Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Biology (5)
- Cell Biology (2)
- Cell and Developmental Biology (2)
- Animal Experimentation and Research (1)
- Animal Sciences (1)
-
- Aquaculture and Fisheries (1)
- Bacteriology (1)
- Biodiversity (1)
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology (1)
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (1)
- Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology (1)
- Evolution (1)
- Immunology and Infectious Disease (1)
- Laboratory and Basic Science Research (1)
- Marine Biology (1)
- Medical Specialties (1)
- Medicine and Health Sciences (1)
- Molecular, Genetic, and Biochemical Nutrition (1)
- Nutrition (1)
- Oncology (1)
- Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (1)
- Other Microbiology (1)
- Physiology (1)
- Research Methods in Life Sciences (1)
- Institution
- Keyword
-
- SARS-CoV-2 (2)
- Antiviral;Coxsackievirus B3;CVB3;Persistence;Ro 5-3335 (1)
- Aquaculture (1)
- Archaea (1)
- Bacterial community (1)
-
- Biofilm matrix (1)
- Biofilms (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- CSE1L (1)
- Colorectal (1)
- Compound X (1)
- Coronavirus (1)
- Coxsackievirus B3;CVB3;Hypusination;Polyamines (1)
- Disease ecology (1)
- Extremophile (1)
- Favipiravir (1)
- Glycolysis (1)
- HIF1-alpha (1)
- Host-associated microbiome (1)
- Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type-1 (1)
- Immune pathways (1)
- Implant infections (1)
- Infectivity (1)
- Integrase (1)
- K18hACE2 transgenic mice (1)
- Luciferase Activity (1)
- LxxIxE motif (1)
- Metabolism (1)
- Microbial ecology (1)
- Microbiome (1)
Articles 1 - 13 of 13
Full-Text Articles in Virology
Establishment Of A Novel Prairie Vole (Microtus Ochrogaster) Sars-Cov-2 Infection And Transmission Model, Stephanie Rebecca Kehl
Establishment Of A Novel Prairie Vole (Microtus Ochrogaster) Sars-Cov-2 Infection And Transmission Model, Stephanie Rebecca Kehl
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Considering that the number of SARS-CoV-2 cases and deaths continues to increase three years after the onset of the pandemic, the need for animal models to study disease pathology and test antiviral effectiveness remains paramount. Prairie voles offer unique advantages as an infection model, such as mirroring human social behavior, including pair bonding and biparental offspring rearing, having inducible estrus and ovulation cycles, and not being overly domesticated. Based on the sequence homology of the vole ACE2 receptor to that of other species that are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, such as the ferret and hamster, we hypothesized that the vole ACE2 …
Novel Antivirals Unveiled Against Acute And Persistent Coxsackievirus B3 Infection Via Rapid Screening, Maria Del Mar Villanueva Guzman
Novel Antivirals Unveiled Against Acute And Persistent Coxsackievirus B3 Infection Via Rapid Screening, Maria Del Mar Villanueva Guzman
Master's Theses
Enteroviruses cause 10 to 15 million infections annually in the United States, and Coxsackievirus B3 is one of the most commonly reported. Coxsackieviruses may become persistent, characterized as a viral infection that is not cleared from host cells and that generates a continuous infection. Patients who develop persistent CVB3 infection may not respond to the same antivirals as an acute infection, which may be detrimental. Therefore, there is a need for broad-range antiviral drugs to combat acute and persistent CVB3 infection, as there is no well-accepted treatment available. We developed a model system to study persistent CVB3 using a pancreatic …
Hell's Tails: Localizing The Tail Proteins Of The Hyperthermophile-Infecting Virus Ssv1, Jane Arterberry
Hell's Tails: Localizing The Tail Proteins Of The Hyperthermophile-Infecting Virus Ssv1, Jane Arterberry
University Honors Theses
The tail of Saccharolobus spindle-shaped virus 1 (SSV1) has long been thought to be composed solely of viral protein 4 (VP4), but recent SSV1 structural studies have implicated the presence of additional structural proteins C166 and B78 in SSV1's unique tail. The exact locations of these proteins have not been confirmed. Structural proteins VP4 (C-terminus) and B78 are hypothesized to contribute to an adapter region bridging the viral capsid to the tail, whereas C166 is thought to comprise the majority of an internal extended structure, respectively. SSV1 structural proteins lack cysteine residues providing targets to determine their locations in the …
Role Of Integrase-Pp2a Interaction In Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type-1 Replication And Pathogenesis, Shayna Turbin
Role Of Integrase-Pp2a Interaction In Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type-1 Replication And Pathogenesis, Shayna Turbin
