examined the distribution and diversity of viruses in this system. One surprising result has been the pervasive distribution of cyanophages that infect the marine cyanobacterial isolate Synechococcus sp. strain WH7803. Viruses that lytically infect this cyanobacterium were identified throughout the western basin of Lake Erie, as well as in locations within the central and eastern …

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The Role Of Cd4 T Cells In The Pathogenesis Of Murine Aids, Wen Li, William R. Green Jun 2006

The Role Of Cd4 T Cells In The Pathogenesis Of Murine Aids, Wen Li, William R. Green

Dartmouth Scholarship

LP-BM5, a retroviral isolate, induces a disease featuring retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency, designated murine AIDS (MAIDS). Many of the features of the LP-BM5-induced syndrome are shared with human immunodeficiency virus-induced disease. For example, CD4 T cells are critical to the development of MAIDS. In vivo depletion of CD4 T cells before LP-BM5 infection rendered genetically susceptible B6 mice MAIDS resistant. Similarly, MAIDS did not develop in B6.nude mice. However, if reconstituted with CD4 T cells, B6.nude mice develop full-blown MAIDS. Our laboratory has shown that the interaction of B and CD4 T cells that is central to MAIDS pathogenesis requires ligation of …

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Genome Of Crocodilepox Virus, C. L. Afonso, E. R. Tulman, Gustavo A. Delhon, Z. Lu, G. J. Viljoen, D. B. Wallace, G. F. Kutish, D. L. Rock May 2006

Genome Of Crocodilepox Virus, C. L. Afonso, E. R. Tulman, Gustavo A. Delhon, Z. Lu, G. J. Viljoen, D. B. Wallace, G. F. Kutish, D. L. Rock

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Here, we present the genome sequence, with analysis, of a poxvirus infecting Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) (crocodilepox virus; CRV). The genome is 190,054 bp (62% G+C) and predicted to contain 173 genes encoding proteins of 53 to 1,941 amino acids. The central genomic region contains genes conserved and generally colinear with those of other chordopoxviruses (ChPVs). CRV is distinct, as the terminal 33-kbp (left) and 13-kbp (right) genomic regions are largely CRV specific, containing 48 unique genes which lack similarity to other poxvirus genes. Notably, CRV also contains 14 unique genes which disrupt ChPV gene colinearity within the …

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Analysis Of Hiv-2 Vpx By Modeling And Insertional Mutagenesis, Lisa A. Mahnke, Michael Belshan, Lee Ratner Apr 2006

Analysis Of Hiv-2 Vpx By Modeling And Insertional Mutagenesis, Lisa A. Mahnke, Michael Belshan, Lee Ratner

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Vpx facilitates HIV-2 nuclear localization by a poorly understood mechanism. We have compared Vpx to an NMR structure HIV- 1 Vpr in a central helical domain and probed regions of Vpx by insertional mutagenesis. A predicted loop between helices two and three appears to be unique, overlapping with a known novel nuclear localization signal. Overall, Vpx was found to be surprisingly flexible, tolerating a series of large insertions. We found that insertion within the polyproline-containing C-terminus destabilizes nuclear localization, whereas mutating a second helix in the central domain disrupts viral packaging. Other insertional mutants in the predicted loop and in …

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Influence Of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus F Glycoprotein N-Linked Glycans On In Vitro Expression And On Antibody Responses In Balb/C Mice, Holly A. Klink, Ryan Brady, Christina L. Topliff, Kent M. Eskridge, Subramaniam Srikumaran, Clayton L. Kelling Apr 2006

Influence Of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus F Glycoprotein N-Linked Glycans On In Vitro Expression And On Antibody Responses In Balb/C Mice, Holly A. Klink, Ryan Brady, Christina L. Topliff, Kent M. Eskridge, Subramaniam Srikumaran, Clayton L. Kelling

