Virology Commons^™

Structural And Functional Studies Of The Papain-Like Protease 2 From Mouse Hepatitis Virus, Yafang Chen

Open Access Dissertations

Our goal is to establish a system to investigate how the deubiquitinating (DUB) and deISGylating activities of coronavirus (CoV) papain-like protease domains (PLPs) are involved in virus immune evasion. To this end, we chose PLP2 from mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) as our target of study because MHV has historically served as a model system for the study of CoVs, and it has undeniable advantage of ease in culturing in comparison to human coronaviruses.

It is reported here the expression and purification of a region of MHV nsp3 that contains the catalytic core of the PLP2 domain and its neighboring domains. …

Understanding The Causal Agent Of Rose Rosette Disease, Patrick Louis Di Bello

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

A number viruses are known to infect roses, ranging from those in the genera Nepovirus, and Ilarvirus, which have been reported since the inception of rose virology, to recently discovered viruses in the genera Carmovirus, Closterovirus, Emaravirus, Luteovirus, Rosadnavirus, and Potyvirus. Of the viral diseases in rose, arguably the most damaging is Rose rosette (RRD), which is associated with the Emaravirus, Rose rosette virus (RRV). The objective of this thesis is to fill in the gaps in knowledge on the epidemiological aspects of RRD and RRV. There has been significant progress in the epidemiology of the RRD agent prior to …

Characterizing The C-Terminal Region Of Human Adenovirus E1a: An Undiscovered Country, Michael J. Cohen

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Human Adenovirus (HAdV) E1A is the first protein expressed during viral infection. The primary function of E1A is to reprogram the cell for viral replication, but it is additionally capable of transforming primary rodent cells in co-operation with other oncogenes such as HAdV E1B. Despite extensive study, little is known about the function and cellular targets of the C-terminal region of E1A. Importantly, this region is required for the transforming ability of E1A with E1B, but can also suppress transformation with Ras. Previous studies showed that interaction with the C-terminal Binding Protein (CtBP) plays a role in both functions described …

The Effect Of Activation Induced Cytidine Deaminase Phosphorylation And Herpes Virus Uracil Dna Glycosylase On Antibody Diversification, Marc Macaluso

Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is a mutagenic enzyme that is expressed in mammalian B-cells and initiates the antibody diversification processes of somatic hypermuntation (SHM) and isotype class switch recombination (CSR). AID is targeted to the immunoglobulin gene locus where it deaminates cytosines to generate uracil residues in DNA. This generates guanine-uracil (U:G) mismatch lesion which are recognized by uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG), a DNA repair enzyme that removes uracil from DNA and triggers downstream repair of the lesion. While UNG is a ubiquitously expressed DNA repair enzyme, its recognition and removal of AID introduced uracils is essential in both SHM …

Hiv Integrase Mechanisms Of Resistance To Raltegravir, Elvitegravir, And Dolutegravir, Kyla Nicole Ross

Wayne State University Theses

ABSTRACT

HIV INTEGRASE MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE TO RALTEGRAVIR, ELVITEGRAVIR, AND DOLUTEGRAVIR

by

KYLA ROSS

December 2015

Advisor: Dr. Ladislau Kovari

Major: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Degree: Master of Science

HIV-1 integrase (HIV-1 IN or IN) is a multimeric enzyme that integrates the HIV-1 genome into the chromosomes of infected CD4+ T-cells. Currently there are three FDA approved HIV-1 IN strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) used in clinical practice: raltegravir (RAL), elvitegravir (ELV), and dolutegravir (DTG). The [Q148H], [Q148H, G140S], [Q148R], [Q148R, G140A] and [N155H, E92Q] mutations decrease IN susceptibility to RAL and ELV and may result in therapeutic failure. As an …

Characterization Of The Nodamura Virus Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase And Formation Of Rna Replication Complexes In Mammalian Cells, Vincent Ulysses Gant

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Positive-strand RNA viruses amplify their genomes in membrane-bound structures associated with intracellular membranes and organelles called replication complexes (RCs). Here, we begin to elucidate mechanisms of Nodamura virus (NoV; family Nodaviridae) RC assembly. The literature reports that NoV-infected muscle tissue exhibits mitochondrial aggregation and rearrangement of mitochondrial structure, leading to disorganization of the muscle fibrils. However, the molecular basis for this pathogenesis and the role of mitochondria in NoV infection remained unclear until now. We tested the hypoThesis that NoV establishes RCs in association with mitochondria in cultured mammalian cells at physiological temperature. We used immunofluorescence confocal microscopy and biochemical …

Elucidation Of A Novel Pathway In Staphylococcus Aureus: The Essential Site-Specific Processing Of Ribosomal Protein L27, Erin A. Wall

Theses and Dissertations

Ribosomal protein L27 is a component of the eubacterial large ribosomal subunit that has been shown to play a critical role in substrate stabilization during protein synthesis. This function is mediated by the L27 N-terminus, which protrudes into the peptidyl transferase center where it interacts with both A-site and P-site tRNAs as well as with 23S rRNA. We observed that L27 in S. aureus and other Firmicutes is encoded with a short N-terminal extension that is not present in most Gram-negative organisms, and is absent from mature ribosomes. The extension contains a conserved cleavage motif; nine N-terminal amino acids are …