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Full-Text Articles in Virology
Cd80 And Cd86 Control Antiviral Cd8+ T-Cell Function And Immune Surveillance Of Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68, Shinichiro Fuse, Joshua J. Obar, Sarah Bellfy, Erica K. Leung, Weijun Zhang, Edward J. Usherwood
Cd80 And Cd86 Control Antiviral Cd8+ T-Cell Function And Immune Surveillance Of Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68, Shinichiro Fuse, Joshua J. Obar, Sarah Bellfy, Erica K. Leung, Weijun Zhang, Edward J. Usherwood
Dartmouth Scholarship
The interactions between CD80 and CD86 on antigen-presenting cells and CD28 on T cells serve as an important costimulatory signal in the activation of T cells. Although the simplistic two-signal hypothesis has been challenged in recent years by the identification of different costimulators, this classical pathway has been shown to significantly impact antiviral humoral and cellular immune responses. How the CD80/CD86-CD28 pathway affects the control of chronic or latent infections has been less well characterized. In this study, we investigated its role in antiviral immune responses against murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) and immune surveillance using CD80/CD86−/− mice. In the …
The Cd154/Cd40 Interaction Required For Retrovirus-Induced Murine Immunodeficiency Syndrome Is Not Mediated By Upregulation Of The Cd80/Cd86 Costimulatory Molecules, Kathy A. Green, W. James Cook, Arlene H. Sharpe, William R. Green
The Cd154/Cd40 Interaction Required For Retrovirus-Induced Murine Immunodeficiency Syndrome Is Not Mediated By Upregulation Of The Cd80/Cd86 Costimulatory Molecules, Kathy A. Green, W. James Cook, Arlene H. Sharpe, William R. Green
Dartmouth Scholarship
C57BL/6 (B6) mice infected with LP-BM5 retroviruses develop disease, including an immunodeficiency similar to AIDS. This disease, murine AIDS (MAIDS), is inhibited by in vivo anti-CD154 monoclonal antibody treatment. The similar levels of insusceptibility of CD40−/− and CD154−/− B6 mice indicate that CD154/CD40 molecular interactions are required for MAIDS. CD4+ T and B cells, respectively, provide the CD154 and CD40 expression needed for MAIDS induction. Here, the required CD154/CD40 interaction is shown to be independent of CD80 and CD86 expression: CD80/CD86−/− B6 mice develop MAIDS after LP-BM5 infection.
Cytolytic T Lymphocytes Specific For Tumors And Infected Cells From Mice With A Retrovirus-Induced Immunodeficiency Syndrome., Jennifer G. Erbe, Kathy A. Green, Karen M. Crassi, Herbert C. Morse, W R. Green
Cytolytic T Lymphocytes Specific For Tumors And Infected Cells From Mice With A Retrovirus-Induced Immunodeficiency Syndrome., Jennifer G. Erbe, Kathy A. Green, Karen M. Crassi, Herbert C. Morse, W R. Green
Dartmouth Scholarship
LP-BM5 retrovirus complex-infected C57BL/6 mice develop immunodeficiency, somewhat analogous to AIDS, termed murine AIDS (MAIDS). After secondary stimulation with syngeneic B-cell lymphomas from LP-BM5-infected mice, C57BL/6 mice produced vigorous CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for MAIDS-associated tumors. An anti-LP-BM5 specificity was suggested because spleen and lymph node cells from LP-BM5-infected mice served as target cells in competition assays, and cells from LP-BM5, but not ecotropic, virus-infected mice functioned as secondary in vitro stimulators to generate cytotoxic T lymphocytes to MAIDS tumors.