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is an etiological component of the bovine respiratory tract disease complex. Infection with BRSV following vaccination, or re-infection following natural infection is common since protection is incomplete. The objectives of this study were to create plasmid DNA constructs encoding single or multiple N-glycosylation-site deletion BRSV fusion (F) proteins, and evaluate their expression in cell culture, and potential to induce anti-BRSV F antibody responses in BALB/ c mice. Four plasmid DNAs were constructed, each encoding 1-4 N-glycosylation-site deletions: Gly4, Gly2/4, Gly1/2/4 and Gly1/2/3/4. Each of the N-glycosylation-site deletion BRSV F proteins were expressed …

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The Latent Membrane Protein 1 Of Epstein-Barr Virus (Ebv) Primes Ebv Latency Cells For Type I Interferon Production, Dongsheng Xu, Kristen Brumm, Luwen Zhang Apr 2006

The Latent Membrane Protein 1 Of Epstein-Barr Virus (Ebv) Primes Ebv Latency Cells For Type I Interferon Production, Dongsheng Xu, Kristen Brumm, Luwen Zhang

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latency has been associated with a variety of human cancers. Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) is one of the key viral proteins required for transformation of primary B cells in vitro and establishment of EBV latency. We have previously shown that LMP-1 induces the expression of several interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes and has antiviral effect (Zhang, J., Das, S. C., Kotalik, C., Pattnaik, A. K., and Zhang, L. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279, 46335–46342). In this report, a novel mechanism related to the antiviral effect of LMP-1 is identified. We show that EBV type III latency cells, in …

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Characterization Of Functional Domains Of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Rev Suggests A Bipartite Rna-Binding Domain, Jae-Hyung Lee, Sean C. Murphy, Michael Belshan, Wendy O. Sparks, Yvonne Wannemuehler, Sijun Liu, Thomas J. Hope, Drena Dobbs, Susan Carpenter Apr 2006

Characterization Of Functional Domains Of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Rev Suggests A Bipartite Rna-Binding Domain, Jae-Hyung Lee, Sean C. Murphy, Michael Belshan, Wendy O. Sparks, Yvonne Wannemuehler, Sijun Liu, Thomas J. Hope, Drena Dobbs, Susan Carpenter

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) Rev is an essential regulatory protein that facilitates expression of viral mRNAs encoding structural proteins and genomic RNA and regulates alternative splicing of the bicistronic tat/rev mRNA. EIAV Rev is characterized by a high rate of genetic variation in vivo, and changes in Rev genotype and phenotype have been shown to coincide with changes in clinical disease. To better understand how genetic variation alters Rev phenotype, we undertook deletion and mutational analyses to map functional domains and to identify specific motifs that are essential for EIAV Rev activity. All functional domains are contained within the …

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Influence Of N-Linked Glycosylation Of Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus Gp5 On Virus Infectivity, Antigenicity, And Ability To Induce Neutralizing Antibodies, Israrul H. Ansari, Byungjoon Kwon, Fernando A. Osorio, Asit K. Pattnaik Apr 2006

Influence Of N-Linked Glycosylation Of Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus Gp5 On Virus Infectivity, Antigenicity, And Ability To Induce Neutralizing Antibodies, Israrul H. Ansari, Byungjoon Kwon, Fernando A. Osorio, Asit K. Pattnaik

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) glycoprotein 5 (GP5) is the most abundant envelope glycoprotein and a major inducer of neutralizing antibodies in vivo. Three putative N-linked glycosylation sites (N34, N44, and N51) are located on the GP5 ectodomain, where a major neutralization epitope also exists. To determine which of these putative sites are used for glycosylation and the role of the glycan moieties in the neutralizing antibody response, we generated a panel of GP5 mutants containing amino acid substitutions at these sites. Biochemical studies with expressed wild-type (wt) and mutant proteins revealed that the mature GP5 contains high-mannose-type …

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Conserved Amino Acids Of The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 Vpx Nuclear Localization Signal Are Critical For Nuclear Targeting Of The Viral Preintegration Complex In Non-Dividing Cells, Michael Belshan, Lisa A. Mahnke, Lee Ratner Mar 2006

Conserved Amino Acids Of The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 Vpx Nuclear Localization Signal Are Critical For Nuclear Targeting Of The Viral Preintegration Complex In Non-Dividing Cells, Michael Belshan, Lisa A. Mahnke, Lee Ratner