Senior Honors Papers / Undergraduate Theses
Human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) is an oncogenic retrovirus that causes multiple disorders, including adult T-cell leukemia and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. HTLV-1 retroviral integrase binds to the regulatory B’56γ subunit of the host cell Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Integrase contains a highly conserved LxxIxE motif that is essential for binding, which increases integration efficiency and facilitates HTLV-1 hijack of host cell machinery. We aim to understand how mutations introduced in the highly conserved binding site can affect viral particle production and infectivity. We transfected 729B human lymphoblastoid cells and 293T cells with mutant and wildtype virus. Mutations L213A, …
Investigating The Characteristics Of Bacteria Isolated From The Sea Scallop (Placopecten Magellanicus) Larvae And Tanks, Ayodeji Olaniyi
Investigating The Characteristics Of Bacteria Isolated From The Sea Scallop (Placopecten Magellanicus) Larvae And Tanks, Ayodeji Olaniyi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Placopecten magellanicus, also known as the Atlantic deep-sea scallop, is a valuable marine species on North America's northeastern coast. Although adult scallops can be successfully bred in hatcheries, a perplexing and destructive event takes place during the last two weeks of larval development: a sudden and severe mortality event that causes a drastic decline in populations, with some reports suggesting that survival from egg to competent larva can sometimes be reduced to as low as 1-10% during a span of 48 hours. The precise reasons for larval mortality in sea scallops remain unclear. Prior studies have investigated infections in …
The Role Of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 Alpha (Hif-1⍺) In Human Coronavirus Oc43 Infection, Olivia Faith Riffey
The Role Of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 Alpha (Hif-1⍺) In Human Coronavirus Oc43 Infection, Olivia Faith Riffey
Masters Theses
The importance of altering host cell metabolism for promoting infection and propagation of coronaviruses highlights the intricate play between viruses and the cells they infect (1). Upregulation of the glycolytic pathway in host cells infected with coronaviruses was observed in single-cell RNAseq, although the mechanism(s) that mediate this effect are still being investigated(2). Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1⍺) is a transcription factor that regulates many glycolytic enzymes. Recent studies have identified SARS-CoV-2 upregulation of HIF-1⍺, which suggests it may have an important role in virus production (3, 4). However, the exact role and physiological relevance of HIF-1⍺ during viral infection is …
Enhancement Of Favipiravir With Compound X In A Hamster Model Of Yellow Fever Virus Infection, Hunter Stanger
Enhancement Of Favipiravir With Compound X In A Hamster Model Of Yellow Fever Virus Infection, Hunter Stanger
Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects
Yellow fever virus (YFV) has long been a worldwide health concern, and recent outbreaks in South America and Africa have resulted in significant mortality. There is currently an effective vaccine to prevent infection, but there are no currently developed antiviral drugs to treat patients that have already contracted the disease. Because of this, an effective antiviral is needed to combat unanticipated cases or emergence in areas that have previously been unaffected by this virus. A drug called favipiravir has shown promising results previously. This compound acts as a nucleoside analog to halt the replication of the virus and stop infection. …
Elucidating The Underlying Mechanisms Polyamines Play On Coxsackievirus B3 Infection, Mason Richard Firpo
Elucidating The Underlying Mechanisms Polyamines Play On Coxsackievirus B3 Infection, Mason Richard Firpo
Dissertations
Polyamines are a class of metabolites consisting of small carbon chains that contain amine groups and are positively charged at cellular pH. They play many important roles within the cell and are necessary for cell growth, membrane function, transcription, and translation. They are also required by a myriad of viruses for a productive infection. This includes the non-polio enterovirus Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3). CVB3 is a cardiotropic virus that can readily infect the heart and cause irreversible damage which can eventually lead to dilated cardiomyopathy and the need for a heart transplant. Unfortunately, there are no approved antivirals or vaccines that …