Transformation Of A Continuous Rat Embryo Fibroblast Cell Line Requires Three Separate Domains Of Simian Virus 40 Large T Antigen., Jiyue Zhu, Philip W. Rice, Lisa Gorsch, Marina Abate, Charles N. Cole
Transformation Of A Continuous Rat Embryo Fibroblast Cell Line Requires Three Separate Domains Of Simian Virus 40 Large T Antigen., Jiyue Zhu, Philip W. Rice, Lisa Gorsch, Marina Abate, Charles N. Cole
Dartmouth Scholarship
Mouse C3H 10T1/2 cells and the established rat embryo fibroblast cell line REF-52 are two cell lines widely used in studies of viral transformation. Studies have shown that transformation of 10T1/2 cells requires only the amino-terminal 121 amino acids of simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen, while transformation of REF-52 cells requires considerably more of large T antigen, extending from near the N terminus to beyond residue 600. The ability of a large set of linker insertion, small deletion, and point mutants of SV40 T antigen to transform these two cell lines and to bind p105Rb was determined. Transformation …
The Growth Of Simian Virus 40 (Sv40) Host Range/Adenovirus Helper Function Mutants In An African Green Monkey Cell Line That Constitutively Expresses The Sv40 Agnoprotein., Terryl P. Stacy, Michele Chamberlain, Susan Carswell, Charles N. Cole
The Growth Of Simian Virus 40 (Sv40) Host Range/Adenovirus Helper Function Mutants In An African Green Monkey Cell Line That Constitutively Expresses The Sv40 Agnoprotein., Terryl P. Stacy, Michele Chamberlain, Susan Carswell, Charles N. Cole
Dartmouth Scholarship
The simian virus 40 T-antigen carboxy-terminal mutants, dlA2459 and dlA2475, are cell line and temperature dependent for growth and plaque formation in monkey kidney cells. Although these mutants did form plaques on BSC-1 cells at 37 degrees C, they were about fivefold less efficient for plaque formation than wild-type simian virus 40. These mutants did not grow in CV-1 cells and did not synthesize agnoprotein in those cells. CV-1 cells which constitutively express the agnoprotein were permissive for mutant plaque formation. However, late mRNAs, virion proteins, and progeny virion yields did not accumulate to wild-type levels during mutant infection of …
Mechanism Of Escape Of Endogenous Murine Leukemia Virus Emv-14 From Recognition By Anti-Akr/Gross Virus Cytolytic T Lymphocytes., Hillary D. White, Michael D. Robbins, William R. Green
Mechanism Of Escape Of Endogenous Murine Leukemia Virus Emv-14 From Recognition By Anti-Akr/Gross Virus Cytolytic T Lymphocytes., Hillary D. White, Michael D. Robbins, William R. Green
Dartmouth Scholarship
It was previously shown that spleen cells from endogenous ecotropic murine leukemia virus emv-14+ AKXL-5 mice fail to stimulate an anti-AKR/Gross virus cytolytic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response in a mixed lymphocyte culture with primed C57BL/6 responder spleen cells, whereas spleen cells from AKXL strains carrying the very similar emv-11 provirus do stimulate a response (Green and Graziano, Immunogenetics 23:106-110, 1986). We wished to determine whether the lack of response with AKXL-5 spleen cells was at the level of recognition between effector cell and target cell and whether the relevant mutation was within the emv-14 provirus. It is shown here that EMV-negative …
Absence Of A Structural Basis For Intracellular Recognition And Differential Localization Of Nuclear And Plasma Membrane-Associated Forms Of Simian Virus 40 Large Tumor Antigen., Donald L. Jarvis, Charles N. Cole, Janet S. Butel
Absence Of A Structural Basis For Intracellular Recognition And Differential Localization Of Nuclear And Plasma Membrane-Associated Forms Of Simian Virus 40 Large Tumor Antigen., Donald L. Jarvis, Charles N. Cole, Janet S. Butel
Dartmouth Scholarship
The simian virus 40 large tumor antigen (T-ag) is found in both the nuclei (nT-ag) and plasma membranes (mT-ag) of simian virus 40-infected or -transformed cells. It is not known how newly synthesized T-ag molecules are recognized, sorted, and transported to their ultimate subcellular destinations. One possibility is that these events depend upon structural differences between nT-ag and mT-ag. To test this possibility, we compared the structures of nT-ag and mT-ag from simian virus 40-infected cells. No differences between the two forms of T-ag were detected by migration in polyacrylamide gels, by Staphylococcus aureus V8 partial proteolytic mapping of methionine- …
Two Separable Functional Domains Of Simian Virus 40 Large T Antigen: Carboxyl-Terminal Region Of Simian Virus 40 Large T Antigen Is Required For Efficient Capsid Protein Synthesis., Joanne Tornow, Maryellen Polvino-Bodnar, George Santangelo, Charles N. Cole
Two Separable Functional Domains Of Simian Virus 40 Large T Antigen: Carboxyl-Terminal Region Of Simian Virus 40 Large T Antigen Is Required For Efficient Capsid Protein Synthesis., Joanne Tornow, Maryellen Polvino-Bodnar, George Santangelo, Charles N. Cole
Dartmouth Scholarship
The carboxyl-terminal portion of simian virus 40 large T antigen is essential for productive infection of CV-1 and CV-1p green monkey kidney cells. Mutant dlA2459, lacking 14 base pairs at 0.193 map units, was positive for viral DNA replication, but unable to form plaques in CV-1p cells (J. Tornow and C.N. Cole, J. Virol. 47:487-494, 1983). In this report, the defect of dlA2459 is further defined. Simian virus 40 late mRNAs were transcribed, polyadenylated, spliced, and transported in dlA2459-infected cells, but the level of capsid proteins produced in infected CV-1 green monkey kidney cells was extremely low. dlA2459 large T …