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The HIV-2 viral accessory protein Vpx is related to, but distinct from the Vpr protein of HIV-1. Vpx is packaged into virions and as a component of the viral preintegration complex (PIC) is required for efficient virus replication in non-dividing cells. We have previously reported that the minimal transferable region of Vpx that contained karyophilic properties was aa 65 to 72. Analysis of Vpx sequences from various HIV-2/SIV strains reveals that this region contains highly conserved amino acids, including two basic residues (K68, R70) and three tyrosines (Y66, Y69, Y71). Here, we demonstrate that mutation of the basic or tyrosine …

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Uneven Distribution Of Mhc Class Ii Epitopes Within The Influenza Virus, Sherry R. Crowe, Shannon C. Miller, Pamela S. Adams, Richard Dutton, Allen G. Harmsen, Frances E. Lund, Troy D. Randall, Deborah M. Brown, Susan Swain, David L. Woodland Jan 2006

Uneven Distribution Of Mhc Class Ii Epitopes Within The Influenza Virus, Sherry R. Crowe, Shannon C. Miller, Pamela S. Adams, Richard Dutton, Allen G. Harmsen, Frances E. Lund, Troy D. Randall, Deborah M. Brown, Susan Swain, David L. Woodland

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The identification of T cell epitopes is crucial for the understanding of the host immune response during infection. While much is known about the MHC class I-restricted response following influenza virus infection of C57BL/6 mice, with over 16 CD8 epitopes identified to date, less is known about the MHC class II-restricted response. Currently, only a few I-Ab-restricted T helper epitopes have been identified. Therefore, several important questions remain about how many class II epitopes exist in this system and whether these epitopes are evenly distributed within the most abundant viral proteins. In order to address these questions, we …

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A Group M Consensus Envelope Glycoprotein Induces Antibodies That Neutralize Subsets Of Subtype B And C Hiv-1 Primary Viruses, Hua-Xin Lin, Laura L. Sutherland, Shi-Mao Xia, Mary E. Brock, Richard M. Scearce, Stacie Vanleeuwen, S. Munir Alam, Mildred Mcadams, Eric A. Weaver, Zenaido T. Camacho, Ben-Jiang Ma, Yingying Li, Julie M. Decker, Gary J. Nabel, David C. Montefiori, Beatrice H. Hahn, Bette T. Korber, Feng Gao, Barton F. Haynes Jan 2006

A Group M Consensus Envelope Glycoprotein Induces Antibodies That Neutralize Subsets Of Subtype B And C Hiv-1 Primary Viruses, Hua-Xin Lin, Laura L. Sutherland, Shi-Mao Xia, Mary E. Brock, Richard M. Scearce, Stacie Vanleeuwen, S. Munir Alam, Mildred Mcadams, Eric A. Weaver, Zenaido T. Camacho, Ben-Jiang Ma, Yingying Li, Julie M. Decker, Gary J. Nabel, David C. Montefiori, Beatrice H. Hahn, Bette T. Korber, Feng Gao, Barton F. Haynes

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

HIV-1 subtype C is the most common HIV-1 group M subtype in Africa and many parts of Asia. However, to date HIV-1 vaccine candidate immunogens have not induced potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies against subtype C primary isolates. We have used a centralized gene strategy to address HIV-1 diversity, and generated a group M consensus envelope gene with shortened consensus variable loops (CON-S) for comparative studies with wildtype (WT) Env immunogens. Our results indicate that the consensus HIV-1 group M CON-S Env elicited cross-subtype neutralizing antibodies of similar or greater breadth and titer than the WT Envs tested, indicating the …

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Factors Associated With Hiv Prevalence In A Pre-Partum Cohort Of Zambian Women, Janet S. St. Lawrence, W. Klaskala, C. Kankasa, J. T. West, Charles D. Mitchell, Charles Wood Jan 2006

Factors Associated With Hiv Prevalence In A Pre-Partum Cohort Of Zambian Women, Janet S. St. Lawrence, W. Klaskala, C. Kankasa, J. T. West, Charles D. Mitchell, Charles Wood