Characterization Of Sars-Cov-2 Variants Of Concern At Multiple Scales, Hannah Wade Despres
Characterization Of Sars-Cov-2 Variants Of Concern At Multiple Scales, Hannah Wade Despres
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
Severe acute respiratory syndrome related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the pathogen responsible the pandemic beginning in 2019 that has infected 776 million people to date. This virus caused millions of deaths globally in addition to substantial socioeconomic burden and is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). Throughout the course of the pandemic, rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has allowed for the emergence of novel variants with varying virological properties. These characteristics have included increased host immune evasion, higher viral loads, and better transmission between individuals. Utilizing the characteristics of naturally emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, we investigated different aspects which influence …
Social Interactions And Spatial Structure Drive Community Assembly Of Bacterial Biofilm, Matthew C. Bond
Social Interactions And Spatial Structure Drive Community Assembly Of Bacterial Biofilm, Matthew C. Bond
Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations
Despite the critical nature which microbial communities play in the natural world and human civilization, the breadth of understanding remains shallow. Challenged by scale, high variability between environments, and extensive diversity, microbial ecologists strive to understand connections between a community’s structure and function, as well as the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms underlying observed natural patterning of communities. Biofilms are the predominate mode of growth for microbial communities—characterized by cellular attachment to a surface via a self-produced matrix and heterogeneous structure, often resulting in a primary growth front along the biofilm surface due to differential access to bulk nutrients (cite). This …
Virulence And Transmission Of An Emergent Salmonid Virus After A Host Jump, Malina Loeher
Virulence And Transmission Of An Emergent Salmonid Virus After A Host Jump, Malina Loeher
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
In recent years, significant progress has been made toward understanding the complex interplay of viral traits that comprise overall viral fitness. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, special attention has been paid to phenotypes correlated to viral genetics. Emergence of new pathogens and their genetic strains is frequently marked by changes in virulence, or morbidity and mortality inflicted upon the host organism. Virulence is theorized to be a possible fitness benefit to the pathogen if it positively correlates with transmission via pathogen shedding, but the consistency and strength of this relationship are unknown. Gaining a holistic understanding of fitness …
Role Of Interferon Induced Transmembrane Protein 3 (Ifitm3) And Neural Precursor Cell Expressed Developmentally Down Regulated Protein 4 (Nedd4) In Seneca Virus A (Sva) Replication, Shamiq Aftab
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In this study, we studied the role of IFITM3 in SVA replication in vitro by silencing the endogenous IFITM3 in NCI-H1299 cells. An average of 1.94-fold increase in SVA VP2 expression and an average of 4.4-fold increase in supernatant virus titer was observed after 24h SVA isolate SD15-26 infection. We have indeed observed an increase in viral mRNA copies by an average of 5-fold in IFITM3 silenced NCI-H1299 cells at 8 hpi indicating that IFITM3 restricts SVA replication post virus attachment and entry. A positive correlation between interferon-alpha induced IFITM3 upregulation and reduced SVA replication was observed. To further confirm …
Understanding Cellular Dynamics: Investigating A Yeast-Two Hybrid Protein-Protein Interaction, Riok3:Cse1l; Also By Investigating Trogocytosis Of Cd4+ T Cells From Rhog-/- Mice, Brittnee N. Crane
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a negative-sense virus that was first described in 1930 when it was isolated from sheep during an outbreak. In the last 25 years there has been a spread in the geographical range into the Middle East. The most susceptible animals are cattle, goats, sheep, and camels. The most overt symptom of livestock infection is that infected pregnant animals experience spontaneous abortion. Humans are susceptible as well and symptoms range from mild febrile illness to liver necrosis, blindness, hemorrhagic fever, and death. An important player in the cellular innate response to RVFV infections is the …