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Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology Commons™
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Articles 1 - 10 of 10
Full-Text Articles in Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology
Microbial Hydrocarbon Degradation And Carbon Cycling In Marine And Freshwater Sediments: A Comparative Metagenomic Analysis, Yogita M. Warkhade
Microbial Hydrocarbon Degradation And Carbon Cycling In Marine And Freshwater Sediments: A Comparative Metagenomic Analysis, Yogita M. Warkhade
Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports
Microbes are essential in keeping our environment balanced, especially by fixing carbon dioxide and breaking down hydrocarbons in aquatic sediments. This thesis explores how microbial communities perform these tasks in different sediment environments, including marine areas (Caspian Sea and Mediterranean Sea) and freshwater ecosystems (Great Lakes). The first part of this thesis reviews current knowledge about how microbes degrade hydrocarbons. It highlights the importance of different pathways microbes use depending on oxygen availability. The second part provides a detailed study of the microbial communities found in marine sediments from the Caspian Sea and Mediterranean Sea, showing that microbes in these …
Synthetic Microbial Communities For Plastic Upcycling, Isabel B. A. Valencia
Synthetic Microbial Communities For Plastic Upcycling, Isabel B. A. Valencia
Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports
Plastic waste and human hunger pose major threats to the health and wellbeing of populations world-wide. Using microbial methods to upcycle polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic into value-added compounds such as single cell protein (SCP) for human consumption is a unique solution to both these issues. Two monomers of chemically deconstructed PET (DCPET), terephthalate (TPA) and ethylene glycol (EG), have been previously shown to be biodegradable by enriched microbial communities. Using this top-down knowledge to inform the reconstruction of a minimal microbial community constructed from isolated members of these communities is a novel way to efficiently process these monomers via a …
Under Ice Photosynthetic Primary Production And Dark Carbon Fixation In A Temperate Freshwater System, Vanessa Cubillos Tellez
Under Ice Photosynthetic Primary Production And Dark Carbon Fixation In A Temperate Freshwater System, Vanessa Cubillos Tellez
Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports
Ice-covered lakes are vulnerable to environmental change, especially those in the Northern Hemisphere where ice cover is rapidly declining due to global warming. These changes can alter metabolic processes and disrupt carbon cycling driven by primary producers who form the base of the food chain and are key to sustaining ecosystem function. Photosynthetic primary production and dark carbon fixation under the ice in the Keweenaw Waterway, a temperate freshwater system that is ice-covered for ~3 months out of the year, were studied using a carbon isotopic labeling (14C-bicarbonate) technique. Water samples were collected weekly during ice cover and monthly during …
From Thermal Springs To Subway Benches: Exploring The Diversity Of Carbon Monoxide Dehydrogenases Through Metagenomes, Phylogenetics, And Machine Learning, Isaac Bigcraft
Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports
Carbon monoxide is well known as a toxic gas but can also be an important input and intermediary for microbial metabolisms. Carbon monoxide dehydrogenases (CODHs) serve as key enzyme complexes for a variety of microbial carbon monoxide (CO) utilization pathways. Such pathways include the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, which is important in methanogenesis and acetogenesis, metal and sulfate reduction pathways, hydrogen production, and others. The CODH enzymes allow microbes to turn the traditionally toxic waste gas of CO into a useful carbon and energy source. Despite the flexibility of CODH enzymes, the use of carbon monoxide is still believed to be a …
Biocide Resistance As A Result Of Exposure To Biocides Used In Hydraulic Fracturing, Lindsey Schenten
Biocide Resistance As A Result Of Exposure To Biocides Used In Hydraulic Fracturing, Lindsey Schenten
Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports
Microbial resistance to antimicrobials is an important topic to investigate not only for our health but for the environment. There is a growing concern about expanding microbial resistance to both antibiotics and other antimicrobials such as biocides. We wanted to know how bacteria previously exposed to hydraulic fracturing fluids, including biocides, would react to biocide exposure and what the mechanism of resistance looked like. In order to test this hypothesis bacterial isolates were obtained from water and sediment from a stream that had been previously exposed to a spill of hydraulic fracturing water. Thirty bacterial isolates were obtained from these …