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

An ongoing study of mother-to-child human transmission in Zambian women (n = 3,160) allowed us to examine the association of medical injections with HIV serostatus while simultaneously accounting for other factors known to be correlated with HIV prevalence. Multi-method data collection included structured interviews, medical record abstraction, clinical examinations, and biological measures. Medically administered intramuscular or intravenous injections in the past five years (but not blood transfusions) were overwhelmmgly correlated with HIV prevalence, exceeding the contribution of sexual behaviors in a multivariable logistic regression. Statistically significant associations with HIV also were found for some demographic variables, sexual behaviors, alcohol …

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Design Clues From Functional Constraints And Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies, Tongqing Zhou, Ling Xu, Barna Dey, Ann J. Hessell, Shahzad Majeed, Donald Van Ryk, Shi-Hua Xiang, Xinzhen Yang, Mei-Yun Zhang, Michael B. Zwick, James Arthos, Dennis R. Burton, Dimiter S. Dimitrov, Joseph Sodroski, Richard Wyatt, Gary J. Nabel, Peter D. Kwong Jan 2006

Design Clues From Functional Constraints And Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies, Tongqing Zhou, Ling Xu, Barna Dey, Ann J. Hessell, Shahzad Majeed, Donald Van Ryk, Shi-Hua Xiang, Xinzhen Yang, Mei-Yun Zhang, Michael B. Zwick, James Arthos, Dennis R. Burton, Dimiter S. Dimitrov, Joseph Sodroski, Richard Wyatt, Gary J. Nabel, Peter D. Kwong

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Cross-Subtype T-Cell Immune Responses Induced By A Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Group M Consensus Env Immunogen, Eric A. Weaver, Zenaido T. Camacho, Fatiha Moukdar, Hua-Xin Liao, Ben-Jiang Ma, Mark Muldoon, James Theiler, Gary J. Nabel, Norman L. Letvin, Bette T. Korber, Beatrice H. Hahn, Barton F. Haynes, Feng Gao, Zhongjing Lu Jan 2006

Cross-Subtype T-Cell Immune Responses Induced By A Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Group M Consensus Env Immunogen, Eric A. Weaver, Zenaido T. Camacho, Fatiha Moukdar, Hua-Xin Liao, Ben-Jiang Ma, Mark Muldoon, James Theiler, Gary J. Nabel, Norman L. Letvin, Bette T. Korber, Beatrice H. Hahn, Barton F. Haynes, Feng Gao, Zhongjing Lu

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The genetic diversity among globally circulating human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains is a serious challenge for HIV-1 vaccine design. We have generated a synthetic group M consensus env gene (CON6) for induction of cross-subtype immune responses and report here a comparative study of T-cell responses to this and natural strain env immunogens in a murine model. Three different strains of mice were immunized with CON6 as well as subtype A, B, or C env immunogens, using a DNA prime-recombinant vaccinia virus boost strategy. T-cell epitopes were mapped by gamma interferon enzyme-linked immunospot analysis using five overlapping Env peptide …

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Characterization Of Hiv-1 Subtype C Envelope Glycoproteins From Perinatally Infected Children With Different Courses Of Disease, Hong Zhang, Federico Hoffmann, Jun He, Xiang He, Chipepo Kankasa, John T. West, Charles D. Mitchell, Ruth M. Ruprecht, Guillermo Orti, Charles Wood Jan 2006

Characterization Of Hiv-1 Subtype C Envelope Glycoproteins From Perinatally Infected Children With Different Courses Of Disease, Hong Zhang, Federico Hoffmann, Jun He, Xiang He, Chipepo Kankasa, John T. West, Charles D. Mitchell, Ruth M. Ruprecht, Guillermo Orti, Charles Wood

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Background: The causal mechanisms of differential disease progression in HIV-1 infected children remain poorly defined, and much of the accumulated knowledge comes from studies of subtype B infected individuals. The applicability of such findings to other subtypes, such as subtype C, remains to be substantiated. In this study, we longitudinally characterized the evolution of the Env V1–V5 region from seven subtype C HIV-1 perinatally infected children with different clinical outcomes. We investigated the possible influence of viral genotype and humoral immune response on disease progression in infants.

Results: Genetic analyses revealed that rapid progressors (infants that died in the first …

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