Improved Methods For The Quantification Of Viable Ascaris Suum And Application To Biosolids, Tanner Keyzers
Improved Methods For The Quantification Of Viable Ascaris Suum And Application To Biosolids, Tanner Keyzers
Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports
The current method for detection of Ascaris ova in biosolids and wastewater has several drawbacks including being labor and time intensive as well as being difficult to quantify viable ova that have larvated during treatment. The goal of this thesis was to improve several methods for the detection and quantification of Ascaris ova during long term-storage of biosolids including improvement of quantifying viable ova using a heat and bleach treatment to promote movement of larvae inside of ova, and comparison of the traditional microscopic method with qPCR and PMA-qPCR to prevent the false-positive results. Improved methods to promote movement of …
Biogeochemical Response To Vegetation And Hydrologic Change In An Alaskan Boreal Fen Ecosystem, Danielle L. Rupp
Biogeochemical Response To Vegetation And Hydrologic Change In An Alaskan Boreal Fen Ecosystem, Danielle L. Rupp
Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports
Boreal peatlands store approximately one third of the earth’s terrestrial carbon, locked away in currently waterlogged and frozen conditions. Peatlands of boreal and arctic ecosystems are affected increasingly by shifting hydrology caused by climate change. The consequences of these relatively rapid ecosystem changes on carbon cycling between the landscape and the atmosphere could provide an amplifying feedback to climate warming. Alternatively, the advancement of terrestrial vegetation into once waterlogged soils could uptake carbon as a sink. Previous work suggests that fens will become an increasingly dominant landscape feature in the boreal. However, studies investigating fens, their response to hydrologic and …
Impact Of Industrial Biocides On Bacterial Isolates From Hydraulic Fracturing Produced Water, Waad Ahmed Aljohani
Impact Of Industrial Biocides On Bacterial Isolates From Hydraulic Fracturing Produced Water, Waad Ahmed Aljohani
Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports
Biocides are antimicrobial compounds that are designed to kill diverse groups of microbes in an untargeted fashion. Glutaraldehyde and DBNPA are commonly used to manage microbial growth in different industries. It is possible that biocide use may result in the development of bacterial resistance. However, resistance to DBNPA is believed to be limited under normal use conditions. We isolated a number of bacteria from produced water from a hydraulically fractured site in West Texas. We then tested the ability of these isolates to resist Glutaraldehyde and DBNPA. In this study, we found that these isolates have varying resistance to these …
Microbial Community Response To Light And Heavy Crude Oil In Freshwater Systems, Timothy M. Butler
Microbial Community Response To Light And Heavy Crude Oil In Freshwater Systems, Timothy M. Butler
Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports
With increased demand for oil, there is an increased risk for oil spills in many environments. A number of pipelines transport oil near or across freshwater systems including the Great Lakes. Microbes are capable of breaking down oil and have thus been proposed as tools for oil spill response through bioremediation. There is a need to understand the microbial response to diverse oil types in freshwater environments due to the lack of research into this topic. This study’s main objectives are to understand how the freshwater microbial communities respond to oil, and how the bacterial communities may respond to different …
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Of Northern White Cedar (Thuja Occidentalis L.): Habitat Effects On Fungal Communities And Inoculum Effects On Plant Growth On Acid Peat Soils, Guswarni Anwar
Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports
The relationship of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi with northern white cedar (NWC) was examined from the perspective of both fundamental questions about habitat specificity in the root fungal community, as well as applied questions regarding AM fungal efficacy in NWC restoration in peat soils. I performed two experiments testing the effects of AM fungi on survival, growth, and nutrition of NWC seedlings; and one molecular study to determine the habitat effects on community composition of NWC root-associated fungi. First, a greenhouse AM inoculation experiment was conducted in factorial combination with fertilization and liming to examine conditional effectiveness of AM fungal …